Common sense of dangerous chemicals transportation

1. What are the points for attention in road transportation safety of dangerous chemicals?

Hazardous chemicals are flammable, explosive, toxic and easy to pollute. Once an accident occurs in transportation, it may lead to serious accidents and the consequences are unimaginable.

At the same time, it brings considerable difficulty to rescue, and it is also extremely difficult to treat and recycle. It is worth pointing out that the vast majority of casualties are not drivers and passengers, but innocent villagers and passers-by in the accident area.

This kind of accident should be highly valued. How to transport hazardous chemicals safely? Taking the common iron drum packaging and transportation as an example, we should pay attention to six aspects.

Know the characteristics of goods. When transporting dangerous chemicals, special vehicles must be used. Do not abuse some vehicles that do not meet the safety requirements or mix some other goods. Drivers should master certain chemical knowledge, have a general understanding of the chemicals loaded, and become semi-"experts".

Before the product is shipped, the production enterprise should explain the physical and chemical properties of the goods to the driver, and pay attention to matters, such as the specific gravity, flash point, toxicity and expansion coefficient of the product. For example, epichlorohydrin transported in barrels has a large expansion coefficient and is flammable. When filling, a new barrel must be used, and the barrel should be full, leaving no space.

In summer, it is necessary to install shed poles on the car and build awnings to facilitate air circulation and avoid direct sunlight. It is necessary to apply to the relevant departments for a dangerous goods transport permit, hang a small yellow flag and write the words "dangerous goods" for people to identify.

In addition, you should bring the sealing ring of the barrel cover, wet sacks, a small amount of sand, special wrenches, dry powder fire extinguishers, etc. Just in case. Scientific loading should be well prepared before actually engaging in the transportation of dangerous chemicals. In fact, it is a process of testing the driver's sense of responsibility. We should be careful from the beginning.

Barreled hazardous chemicals seem simple, but they are actually very particular. The loading should be symmetrical and balanced, so as to achieve one car and one cargo; Hazardous chemicals shall not be mixed to avoid chemical reaction after leakage; There should be no gap between barrels, and the gap should be filled with waste paper board or woven bag; The exhaust pipe should be equipped with a flame arrester; If it is an iron floor car, it should also be covered with a layer of straw bag or reed to avoid slipping during driving; It is also necessary to bind the goods into a whole with ropes and fix them to ensure firm loading.

Don't be impatient when driving in a balanced way. The most reliable responsibility for the transportation of dangerous goods is Mount Tai, which requires drivers to be not only technically competent, but also patient. When driving, drivers should "give way first" and take the initiative to avoid all kinds of vehicles; Avoid potholes, do not drive hero cars or angry cars; Try to use emergency brakes as little as possible to keep the goods stable and make the vehicles move smoothly.

It is worth noting that no matter what kind of chemical products are transported, tarpaulins should be covered to prevent cigarette butts from flying out of the carriage at traffic meetings. Frequent accident inspections on the road reveal that the hidden danger of dangerous goods transportation begins with leakage. Due to the bump of the vehicle during driving, the package is easy to be damaged, and the damage is often concentrated in three "points": first, the lid of the barrel is not tightened or the sealing ring is invalid; Second, the weld of the iron drum and the reinforcement of the drum are damaged by friction; The third is the displacement of the bottom of the bucket during driving.

Therefore, every two hours of driving, check whether there is anything overflowing on the cover. Drivers should pay attention to the fact that liquid will expand in hot season. When replacing the sealing ring, wait until the gas is released before opening it, so as to avoid emergency liquid spraying on it and injuring people.

Don't be careless in the choice of road conditions. The route should be suitable for transporting dangerous chemicals. We should choose trunk roads with smooth roads, such as national highways and expressways, instead of taking complicated roads. Drive away from towns and residential areas. If it is necessary to pass, check it again to make sure it is safe and leak-free, and then pass the customs.

You can't park, rest or eat in city streets and densely populated areas. Especially when transporting hazardous chemicals in tank trucks, drivers should try to rest during the day and drive at night to prevent liquid from swelling.

Avoid the rush hours of vehicles and people when driving. In case of leakage and personal strength cannot be recovered, you should drive to an open area quickly, away from people and water sources.

In the event of a traffic accident, it is necessary to expand the scope of isolation and report to the relevant departments immediately. Be careful when unloading. Don't go from beginning to end to prevent pollution. Hazardous chemicals are toxic and corrosive. If you don't pay attention, it is easy to pollute the environment, especially liquid products, and it is easy to pollute land and water.

