Character experience, Yu Chengwan.

Yu Chengwan (1902- 1955) was a senior general of the national army from Ningxing Village, Zhang Cun, Baisha Town, Taishan, Guangdong. Graduated from Panyu Normal School, Guangdong Railway Institute, the first phase of Huangpu Military Academy, the special class of Army University, the Political Department of China University in Beiping, and the Institute of Army University. Engaged in political work for a long time in his early years. In 1940, he served as the 57th division commander of the 74th Army, and led 8000 guards to resist the Japanese army from 10 to February 165438 12 days. The next day, the reinforced 32nd regiment counterattacked Changde and recovered it on the same day. After the war, Chiang Kai-shek heard of Changde's fall and ordered him to be sent to a military court for trial for disobeying military orders. Sun Lianzhong interceded with Wang. Yu Chengwan was sentenced to two years' imprisonment. I was only detained for four months, and Wang pleaded with the Military Advocate General and was released on bail. Xuan was appointed as the deputy commander of the 74th Army. 1948 served as the commander of the 26th Army. During the Yunnan Uprising in Lu Han, Yu Chengwan wavered and went to Hongkong. 1On August 27th, 955, Yu Chengwan, who grew vegetables and raised chickens in the New Territories, was robbed by bandits and shot dead.

As the big brother of Huangpu Phase I, Yu Chengwan really didn't do well. This is mainly related to the road he chose after graduating from military school. At that time, he chose to do party work, so he was assigned to the Naval Bureau as the director of the political department, and later became the party representative of Ishii Arsenal. To say that Yu Chengwan is a good official at this time, the director of the political department and the party representatives are all school officials. I don't know why, but Yu Chengwan may be tired of his desk, so he applied to join the army. It is difficult to become a monk halfway. Yu Chengwan's wish to leave the army came true, but his position was as an instructor. This is three years. Finally, he became the head of the field army in 1934, but he was still the 49th Division, a unit with a different brand. At this time, most of his classmates became brigade commanders. 1 1936. It was not until 1940 that he became the division commander of the 57th division of the 74th Army. In the 74th Army, his Huangpu qualifications are older than those of Yu Jishi and Wang. Although they have a superior-subordinate relationship, they are both called old-timers in private. History still gave Yu Chengwan a chance to make a name for himself in the battle of Changde. Unfortunately, this name is a bit tragic, because Changde failed to keep it, and it was even removed after the war. If it weren't for the intercession of his old classmates, it is estimated that he would have died with Long and Xue. Yu Chengwan's name is known to the public mainly because of his heroic deeds of 8000 officers and men in 57 divisions under Changde City.

The bravery and fearlessness of Changde campaign

1943, in order to cooperate with the Pacific battlefield and stop the Japanese army from moving to Myanmar, Japan formulated a new operational outline, requiring the 1 1 army to launch the Changde campaign after the battle in western China. Changde is an important town in northern Hunan and the gateway to Sichuan and Guizhou. Known as "the lips and teeth of Western Chu" and "the throat of Qianchuan", it has always been a battleground for military strategists and its strategic position is very important. Changde has always been the hub of land and water transportation, with the Yangtze River in the north, Yichang in the east, Guangdong-Han Railway in the east and Guizhou-Sichuan in the west. Therefore, on the occasion of the battle in western Hubei, the 57th Division came here for protection, made great efforts to build fortifications and actively prepared for war. Yu Chengwan mobilized all the officers and men of the army, and issued the battle order of "if the city survives, it will survive, and if the city dies, it will die", vowing to share life and death with Changde. Yu Chengwan has made an orderly deployment of urban defense, which is divided into three stages: suburban defense period, city wall defense period and urban street defense period.

