The development course of China's exploration of the universe

The history of manned space research in China can be traced back to the early 1970s.

After the launch of China's first artificial earth satellite, Dongfanghong-1, Qian Xuesen, then president of the Fifth National Defense Institute, proposed that China should carry out manned space flight. At that time, the country named the project "7 14 Project" (that is, 197 1 year) and named the spacecraft "Dawn 1".

But after working for a period of time, China thought that there were some difficulties in developing manned space flight, no matter from the scientific research team and experience, or from the comprehensive national strength and industrial base, so he put the project on hold.

In the early 1970s, after China's first artificial earth satellite, Dongfanghong-1, it began to develop several communication satellites, such as Dongfanghong-2, Dongfanghong-2 A and Dongfanghong-3.

Since 1980s, China has made great progress in space technology, and has the ability to develop and launch various application satellites, such as recoverable satellites, meteorological satellites, resource satellites and communication satellites.

Especially in 1975, China successfully launched and recovered the first recoverable satellite, making China the third country in the world to master satellite recovery technology after the United States and the former Soviet Union, laying a solid foundation for China to carry out manned space technology research.

1992 11October, the China municipal government approved the launch of the manned spaceflight project, which was named "921project". In the seven systems of "92 1 Project", manned spacecraft is the core, which is mainly developed by China Academy of Space Technology.

When the "92 1 Project" was officially launched, the central government put forward the goal of "striving for eight guarantees and nine guarantees", that is, 1998 should have a technological breakthrough and 1999 should have a spaceship. China Tangjialing Space City ensures the material conditions for China's manned spaceflight project to complete its manned space mission.

Expand the data world and explore the development of the universe;

After World War II, the United States and the former Soviet Union continued their research on rockets and other space technologies on the basis of German research. By the 1950s, various types of missile weapons developed by the United States and the former Soviet Union came out one after another, forming a missile weapon system. At the same time, they have accumulated experience in developing launch vehicles and established supporting industrial facilities that have begun to take shape.

1957, 10 year 10 4 October, the former Soviet Union sent the world's first artificial earth satellite into space with an improved P-7 intercontinental missile. To realize the desire of heaven, human beings must meet three conditions:

One is to have powerful vehicles, the other is to have advanced spacecraft for astronauts to use, and the third is to find out the influence of high-altitude environment and flight environment on human body and find protective measures.

By the 1950s, the United States and the former Soviet Union had made great progress in these areas, laying a solid technical foundation for manned space flight.

/KOOC-0/96/KOOC-0/April/KOOC-0/2, the former Soviet Union sent the "Dongfang/KOOC-0/"spacecraft carrying yuri gagarin, the world's first astronaut, into space orbit/KOOC-0/8/KOOC-0/~ 327 kilometers above the ground. Yuri gagarin's space flight has realized human's flying dream and initiated a new era of manned space flight.

The United States is close behind. 1on July 20th, 969, the Apollo 2 lunar module landed safely in the "sea of tranquility" area of the moon, and American astronauts N·A· Armstrong and E·E· Aldrin landed on the moon, which realized the dream of mankind for a thousand years, made the myth of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon come true, and reached a new peak in human exploration of space.

Since the successful launch of the first artificial satellite, in less than half a century, human exploration of space has made rapid progress.

From the application of artificial satellites to Ad Astra, from the exploration of the moon to the exploration plans of Mars and Saturn to the "deep impact" of comets. By the end of 2004, countries around the world had carried out more than 4,000 space launches and launched more than 5,500 spacecraft into space. There are about 1300 spacecraft still in orbit or in the universe.

So far, mankind has successfully developed three different manned spacecraft, such as manned spacecraft, space station and space shuttle, sent more than 500 people into space, 12 people landed on the moon, and began to build a permanent manned space station.

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