After long-distance transportation, the outer packaging is damaged to a certain extent, so special attention should be paid when unloading. Where there is no dedicated platform, a springboard or batten should be paved, and the bucket should be slowly landed with a rope, or the bottom of the waste tire should be used as a buffer.

And inform the owner that the dangerous goods should be put on hold for a period of time, and then used after various performances are stable. In addition, if there are signs of leakage in the compartment after unloading, don't rush to clean it. Clean it with sawdust or sand, let it dry and evaporate, and then rinse it with water away from water to avoid polluting the environment.

There are many new regulations on the transportation of "hazardous chemicals". What should I pay attention to?

When going through the formalities of entering and leaving the factory, the security personnel should strictly go through the formalities of entering and leaving the factory, register the foreign vehicles, fill in the registration form clearly and in detail, and carefully record the types of goods and the time of entering and leaving the factory.

Fireworks, firecrackers and inflammable and explosive articles are strictly prohibited for vehicles entering the factory. Vehicles entering and leaving the gate can only be released after being signed by the company escort. The loading and unloading operation requires unified command at the 1 job site, with clear and fixed command signals to prevent accidents due to chaotic operation.

Handling personnel and machine operators at the work site should strictly abide by labor discipline and obey orders. Non-loading and unloading personnel are not allowed to stay at the job site.

2. For all kinds of loading and unloading equipment, specific safety technical operation procedures must be formulated and operated by trained full-time personnel to prevent accidents. Before loading and unloading dangerous goods, we must strictly implement the operating rules and relevant regulations, make preparations in advance, and carefully check the loading and unloading tools and operating equipment.

After the work, the contaminated materials on the tools must be removed to prevent the chemical reaction caused by the conflicting materials. Tools operated with oxidant must be cleaned before use.

4 when loading and unloading, people should do what they can, cooperate and coordinate, and don't risk illegal operations. Handle dangerous goods with care to prevent collision, friction and vibration.

Liquid iron drums should not be packed and unpacked by fast sliding to prevent packaging damage. If the damaged package can be repaired, it must be moved to a safe place and transported after renovation. Tools that may cause sparks shall not be used during renovation.

6 items scattered on the ground should be removed in time. For the wastes that have been cleaned and have no use value, appropriate physical or chemical methods should be adopted to ensure safety.

7 Two substances with conflicting properties shall not be loaded and unloaded at the same time. For materials that are afraid of heat and humidity, heat insulation and moisture-proof measures should be taken during loading and unloading.

Personal protection requirements 1 Operators are not allowed to wear shoes with nails. According to different hazard characteristics, corresponding protective equipment should be worn respectively.

Pay more attention to toxic and corrosive substances and breathe fresh air properly after operation for a period of time to avoid poisoning accidents. After the operation, the protective articles should be cleaned or disinfected to ensure personal safety.

All kinds of protective equipment should be stored and kept by designated personnel. Wash hands, face, gargle and shower in time after loading and unloading.

Don't eat, drink or smoke on the way, keep the air circulating at the scene to prevent the skin and mucous membrane from being polluted. Clear water, soda water and dilute acetic acid should be available at the loading and unloading site for emergency use.

If the loading and unloading personnel have dizziness, headache and other poisoning phenomena, they should give first aid according to the rescue knowledge, and in severe cases, they should be sent to the hospital immediately. Safety precautions for handling all kinds of chemicals 1 compressed gas and liquefied gas cylinders for storing compressed gas and liquefied gas are pressure vessels. During loading and unloading operations, it should be lifted or transported by truck to prevent collision, dragging and falling, and sliding and rolling are not allowed; Check whether the cylinder valve leaks before handling. Don't aim the cylinder valve at people when handling, and pay attention to prevent the cylinder helmet from falling. Wear anti-virus appliances when loading and unloading toxic gas cylinders; Poisonous gas cylinders should be careful about air leakage to prevent people from inhaling toxic gas; When handling oxygen cylinders, work clothes and loading and unloading tools shall not be stained with oil; Flammable gas is strictly forbidden to contact kindling, and the handling operation should be arranged in the morning and evening when the weather is cool in hot season.

