How is the rubber industry in China?

China rubber's industry, which has experienced a hundred years of wind and rain, has shown distinct regional characteristics and characteristics of the times from the early stage of development. In the early years of the Republic of China, Guangzhou, which was in the embryonic stage of national industry and commerce, won the first prize; In the middle of last century, the three northeastern provinces with the highest economic growth rate in Asia gave birth to the largest rubber industrial base at that time, and Shanghai with foreign capital thinking took the lead in "going to the whole country"; At the beginning of the new century, the tire industry cluster in Dawang Town, Guangrao, Shandong Province and the rubber industry cluster in Taocheng, Hengshui are the best footnotes for the rise of private economy. On the centenary of china rubber's industry, let's review the development track of these rubber towns.

Hengshui

The first of engineering rubber

Hengshui industrial cluster has made the domestic engineering rubber industry, and engineering rubber has made Taocheng District of Hengshui City, Hebei Province famous all over the country.

Hengshui engineering rubber has been applied in more than 80% infrastructure projects in China, such as new roads, railways, bridges and culverts, water conservancy, light rail and buildings. The engineering rubber products produced by Hengshui have been used in Shantou Bay Bridge, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Nanjing Second Yangtze River Bridge, National Grand Theatre, National Stadium (Bird's Nest) and other major projects. In the words of Ju Hongzhen, former president of China Rubber Industry Association, "It is meaningless to talk about engineering rubber without Hengshui and Taocheng District."

Hengshui, as the first engineering rubber base in China, has the earliest engineering rubber research and development base in China. Its products cover five series 100 varieties, including plate rubber bearings, basin rubber bearings, ball bearings, rubber waterstops and bridge expansion joints.

But back in 2000, there were more than 1.200 engineering rubber production and distribution enterprises in Taocheng District, but there was no perfect professional circulation market. Enterprises have to trade in Henan, Yunnan and other places, and the cost and market risk are great. Problems and contradictions such as large group, small scale, serious shortage of investment in scientific research and development, and persistent malicious competition in the industry are outstanding. The traditional characteristic industry Hengshui engineering rubber has come to a crossroads.

In fact, enterprises here have long had the need to establish local markets. However, a factory and a shop alone can't do this. Every abacus has repeatedly caused Lian Jian to miscarry. As a result, the government took the lead in coordinating the financial sector, enterprises and society to raise more than 90 million yuan to build specialized markets such as Hebei Hengshui Rubber City. This move not only ended the history of "market" in the local rubber industry, but also attracted more than 70 enterprises from outside the region to operate here, and rubber products manufacturers from Henan and Guangdong also came here to discuss transactions and seek information.

In 2002, Hengshui Rubber City, Hebei Province, the largest distribution center of raw and auxiliary materials for rubber chemical industry in China, was built. In 2004, China (Hengshui) Engineering Rubber Industry Manufacturing Base was promoted to national level; From June 5438 to February 2005, the Expo Center of China (Hengshui) Engineering Rubber Industry Manufacturing Base was completed. In 2007, 53 engineering rubber enterprises in the city passed the ISO9000 international quality system certification.

At present, Taocheng District of Hengshui City still attracts the attention of the whole country with five advantages: the largest industrial scale, the most patents, the most complete products, the strongest comprehensive strength and the widest market coverage.

Liaoning province

Once the largest base.

Although the rubber processing industry in Liaoning is not prominent in the country now, it was once the largest rubber industrial base in the country.

192 1 year, Xiesheng Rubber Factory, the prototype of Dalian Rubber General Factory, was established in Dalian. In 1930s, Shenyang, Liaoyang and Dandong were three rubber industrial production areas, and three rubber factories appeared successively: Meng Man Rubber Factory, Fushun Hume Institute of Technology, Dali Rubber Factory and Liaoyang Rubber Factory. Around 1940, the rubber industry in Liaoning entered a period of great development. 194 1 year, with an annual output of 60,000 automobile tires, 60,000 carriage tires, 30 million pairs of rubber shoes and 620,000 bicycle tires, ranking first in the country.

Unfortunately, 1945 the rubber industry in Liaoning was seriously damaged, with more than half of the equipment loss and only 20% of the production capacity. Northeast Rubber Company was founded in 1948, and was later adjusted to 9 rubber factories and 1 rubber machinery factory. Although it has been hit hard, Northeast Rubber Company, the largest rubber enterprise in China, still belongs to Liaoning.