165438+1October 22nd, 1 1 The main Japanese troops gathered in the suburbs of Changde and began to launch a general attack on Changde, with the intention of capturing Changde with overwhelming forces in a short time. The 1 16 division, the main force of the siege, tried to avoid the battle in the early stage of the battle. At this time, the troops were complete and the whole division was used to attack the city. The 68th Division, which landed in Hanshou, was responsible for covering the left wing and resisting the reinforcements of the ninth theater when the 1 16 Division attacked the city. The 3rd Division and13rd Division blocked the second-line corps of Wang Group in Cili and Taoyuan, while the 39th Division, the only17th Brigade and the 58th Regiment resisted the10th Army offensive in the rear and covered 1 1 Army retreat. The first phase of the Japanese strategic attempt has been completed, the second-line corps of the National Army is in a state of dispersion, and Changde is in danger. At the beginning of the battle, the 63rd Division of 100 Army188th Regiment was ordered by Chief Sun to seize the position of Deshan in order to become a corner with the 57th Division. As soon as Yokoyama got started, he threw himself at Deshan. 188 group rushed to attack, and lost the position of Deshan in just one day and night. 188 regiment was exhausted, so Colonel Deng gave up Deshan and moved closer to 100 army. Deshan is the most important key to Changde's foreign exchange, and it is the ferry on the Yuanjiang River in the south of the city. After the fall of Deshan, the back road of the 57th Division was cut off, and the communication between the besieged city and the outside world was interrupted.

On 24th, 1 16 division assembled and launched a main attack on Changde city defense. In the early days, the head of Yamamoto's three divisions still attacked the city with traditional artillery, supported the frontal attack of the joint infantry with the close contact of brigade-level artillery, and sent squadrons to the brigade-level death squadrons to make a concentrated breakthrough. Most of the national armies on the Cheng-Xiang position fought hand-to-hand with the invading army on the position. 1 16 division bombed the fortifications of the 57th division with powerful artillery, and then the infantry broke into the house. The battalion commanders of the 57th Division personally led the troops to attack the enemy with grenades and artillery fire, and intercepted and annihilated the invading Japanese infantry death squads in close combat.

1943165438+1October 25th,1the army invested all 1 1 6th Division, 3rd Division, 6th Division, 68th Division and 234th Division attacked the city. 1 16 division attacked Changde again with 133 as the leader, and all kinds of shells of the national army had been exhausted, so it could only fight with light weapons. The Japanese army still formed a siege death squad with large step guns, charging violently and drilling gaps on all sides. It is intended to break through the defense line of the 57 th division with absolute advantage. 169 regiment was the first to bear the brunt, and the battalion commander Guo Zhangjia supervised the team to kill the enemy and sacrificed heroically. The fighting in Wan Zhi is more intense. 169 Major General Chai Yixin encouraged the officers and men of the regiment: people are in the city, do their best for the country and fight bloody battles to the end! The enemy can't attack again and again, sending more than 7,000 troops, transferring dozens of cannons and planes to attack Wan Zhi in turn. Dozens of planes flew around like crows in the sky, bombing our positions one after another, and dense shells shook the earth; Dozens of tanks crawled like beetles, and a large number of Japanese troops followed the tanks and evacuated like a raging wave, approaching our positions. Chai Yixin commanded the soldiers to shoot at the sky with machine guns and rifles, and did not dare to approach my position with enemy planes; Put a bundle of grenades under the enemy tank, blow up its trail and make it immovable. Every step forward, the enemy will pay a heavy price. In front of our position, the bodies of the enemy are everywhere. 170 Battalion Commander Tan Hongjian stood on the wall and died in the melee. Changde city fell, and the defenders retreated into the city to fight with the enemy in the street. Even if the battalion was cut off, they still spontaneously fought back in the streets and alleys, fought tug-of-war with the Japanese army many times, persisted, and expelled the 133 United Front Army that invaded the North Gate. Seeing the slow offensive, Yokoyama was anxious. He ignored the difficulties that might cause siege troops, called the main air support of the 3 rd Aviation Division, imitated the unique skills of the US military, and threw incendiary bombs everywhere in Changde City. There are fires everywhere in Changde city, and most houses are burning, which is terrible.

1943165438+1On October 28th, 57th division suffered total loss. Yu Chengwan, the commander, ordered the artillery, political workers, divisional staff officers and various miscellaneous service formations in the city led by Lieutenant Colonel Gao Ziyue, deputy head of the 169 regiment to fight. Changde police were also incorporated into the army, and 10 thousand bullets buried by Changde police station were excavated, which was the last aid of the 57 th Division.