Flammable liquid has low flash point, rapid vaporization and high vapor pressure, and is easy to mix with air to form explosive mixture. When the concentration in the air reaches a certain range, not only flame can cause fire or steam explosion, but other sparks, sparks or heating surfaces can also make it burn or explode. Therefore, the following points must be paid attention to in loading and unloading operations: ventilation should be carried out before indoor loading and unloading operations; Black metal tools should not be used when handling, and reliable protection measures should be taken when they must be used; Loading and unloading machinery should be equipped with protective devices to prevent sparks; Handling must be handled with care, and rolling, friction and dragging are strictly prohibited; In summer, transportation should be arranged in the cool time in the morning and evening, and anti-skid measures should be taken in rainy and snowy days; Tank car transportation should have grounding chain.

Flammable solids have low ignition point, are sensitive to heat, impact and friction, are easily ignited by external fire sources, burn rapidly, and may release toxic gases. During loading and unloading, except for handling flammable liquids, its operators are forbidden to wear shoes with nails, and cannot carry them together with oxidants and acids.

The powder scattered on the ground and in the carriage during handling should be wiped clean immediately. Tie it tightly when transporting, so as not to shake it.

4. Substances that burn in water will react violently when they interact, releasing a lot of toxic gases and heat. Because the reaction is extremely rapid, a lot of gas and heat are released during the reaction, and the released combustible gas can quickly reach the explosion limit in the surrounding air. Once exposed to an open flame or due to spontaneous combustion, it will cause an explosion. Therefore, the following points should be done in handling and loading operations: pay attention to waterproof and moisture-proof, and it is strictly forbidden to work in rainy and snowy days without rain-proof facilities; If you sweat, you should dry it in time, and you must never come into direct contact with substances that burn in water; Do not roll, bump, rub or dump during loading and unloading, handle with care; Deflate the calcium carbide bucket in advance before handling, so that the acetylene gas in the bucket is exhausted, and then move; It must be carried by two people, and barrel rolling, replay, collision and friction are prohibited to prevent sparks; Workers must stand on the side of the barrel to avoid rushing to the surface or bottom of the calcium carbide barrel to prevent explosion and personal injury; Do not mix with other types of dangerous chemicals. In addition to the above provisions, the oxidizer shall be shipped separately, and shall not be mixed with acids, organic substances and articles that spontaneously ignite when wet, and are flammable and explosive. Generally, oxidants must not be mixed with peroxides.

6 Poisons and corrosive substances, especially highly toxic substances, can cause local * * * or poisoning if a small amount enters the human body or comes into contact with the skin. Corrosive substances are highly corrosive, which can not only do harm to human body, animals and plants, fiber products, metals, etc. , and even cause burning.

Safety Precautions for Drivers and Escorters of Hazardous Chemicals Logistics Transportation Article 37 of the Regulations on Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals stipulates: "Hazardous chemicals transportation enterprises shall train their drivers, crew members, loading and unloading management personnel and escort personnel in safety knowledge; Drivers, crew members, loading and unloading management personnel and escorts must be responsible.

3. Requirements for dangerous chemicals transport vehicles

Safety requirements for vehicles transporting dangerous chemicals (1) Vehicles transporting dangerous chemicals shall not use metal carriages to prevent accidents caused by friction and vibration.

If necessary, reliable protective measures should be implemented. (2) The baffle of the transport vehicle should be firm, stable and reliable, so as to ensure that the articles will not slide when turning.

The loading height of hazardous chemicals shall not exceed the height of the vehicle baffle. The floor of the carriage should be flat, dense and seamless, so as to avoid leakage of liquefied hazardous chemicals and contact friction with the transmission shaft and fire.

(3) When transporting dangerous chemicals in midsummer, transportation vehicles should have sunshade measures or other protective measures, or restrict transportation at night. Rain-proof facilities, such as tarpaulins, should be provided when transporting wet flammable items.

(4) Transport vehicles should be equipped with corresponding fire-fighting equipment and protective first-aid supplies according to the nature of hazardous chemicals for emergency use. Usually, 12 1 1, carbon dioxide or dry powder fire extinguishers can be hung in or near the cab.

These fire-fighting equipment and protective first-aid supplies should be inspected regularly. If leakage, damage, deformation or weight loss are found, and the barrel is shaking with noise, it should be repaired or replaced immediately to ensure that it is in good condition at any time. (5) Transport vehicles should hang a special signal flag printed with the words "Dangerous Goods" uniformly stipulated by the public security department on the front or obvious position of the vehicle to attract the attention of other vehicles with obvious and eye-catching signs.

