White Leonard's Personal Achievements

1926, he published the first textbook of public administration, Introduction to Research on Public Administration, which, together with Woodno Wilson's Administrative Research and frank goodnow's Politics and Administration, made public administration an independent subject field. In addition, he also published a series of influential works, such as the latest trend of public administration. Federalism and foreign civil service system. Like henri fayol, White believes that public administration has universal applicability and general principles applicable to various organizations. He is influenced by scientific management theory, but his works are different from other management textbooks, and he emphasizes personnel management. White believes that besides management, politics is also the foundation of public administration. His masterpieces in the history of administrative system, Federalist (1948), Jefferson's Followers (195 1), Jackson's Followers (1954) and Republic Times (65438+), prove this. At the same time, he was deeply influenced by the public administration policy movement. He believes that the power of political parties represented by the system of sharing stolen goods has damaged the efficiency of administrative organs. After analyzing the 50-year history of the performance system of American government agencies and comparing it with the British civil service system, he pointed out that the spoils sharing system still dominates American government agencies, and this situation must be changed. To this end, he proposed a series of reform ideas. He devoted himself to the study of personnel issues as part of the reform agenda: recruitment, dismissal, wage standardization, personnel evaluation, promotion, ethics and retirement. In the late 1920s, White conducted the first public opinion research on public sector employees, and found that two-thirds of them thought it was better to work in the private sector than in the public sector. It was later confirmed in the study of 1964 Brookings Institution. Under the influence of White, the junior civil service examination was established in the United States on 1934 as a tool to establish a formal general recruitment system for public administration. The examination paves the way for the overall improvement of the human resources system to ensure the future ability in the federal service agencies. White also believes that these studies, like experiments and the reform of administrative institutions, are only qualitative provisions, so it cannot be measured by quantitative standards. White's thought led to the theoretical research method in administrative science, which shifted people's attention from specific institutions to public administration itself.