Interviewing the kindergarten teacher, the teacher asked about the plans for the next five years.

Generally speaking, it is a kind. As a form of teaching management, "lecture" has been widely used in primary and secondary schools. It is a good way for teachers to study educational content, explore teaching methods and practice teaching means, and constantly improve their professional level; It is also an inherent requirement for teachers to further study educational theory, guide teaching practice by scientific means, improve the level of teaching and scientific research, and enhance teaching basic skills after deepening educational reform. It is also the comprehensive practice of teachers' political thoughts, cultural knowledge, theoretical level and teaching activities. Through "lectures", the proportion of teachers who can master the teaching content has increased significantly, and the teaching level and quality of teachers who participate in "lectures" have improved significantly. Then, can "lecture" be used as a form of kindergarten teaching management? The author holds a positive attitude towards this.

Contents and requirements of "lecture"

At present, there are "four theories" (outline content, teaching method, learning method and teaching design) and "five theories" (outline, content, teaching method, learning method and exercises) about the lecture content. The author believes that the content and requirements of "speaking lessons" in kindergartens should include the following aspects.

1, according to the Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) (hereinafter referred to as the Outline), analyze activities and children.

Content is the basic element of teaching. In-depth analysis and grasping the content is the basis of designing each activity well, and it is also the basic premise for teachers to master the teaching process and achieve the best teaching effect. Therefore, according to the requirements of the syllabus, teachers must analyze the intention of content selection, content context, key points, difficulties, ability points, emotional attitude education points, learning types, the relationship between previous concepts and new knowledge, and their own personal opinions.

Children are the main body of learning. Analyzing children is the key to teachers' teaching behavior and the premise of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. If teachers want children to increase their subjective consciousness, give full play to their subjective role and realize the harmonious development of teaching and learning, they should make a detailed analysis of children's cognitive level and structure, various ability levels, thinking quality and moral status, so as to make teaching truly targeted and achieve the expected purpose.

2. Explain the establishment of the activity goal and the basic idea of realizing the activity goal.

Activity goal refers to the expected results and standards that the main body of teaching activities should achieve in specific teaching activities. To establish the goal of the activity, we should make an overall design and establish the goal system from the following three aspects according to the outline, the selected content, the characteristics and development of children's learning:

(1) Establish the goal of emotional attitude: let children develop good emotional attitude and aesthetics through learning.

(2) Establish the ability goal: that is, through learning, what standards can children achieve in physical and mental development, such as the development of ability, will, character and physical strength. Generally speaking, ability is composed of observation, thinking, memory and imagination, among which thinking ability is the core.

(3) Establish knowledge and skills goals: that is, through learning, what standards children reach in basic knowledge and skills, whether they master or understand, know and so on.

Activity goals restrict the direction of activity design and play a guiding role in teaching activities. Therefore, teachers should firmly grasp the activity objectives, and explain the basic ideas such as the process, steps, organization and the detection of the realization degree of the activity objectives with sufficient theoretical basis and practical experience.

3. Explain the strategies to highlight the teaching key points and break through the teaching difficulties.

Generally speaking, the focus of teaching is the knowledge with strong generality in the knowledge structure of activity content. In addition to knowledge, the focus of teaching also includes the focus of ability and emotion.

The difficulty in teaching is abstract, far from life or complicated knowledge. There are three common teaching difficulties in teaching practice: one is the same as the teaching focus, that is, it is both the teaching focus and the teaching difficulty; One is that the teaching difficulty is not the key point, but it is directly related to the key point; One is the teaching difficulty that has nothing to do with the key points or is not directly related. The determination of teaching difficulties should be based on the content knowledge system, children's cognitive ability and teaching conditions, and the relationship between teaching difficulties and teaching priorities should be analyzed in detail.

Teachers' superb teaching skills are reflected in highlighting key points and breaking through difficulties, which is the aspect in which teachers put the most energy and labor into teaching activities, and also the symbol of teachers' teaching depth and teaching level. Therefore, in oral English class, teachers must focus on explaining the basic strategies of highlighting teaching priorities and breaking through teaching difficulties, that is, explaining the steps, methods and forms of highlighting key points from the aspects of knowledge structure, optimization of teaching elements, content selection and thinking training, selection of teaching methods and teaching media, and processing and strengthening of feedback information.