Irrelevant personnel are not allowed to take vehicles containing flammable, explosive or highly toxic chemicals. (6) When the flammable liquid is transported by tank car, the top of the tank car should have a flame arrester.

Safety requirements for vehicles transporting dangerous chemicals (1) Vehicles transporting dangerous chemicals shall not use metal carriages to prevent accidents caused by friction and vibration. If necessary, reliable protective measures should be implemented.

(2) The baffle of the transport vehicle should be firm, stable and reliable, so as to ensure that the articles will not slide when turning. The loading height of hazardous chemicals shall not exceed the height of the vehicle baffle.

The floor of the carriage should be flat, dense and seamless, so as to avoid leakage of liquefied hazardous chemicals and contact friction with the transmission shaft and fire. (3) When transporting dangerous chemicals in midsummer, transportation vehicles should have sunshade measures or other protective measures, or restrict transportation at night.

Rain-proof facilities, such as tarpaulins, should be provided when transporting wet flammable items. (4) Transport vehicles should be equipped with corresponding fire-fighting equipment and protective first-aid supplies according to the nature of hazardous chemicals for emergency use.

Usually, 12 1 1, carbon dioxide or dry powder fire extinguishers can be hung in or near the cab. These fire-fighting equipment and protective first-aid supplies should be inspected regularly. If leakage, damage, deformation or weight loss are found, and the barrel is shaking with noise, it should be repaired or replaced immediately to ensure that it is in good condition at any time.

(5) Transport vehicles should hang a special signal flag with the word "dangerous goods" uniformly stipulated by the public security department at the front or obvious position of the vehicle to attract the attention of other vehicles with obvious and eye-catching signs. Irrelevant personnel are not allowed to take vehicles containing flammable, explosive or highly toxic chemicals.

(6) When transporting flammable liquid by tank car, the top of tank car should have flame arrester and breathing valve; The bottom is provided with a device for guiding and removing static electricity; The exhaust pipe should be covered with a fire (star) cover and located at the front of the carriage (flammable liquid loading and unloading operations are generally at the rear and side of the carriage); Several metal plates should be separated in the tank to make the tank rigid enough to reduce the static electricity caused by the violent shaking and friction of the liquid when the vehicle is running; The electric ignition system of vehicles should ensure good contact and perfection to prevent accidents caused by electric sparks. (7) When loading and unloading liquefied petroleum gas with a tank truck, besides the tank body of the tank truck should meet the relevant requirements of inspection, flaw detection and pressure test, it should also be equipped with fire safety facilities such as safety valve, pressure gauge, liquid level gauge, over-current valve, emergency cut-off valve, anti-static grounding chain and fire emergency extinguisher. Meet the safety requirements, and should be checked regularly to make it in good condition at any time.

1) Safety technology and requirements for transportation of dangerous chemicals Accidents are common. It is of great significance to fully understand the safe transportation of chemicals and master the relevant regulations on the safe transportation of chemicals. 1. The state implements a qualification system for the transportation of dangerous chemicals. Without qualification, no dangerous chemicals may be transported.

2. To consign dangerous goods, you must show relevant certificates and go through the formalities at the designated railway, transportation, shipping and other departments. The consigned goods must conform to the names listed on the consignment note, and the consigned dangerous goods not listed in the national name list should be accompanied by the technical appraisal certificate examined and approved by the superior competent department.

3. Handling personnel of dangerous goods should wear corresponding protective articles according to the nature of dangerous goods. When loading and unloading, it must be lightly loaded and unloaded. No dragging, weighing and rubbing, and the packaging container shall not be damaged. Pay attention to signs and stack them safely. 4. Before loading and unloading dangerous goods, necessary ventilation and cleaning shall be carried out for the loading and unloading tools of vehicles (ships), and no residue shall be left. Cars (ships) loaded with toxic substances must be cleaned after unloading.

5. When transporting explosive, toxic, radioactive, flammable liquid, flammable gas and other articles, vehicles that meet the safety requirements must be used: it is forbidden to transport explosives by battery cars, dump trucks, forklifts and bicycles. When transporting strong oxidants, explosives and a class of flammable liquids packed in iron drums, iron-bottomed cars and car trailers are not allowed without reliable safety measures; Forklifts, forklifts and dump trucks are prohibited from loading and unloading inflammable and explosive liquefied gas and other dangerous goods; When transporting dangerous goods such as liquefied gas and flammable liquids in high temperature areas, there should be sun protection facilities; The transport of radioactive materials should use special transport vehicles and lifting frames, and the load of loading and unloading machinery should be reduced by 25% according to regulations; It is forbidden to use small motor boats, small wooden boats and cement boats to carry flammable and toxic substances when running in water.