1 94365438+February1,Sun Lianzhong telegraphed Yu Chengwan, 10 The army has arrived in the southeast of Changde, so you can contact him as soon as possible. Teacher Yu immediately sent Deputy Teacher Chen to contact him, but failed to get in touch. At this time, the houses in the city were burned to the ground, and the final position of the 57 th Division was less than 300 meters wide. At the last moment, a teacher who hated friendly forces sent a final telegram to Chief Sun: "All people were killed by bombs, the city was breached, and friendly forces were watching. Carve the streets in a mess. Deputy division commander and chief of staff stick to the central bank. After work, at 2 o'clock in the middle of the night on February 3, Mr. Yu Chengwan called his four heads and told him that he had decided to break through, but he insisted on sticking to Changde. Hearing this, Chai Yixin, head of the 169 regiment, stood up and reported: "Teachers are the hope of the whole division. I hope teachers can break through as soon as possible. I will stick to it here and wait for the teacher to lead the reinforcements to clear the way. " At this time, he was determined to live and die with the city. 1943 65438+At 3 o'clock in the morning on February 3, Chai Yixin stuck to Huajing Glass Factory and beat off a wave of enemy charges many times. At dawn, Chai Yixin led the troops into Fuping Street and bravely broke through the north gate. When he launched the final charge in front of Chunshen Tomb (now Changde Store in Zhu Min Street), he was unfortunately shot and died heroically.

1943 65438+at 8: 00 am on February 3, Changde fell. On the evening of 7th 12, Mr. Yu Chengwan left the remnants of 169 regiment and a regiment of 17 1 1, and a total of more than 100 men held their positions. He led two regiments, Sun Jinxian and Ding Du, and fifty or sixty people from two regiments, and broke through to Deshan in the middle of the night to meet the reinforcements of the 58th Army. The next day, Yu Chengwan led 32 regiments to counterattack Changde, which was recovered on the same day. However, in the middle of the celebration dinner that day, Chiang Kai-shek sent someone to take him away on the grounds of disobeying military orders and ordered him to be tried by a military court. Sun Lianzhong interceded with Wang. Yu Chengwan was sentenced to two years' imprisonment. Before serving his sentence, Wang pleaded with the Military Justice Department and released Bao.

A novel is very famous in China.

In order to commemorate this battle, Yu Chengwan felt that he, as the deceased, had the responsibility to record those heroic deeds, so he sent someone to find the famous writer Zhang Henshui, hoping that he could write down the touching stories of the "samurai" army. Zhang Henshui was very excited by the heroic deeds of patriotic soldiers, but he didn't expect to write a military anti-Japanese war novel with them at that time. Zhang Henshui loves feathers and doesn't know much about military affairs, so he declined to go to the battlefield, but he couldn't resist the eagerness of the anti-Japanese heroes. He promised to take a long-term view and talk about it in the future. The anti-Japanese hero stayed not far from Zhang Henshui, and then he often came to chat with Zhang Henshui and became friends over time. A few months later, he brought up the old story again. In this way, it is hard to say no to Zhang Henshui in public and private, so I have to read the materials first and then write when I have time. By 1944 1 1 month, Zhang Henshui had resigned from his hometown, so he took time to read some materials. /kloc-in the spring of 0/945, he formally wrote Long Live Tiger Ben. In the preface, he vaguely stated the real reason for his refusal and the experience of being moved:

When I write novels, I always get more exposure than praise, but there is one exception in this book, which has little exposure. In the battle of Changde, the defenders can't say that they have no weaknesses, but we know that these 8 thousand people really did their best. A division killed only 83 people while guarding the city. This is something hard to find in the history of the Sino-Japanese War. I hope this book will be passed down through the heroic spirit of the martyrs of the 57th Division, so that the next generation and future generations will no longer have the slightest bad impression and change my style.