During 1950, Shenyang No.1 Factory, No.2 Factory, No.6 Factory and Liaoyang No.9 Factory were all moved to Mudanjiang and Harbin, and Dandong No.8 Factory was moved to Changchun. At the same time, two local rubber factories moved to Tumen in Jilin and Tieling in northern Liaoning. In this way, 90% of the production materials and 50% of the living materials of Liaoning rubber base have moved to other places; Dandong and Liaoyang bases no longer exist; Shenyang has only three, four, five and seven factories and rubber machinery factories, and its strength is greatly weakened.

1965- 1970, only a few factories in Shenyang moved out. Shenyang No.7 Factory moved to western Liaoning and established Liaoning Chaoyang Tire Factory. The personnel and equipment of Shenyang Rubber Machinery Factory moved to Guilin and Yiyang. Equipment personnel of Shenyang No.3 Factory supported Yinchuan and Guilin, the old factory moved to Shen Xi Industrial Zone after 2000, and the newly established Heping Radial Tire Company 20 12 was acquired by Qingdao Sailun. Shenyang No.4 Factory merged with No.5 Factory on 1958 to form a new No.4 Factory. On 1959, Shenyang Rubber Industry Design and Research Branch was established, and later it was changed to Product Research Institute.

Later, all its civilian production equipment was moved to Shijiazhuang and Tieling, and military rubber products supported Northwest Rubber Factory and Northwest Rubber Industry Research Institute. The special tire research laboratory was separated and became Shuguang Rubber Research Institute. The silicone rubber fluororubber laboratory of Shenyang Rubber Products Research Institute merged with the first room of Beijing Institute to establish the Northwest Rubber Industry Research Institute.

Nowadays, Shenyang, the old base of state-owned rubber industry, not only has no central enterprises, but almost all the former state-owned enterprises have been privatized in the restructuring.

Guangzhou

The birthplace of china rubber industry

Where did the first pair of rubber shoes in China come from? Where did the first condom come from? The answer is Guangzhou. /kloc-The first Guangdong Brothers Gum Company in China, established in Guangzhou 0/00 years ago, became the symbol of the birth of china rubber industry. In its heyday, bicycle and motorcycle tires made in Guangzhou were world-famous. At one time, 8 of the 65,438+00 tires were made in Guangzhou.

193 1 year, Guangzhou rubber industry developed to 15 year. Except Nanqiang, a company with a capital of 654.38+10,000 yuan, all the others were family-owned manual workshops. 1942, exploded to 120. In addition to the slightly larger scale of Dahua rubber, "indigenous gluing" and "fire vulcanization" have become a unique landscape of Guangzhou rubber industry. From 65438 to 0945, there were 200 local small factories in Guangzhou. After several rectifications, the number of factories has decreased, but the backward appearance has not changed.

The inflection point of Guangzhou rubber industry appears in 1964. This year, china rubber Industrial Company set up a branch in Guangzhou, and established a regular base of Guangzhou rubber industry consisting of 12 rubber factory, 1 machinery factory and 1 research institute. Four of them were built in Huaxian County, northern Guangdong Province, which formed a new rubber industrial base in South China and changed the backward appearance of Guangzhou rubber industry.

Later, the branch was restructured into the local Guangzhou Rubber Industry Bureau, and the new Panyu tire industry base-South China Rubber Tire Co., Ltd. was established. However, with the revocation of Guangzhou Rubber Industry Bureau and its name changed to Guangzhou Rubber Industry Company, the nature of the company has changed, and the situation of unified management of various factories and enterprises no longer exists.

100 years later, China has become the largest rubber industry in the world, but the rubber industry in Guangdong is on the decline, and it is difficult to find Guangdong enterprises among the top 100 enterprises in china rubber.

At present, there are only more than 10 rubber enterprises in Guangzhou, most of which are private and foreign. Several cities around Guangzhou have formed a number of rubber industry cluster bases. For example, bicycle tires in Shenzhen, humanoid equipment, tires in Huizhou, shoes in Dongguan, electronic rubber parts in Zhongshan, industrial, agricultural and terrain tires in Meizhou have all reached a considerable scale.