6. When transporting explosive, highly toxic and radioactive materials, a special person shall be appointed to escort them, and the number of escorts shall not be less than 2. 7. Vehicles transporting dangerous goods must maintain a safe speed and distance, and overtaking, speeding and forced passage are strictly prohibited.

The driving route for transporting dangerous goods must be approved by the local public security traffic management department in advance and transported according to the designated route and time. Driving and stopping in busy streets are not allowed. 8. Motor vehicles transporting inflammable and explosive articles should be equipped with flame arresters in their exhaust pipes and hung with "Dangerous Goods" signs.

9. The transport of bulk solid dangerous goods shall take measures such as fire prevention, explosion prevention, waterproof, dustproof and sunshade according to the nature. 10. It is forbidden to transport highly toxic chemicals in closed waters such as inland rivers.

4. What are the requirements for the qualification certificate of hazardous chemicals transportation?

The driver of road dangerous goods transport shall meet the following conditions:

(a) to obtain the corresponding motor vehicle driver's license;

(two) the age is not more than 60 years old;

(3) No major traffic accidents within 3 years;

(four) to obtain the qualification of road passenger transport or cargo transport driver for more than 2 years;

(five) to accept the training of relevant laws and regulations, safety knowledge, professional technology, occupational health protection and emergency rescue knowledge, and to understand the nature, hazard characteristics, use characteristics of packaging containers and emergency measures in case of accidents;

(6) Having passed the examination and obtained the corresponding qualification certificate.

5. How to deal with dangerous chemicals?

Description of Classification of Hazardous Chemicals (1) Explosives: These articles are easy to burn and explode. When exposed to external influences such as high temperature, vibration, friction and impact. , or contact with acid, alkali, violent chemical reaction, produce a lot of gas and heat, gas rapid expansion, causing an explosion.

According to its nature, it is divided into four items: ① the ignition equipment includes different fuse and ignition rope; (2) Initiating equipment includes different detonating cords and detonators; (3) Explosives and explosive drugs include * * (TNT), nitroglycerin mixed explosives, black powder, ammonium nitrate explosives, sodium azide, etc. ④ Other explosives include shotgun bullets, fireworks and firecrackers. (2) Oxidants have strong oxidizability and may conflict with each other among specific varieties.

Except for some organic oxidizer, it does not burn, but under certain conditions, substances that are subjected to friction, vibration and impact, high heat or acid and alkali can decompose, burn and explode when they come into contact with flammable substances, organic substances, reducing agents and articles with contradictory properties when wet. Amine oxidants can be divided into four categories according to their properties: ① Primary inorganic oxidants include chlorates and perchlorates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (such as potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, etc. ), peroxide (such as potassium peroxide, sodium peroxide, etc. ) and nitrates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (such as potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate). ); ② The first kind of organic oxidizer includes organic derivatives of hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid (such as dibenzoyl peroxide and guanidine nitrate); ③ Secondary inorganic oxidants include dichromate and nitrite (such as ammonium dichromate, potassium dichromate, sodium dichromate, potassium nitrite and sodium nitrite). ); ④ Secondary organic oxidizer includes peracetic acid, Chenopodium ambrosioides oil, etc.

For the safety of storage, on the basis of the above two levels and four items, it is divided into seven small items: inorganic derivatives of methyl hydrogen peroxide (such as potassium peroxide, sodium peroxide, etc.). ); Chloroethane, bromate, iodate, periodate, perchlorate, etc. Propane nitrate (ammonium nitrate stored separately); Adjudicators: manganate and dichromate; Amyl nitrite; Persulfate and perborate; Organic derivatives of heptyl hydrogen peroxide and organic derivatives of nitric acid. Compressed gas and liquefied gas are compressed into compressed gas or liquefied gas and stored in a pressurized container. Regardless of their nature, this article has the characteristics of thermal expansion. If the internal pressure is greater than the bearing pressure limit of the container, or the container is damaged by impact, it will cause the danger of explosion and combustion.