4. Elaborate the idea of optimizing the teaching process structure.

The so-called teaching process is a process in which the factors that cause the state change of the teaching activity system are interrelated and interacted. Explain the overall guiding ideology of conceiving the whole teaching process; Explain the design and theoretical basis of the organic combination of teaching and learning activities; Explain the value orientation and theoretical basis of typical teaching links; Explain the design and rationality of the teaching plan; Explain the choice of teaching media and how to guide children to learn the law. In the choice of learning methods, we should fully consider children's own factors and situational factors, such as analyzing children's cognitive basis, psychological characteristics and acceptability of learning content, analyzing the adaptability of children's thinking mode and learning habits to the content, and analyzing possible differences. This is a process of in-depth analysis of teaching objects, mainly to examine our concern and exploration of learning methods. Here, teachers, children, content and teaching conditions are the basic elements of a relatively stable teaching system itself, while teaching objectives, teaching contents, teaching methods, teaching organization forms and teaching results are the basic elements of the teaching process.

Therefore, in oral English class, we should first explain how to deal with the relationship between teachers, children and content, which key issues and links reflect the teacher's dominant position and which links reflect the child's dominant position, so as to achieve the best combination of teachers' dominance and children's initiative, the best combination of the inherent law of knowledge structure and children's cognitive law, the best combination of mastering knowledge and developing thinking ability, and the best emotional communication and adjustment. Secondly, teachers should explain how to organize the teaching process well, and promote the orderly development of the teaching process through control means such as introduction, organizing teaching, games, feedback reinforcement, ending and basic skills such as language, questioning, demonstration, explanation and guidance.

5. Explain the choice of teaching methods and the application of teaching means.

Tell the teaching methods designed according to the activity content, children's reality and teaching conditions. This is a very important point in the teaching process, mainly to examine the teacher's research and the choice of teaching methods. If you have a certain understanding of traditional teaching methods, such as explanation, dialogue, exercises, the combination of teaching and practice, and modern teaching methods, such as guided discovery, theme inquiry, schema teaching method (Reggio), the experience of the second phase of curriculum reform in Shanghai, unit teaching method, comprehensive courses, etc. And make clear the constraints, characteristics and selection criteria of each teaching method, you can make a reasonable choice and optimize the combination under your own personal teaching philosophy. Teaching method is an interrelated action system adopted by teachers and students to achieve certain teaching goals, which has the characteristics of diversity, comprehensiveness, development and compensation. Teachers should explain the basis, function and applicability of choosing a certain teaching method or comprehensively using several teaching methods in class, and make clear its value. Because the teaching process is a unified process of teaching and learning, this process must be a synchronous process of teaching methods and learning methods, so teachers should also explain how to teach children the methods and laws of learning in class.

Teaching means are tools, media or equipment for teachers and students to transmit information to each other. With the new science and technology pouring into the teaching field, the tools and media for transmitting information have developed from traditional means to audio-visual education. In terms of teaching methods, it has changed from single media teaching to modern multimedia teaching. Teachers should start from the teaching content, teaching links and children's characteristics, and explain the basic ideas such as the organic and moderate use of teaching media, the thinking of compiling audio-visual education software and the use value of these media.

6. Explain the prediction of teaching effect

Teaching effect is the destination and embodiment of teaching objectives. The prediction of teaching effect is not only the expectation of teachers to achieve teaching goals, but also the degree of self-control of teachers to achieve teaching goals. Teachers should make concrete and possible predictions about children's cognition, intellectual development, ability development, ideological and moral cultivation and physical and mental development, and tell the measures and ideas of teaching evaluation, feedback and adjustment. This point is based on feedback control, and strives for comprehensive (all-round) and timely feedback, and there must be a variety of contingency control measures.

In short, speaking class must be based on content analysis and children's situation analysis, with teaching objectives as the fundamental direction, firmly grasp the key and difficult points of teaching, optimize the structure of teaching process, choose teaching methods, scientifically use various teaching media, effectively control the teaching effect to be achieved in the teaching process, explain its basic teaching ideas, put forward teaching implementation plans designed according to teaching ideas, and tell about unique teaching innovations.