After the novel was finished, Yu Chengwan was very happy, and specially sent someone to send him a rather generous thank-you note, but Zhang Henshui didn't accept it. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Yu Chengwan invited Zhang Henshui to dinner in Nanjing, but he accepted a gift: a combat knife captured from Japanese prisoners.

There is a little anecdote about "Long live the samurai". After the publication of this book, the 57th Division became famous in China, and the popularity of Yu Chengwan was greatly improved. A beautiful Suzhou lady read this book and fell in love with Yu Chengwan, so she hired someone to be a matchmaker. Coincidentally, just after Mrs. Yu died, Miss Suzhou actually became the new Mrs. Yu.

Be led by the nose to rebel

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Yu Chengwan, who was released, was arranged to be trained in the military service class of the Central Training Corps, and became the commander of the East Guangdong Division one month later. At this time, the newly established Yunnan 26 th Army did nothing in the face of the harassment of the PLA guerrillas. Both commanders have been transferred, and no one wants to take over this mess. When Yu Chengwan saw the opportunity, he voluntarily jumped into this "fire pit" and found a way to clean up this mess. In fact, Yu Chengwan is not confident that he can solve the Yunnan problem, so let's talk about it first. So he took over the army in April 1948. The army has 30 thousand people and is well equipped. I am quite proud, and often call myself "Southern Sky Barrier". During this period, he used the money obtained from his position to let his wife settle in Hong Kong. At this time, Yu Chengwan has decided his own way out. He is tired of war and wants to find a safe place to spend the rest of his life.

However, at this time in Yunnan, there are many crises. After Long Yun, the former "Yunnan King", surrendered in Japan, his officers and men were sent to Vietnam to surrender. Chiang Kai-shek took Long Yun from his own territory and forcibly sent him to Chongqing, giving him the vacant position of "Speaker of the Military Senate". Long Yun's subordinate, Yi general Lu Han, succeeded him as chairman of the Yunnan provincial government. However, Lu Han has always been at odds with Chiang Kai-shek, and the local forces represented by him have always been at loggerheads with the central forces represented by He Shaozhou (the son of He).

After Yu Chengwan entered Yunnan, the civil war was in an emergency, and the rest of the troops fled everywhere, only to save a few big cities and several traffic lines, and there was nothing they could do about "beyond the mountain" (liberated areas). 1948 12, Long Yun broke away from Chiang's control, announced the uprising in August of the following year, and wrote to Lu Han to persuade him to revolt. 1949 65438+On February 9th, Lu Han invited seven central officials, including Yu Chengwan, to his house for a meeting, took the opportunity to put him under house arrest, and forced Yu Chengwan to sign a telegram supporting the uprising, which was published in the newspaper the next day. It is said that Li Mi, commander of the Eighth Army who was under house arrest at that time, was so anxious that he committed suicide by jumping off a building. After being pulled down, he cursed: "Shit, if we want an uprising, we won't get up ourselves. We have to wait for others to pull our noses! " Yu Chengwan thinks the same way as Li Mi. After the house arrest, he picked up the removed medals and badges, kept them and put them in the wastebasket for reuse.

A few days later, the leaderless 26 th Army attacked Kunming to save the "old army commander". In Kunming, Lu Han gave orders to stop the attack and promised to give the 26th Army several conditions to surrender. It is said that Yu was tempted by this. He called a meeting of his subordinates. After the meeting, Lu Han was officially enabled to temporarily make new seals for the Tenth Army, and at the same time, the central personnel of the army were dismissed, and each person was given five silver dollars to make them escape. However, the morale of the 26 th Army was greatly increased, and some people simply did not accept the result. Yu Chengwan is very helpless. At this time, Taiwan Province Province ordered the 26th Army to counterattack Kunming. However, Yu Chengwan was able to procrastinate and never took action. 1950 1, Taiwan Province Province ordered Yu to take the Chiang Kai-shek's special plane "Meiling" and take off from Sanya Airport in Hainan Province to report to Taiwan Province Province. 1950 65438+1At the beginning of October, he flew to Taiwan Province Province and went to Hong Kong to reunite with his wife and children on the pretext of going back to the mainland to fight a guerrilla war.