Some of them are also toxic, which can be divided into four categories according to their nature: ① Highly toxic gases include hydrogen cyanide, liquid chlorine and liquid ammonia. ② Combustible gases include acetylene gas, ethane, hydrogen, etc. ③ Combustion-supporting gas includes oxygen, etc. ④ Noncombustible gases include neon, argon, helium, nitrogen, etc. Spontaneous combustion articles, although not in contact with open flames in the air at a proper temperature, will generate heat through their own decomposition and oxidation, reaching the ignition point of the articles and causing combustion.

According to its properties, it can be divided into two categories: ① a kind of spontaneous combustion articles decomposes or oxidizes violently in the air, and can burn quickly when reaching the self-ignition point (such as yellow phosphorus and nitrocellulose tablets); (2) The secondary spontaneous combustion articles are slowly oxidized in the air, and the accumulated heat does not disperse, reaching the self-ignition point of the articles and causing spontaneous combustion (such as oilcloth and its products, oil paper and its products, oil silk and its products, cotton, hemp, wool, silk and wild fibers soaked in vegetable oil, etc.). Flammable articles in contact with water These articles can decompose rapidly in contact with water or in humid air, giving off high heat and producing flammable and explosive gases, thus causing combustion and explosion. According to its activity in contact with water, it can be divided into two categories: ① One kind of combustible materials reacts violently in contact with water, producing hydrogen or other combustible gases (such as metal potassium, metal sodium and calcium carbide) that cause combustion and explosion; (2) Class II combustible substances react slowly with water, producing combustible gas and causing combustion (such as zinc powder and sodium hydrosulfite, etc.). ).

Flammable liquid All substances exist in liquid form at room temperature and are easy to burn and volatilize; Its flash point is below 45℃, so it is easy to belong to this kind of articles. Flammable liquids and their vapors are generally toxic, and some have anesthetic effects. According to its properties, it can be divided into two categories: ① a kind of flammable liquid is easy to burn and volatilize, and its flash point is below 28℃; Source: ② The secondary flammable liquid is easy to burn and volatilize, and its flash point is above 28℃ and below 45℃.

Combustible liquid with flash point of 45~65℃ is not included, but it has certain combustion danger and should be kept strictly. Flammable solids have a low ignition point and are easily oxidized.

In case of heat, fire, collision or friction, contact with oxidant and strong acid can cause violent combustion or explosion, and a large number of toxic and harmful gases are released during combustion. According to its flammability, it can be divided into two types: ① A kind of flammable solid has low ignition point, is easy to burn and explode, and has fast burning speed, and can release a large number of highly toxic gases (such as nitrocellulose and red phosphorus) when burning; (2) The combustion performance of the secondary combustible solid is lower than that of the primary combustible solid, but it is also easy to burn, and toxic gases (such as sulfur, naphthalene, aluminum powder, etc. ) is released during combustion. Poison is highly toxic. When a small amount invades human body, animal body or comes into contact with skin, it can cause local poisoning and even death. Toxic substances are exposed through mouth or skin, and the lethal dose (LD50) of biological test is below 50mg/kg, and human body inhales gaseous toxic substances. The lethal dose (CL50) by inhalation is 4h, and the concentration is below 2mg/L, which can cause death.

According to its nature, it can be divided into four categories: ① inorganic drama drugs, such as potassium cyanide (sodium) and arsenous acid; ② Organic drama drugs such as dicarboxylic acid sulfate and tricresyl phosphate; (3) inorganic drugs such as barium chloride and sodium fluoride; ④ Organic drugs such as carbon tetrachloride and furfural. Corrosive articles This kind of articles is very corrosive, and it will be corroded and damaged when it comes into contact with other articles, and it will burn when it comes into contact with human body, which is difficult to handle.

According to its properties, it can be divided into eight items: ① a kind of inorganic acid corrosive substances, such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid; ② corrosive substances of first-class organic acids such as formic acid and chloral; ③ corrosive substances of secondary inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid; ④ corrosive substances of secondary organic acids such as glacial acetic acid and chloroacetic acid; ⑤ Inorganic alkaline corrosive substances such as caustic soda and sodium sulfide; 6. Organic alkaline corrosive substances, such as sodium methoxide and diethanolamine; ⑥ Inorganic substances and other corrosive substances such as floating objects.