Dongying

China tire capital

"The world tires look at China, China tires look at Shandong, Shandong tires look at Dongying, and Dongying tires look at Guangrao." Although the development of Dongying tire enterprises has encountered some troubles, this jingle is widely circulated and even familiar to outsiders.

There is a Guangrao County in Dongying City, Shandong Province. A "fetal nest" dominated by private enterprises was born here. Every family makes tires, factories become companies, and companies become groups-Guangrao tire enterprises have generally experienced such a process.

Guangrao tire enterprises started around 1994 and 1996, and almost no one cares about their development. In 2002, Guangrao tire industry developed the fastest. Dongying City, where Guangrao was located, built six all-steel radial tire production lines in one breath. These six all-steel radial tire production lines are all from private enterprises, mainly concentrated in Dawang Town and Daozhuang Town, Guangrao County. By 2007, the production capacity of all-steel radial tires in Dongying has reached13.3 million, especially Guangrao tires.

There is a figure that can explain the problem very well: according to local statistics, in 2006, the annual production capacity of Guangrao tires reached 6.5438+million. This is equivalent to the national tire production 1978. That is to say, from the birth of the first dual-money brand automobile tire in 1935, it took China tire enterprises more than 30 years to reach the scale, and Guangrao tire enterprises only took more than ten years. And this is done on the premise that the country has no investment at all.

Although more than 100 Guangrao tire enterprises have their own characteristics, careful analysis shows that they have many similarities. For example, none of these enterprises are invested by the state, some are restructured from the original county-run enterprises, and some are developed by villagers raising funds; Private fund-raising has always been the main source of funds for these enterprises; These enterprises start businesses, and talents rely on digging; These enterprises basically take the road of "export-oriented economy", with raw materials, equipment and sales outside; These enterprises also aim at radial tires and production lines; These enterprises rarely advertise, and the brand effect mainly depends on the user's word of mouth; These enterprises all have family characteristics in management.

Today, Dongying has developed into an important radial tire production base in China, a national rubber tire export base, and a professional demonstration base for foreign trade transformation and upgrading (tires) in Shandong Province, and is known as the tire capital of China.

Shanghai

Fires spread all over the country.

China rubber industry was born in Guangzhou and developed in Shanghai. In the 1940s, there were 130 rubber factories on the Bund in Shanghai, which were distributed in the streets of various districts and became a scene of Shanghai rubber industry. Its density is unique in China and rare in the world. The rubber enterprises here have gone out, radiated the whole country, and embarked on a characteristic development road.

First, Shanghai Zheng Tai Rubber Factory 1943 went south to Guangdong, and established Guangzhou Branch of Zheng Tai Rubber Factory with Xinglong in Guangzhou. Greater China Rubber Factory 1948 went north to Tianjin to buy Tianjin No.2 Chemical Plant. Then, Zheng Tai cooperated with Guangzhou Dahua to produce bicycle tires.

Since 1954, in order to solve the problem of excessive concentration of production plants, Shanghai rubber enterprises have taken measures such as changing careers and embedding besides merger and reorganization. First, transfer more than 10 rubber factories to electronic companies and pen companies. The second is to move some enterprises to the mainland to support rubber blank areas. From 1954- 1965, it is divided into four batches, including people and equipment, from Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Fujian, Guizhou and Shanxi to Lanzhou in the northwest, covering more than 10 regional cities, accounting for14 of Shanghai's production capacity. Shanghai rubber industry has really "gone out", spreading the fire from a place along the coast of Shanghai to the whole country.

In 1980s, Shanghai rubber industry began a new round of diffusion, and 50 joint venture factories were established in suburbs and other provinces and cities, bringing the total number of rubber factories in Shanghai to 342.

After 1990s, a large number of enterprises moved from urban areas to suburban counties, and merged with enterprises from other provinces and cities. Internally, it is transformed into a joint-stock company. For example, the tire company acquired two tire factories in Haikou and Xuzhou to become cross-regional enterprises; The adhesive tape company acquired several adhesive tape factories in Wuhan, Nanchang and Chongqing, and established joint ventures with foreign capital; Rubber overshoes company was reorganized into two shoe factories, Huili and Shuangqian.

Today, almost all rubber factories in Shanghai have moved to suburban counties, leaving only a few company headquarters. At the same time, the number of foreign-funded enterprises is increasing, becoming the headquarters of many foreign companies.