6. What are the requirements for the qualification certificate of hazardous chemicals transportation?

Regulations on the administration of road transport practitioners

Article 9 A driver of commercial road passenger transport shall meet the following conditions:

(a) to obtain the corresponding motor vehicle driver's license 1 year or more;

(two) the age is not more than 60 years old;

(3) No major traffic accidents within 3 years;

(four) to master the basic knowledge of road passenger transport regulations, motor vehicle maintenance and passenger first aid;

(5) Having passed the examination and obtained the corresponding qualification certificate.

Eleventh road dangerous goods transport drivers shall meet the following conditions:

(a) to obtain the corresponding motor vehicle driver's license;

(two) the age is not more than 60 years old;

(3) No major traffic accidents within 3 years;

(four) to obtain the qualification of road passenger transport or cargo transport driver for more than 2 years;

(five) to accept the training of relevant laws and regulations, safety knowledge, professional technology, occupational health protection and emergency rescue knowledge, and to understand the nature, hazard characteristics, use characteristics of packaging containers and emergency measures in case of accidents;

(6) Having passed the examination and obtained the corresponding qualification certificate.

7. How to strengthen the safety management of dangerous chemicals transportation?

With the rapid development of economic construction, the scope of use of hazardous chemicals is getting wider and wider, and the transportation business of hazardous chemicals is also increasing.

I. Importance of hazardous chemicals

With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the types and quantities of dangerous goods are increasing in the process of social production and circulation. Chemicals have different properties due to different molecular structures and elemental compositions, among which chemicals that are explosive, flammable, toxic, corrosive and radioactive are also called dangerous goods. The definition given in the Classification and Commodity Name Number of Dangerous Goods is that "all goods that are explosive, flammable, toxic, corrosive and radioactive, which are easy to cause personal injury and property loss during transportation, loading, unloading and storage, and need special protection are dangerous goods.

Second, the characteristics of dangerous chemicals transportation

Dangerous goods are generally industrial raw materials or products. Because of its special physical and chemical properties, the corresponding rules must be observed in the process of contact and treatment to avoid accidents and disasters. Its transportation is a highly technical and professional job. Its main characteristics are: various types, different properties, great danger, many rules and regulations in transportation management, and strong professionalism. The transportation of dangerous goods should not only meet the transportation conditions of general goods, but also meet the special transportation conditions according to the physical and chemical properties of goods to prevent overloading and speeding from endangering traffic safety. Its professionalism is mainly manifested as: franchise, special vehicles and professionals.

Three, the problems existing in the transportation safety management of dangerous chemicals

Compared with the four links of production, management, storage and use, the transportation of hazardous chemicals is in a state of cross-regional flow, with the most problems and accidents, which can be summarized as follows. 1, the quality of transportation employees is not high, they lack the necessary common sense of dangerous goods, and they are not handled properly in an emergency and the measures are not effective. One-sided pursuit of profits is serious, safety is not put first, and interests are valued over safety. Some people with transport qualifications transport dangerous goods as ordinary goods, and they don't know much about the nature and harm of the goods. After a leakage accident, they can't rescue them, delaying the rescue opportunity and causing serious consequences. 2. Weak emergency measures. Due to the lack of scientificity and professionalism in the current emergency mechanism, disharmony is easy to occur in the handling. The main manifestations are as follows: First, the emergency rescue is scattered, the emergency command functions overlap, and there are problems such as unclear responsibilities, poor mechanism and weak pertinence, so we can only cooperate; Second, the response is slow and the rescue ability is poor. At present, the rescue forces generally have problems such as insufficient equipment and backward technology, which leads to slow emergency response and low ability; Third, the emergency laws and regulations are not perfect, and the operability of the emergency plan is not strong, so it is difficult to carry out emergency in an orderly manner, which is mainly reflected in the insufficient demand analysis of the emergency plan, the inconvenience of the framework and hierarchical management of the emergency plan, the unclear and inaccurate functions such as target responsibility, and the lack of effective and targeted emergency drills.

Four. Countermeasures and measures to strengthen the management of road hazardous chemicals transportation 1. Strengthen the qualification of transportation enterprises and establish a unified and standardized industry standard for dangerous goods transportation. 2, improve the transportation conditions, improve the level of transportation technology. 3, strengthen technical training, improve the overall level of employees. 4. Establish and improve various rules and regulations, and implement the safety responsibility system. 5, department transportation management, information interaction, give full play to the role of functional departments, strengthen the supervision of road dangerous goods transport vehicles. (Cui Changqing)