If Zhuge Liang was smarter, why did he still lose to Sima Yi?

Zhuge Liang lost to Sima Yi for three reasons:

1, Zhuge Liang was influenced by Han orthodoxy. He is a gentle man. Strategies are used in the battlefield and rarely used for their own security. It is no accident that he said in Model that "I will do my best until I die". Influenced by Cao Cao, Sima Yi "would rather lose the world than the world", and he was more concerned about his own safety and success or failure.

2. Zhuge Liang obeyed the monarch's orders, so he delayed many raiders, resulting in six trips out of Qishan and failed; Sima yi led the troops to fight, taking "your life will not be affected outside" as the creed, and everything was based on military victory. Sima Yi once lamented: "If you have ambition, you will not see opportunities. More plans, fewer decisions. If you are a good soldier, you have no right. Although you have raised a hundred thousand soldiers, you have already fallen into my painting and will be broken! " .

Zhuge Liang owes Liu Bei, and always wants to repay his kindness. Zhuge Liang once cried and said, "I don't know. However, I was entrusted by my late emperor, and I was afraid that others would not be as dedicated as me! " It can be seen that Zhuge Liang has a heavy burden in his heart; Sima yi, on the other hand, has neither loyalty to the monarch nor gratitude. Mastering the military power is everything, so Sima Yi has been planning how to firmly grasp the military power all his life.

Extended data:

Zhuge Liang six out of Qishan:

In the 10th year of Jianxing (232), Zhuge Liang persuaded farmers to stop fighting in Huangsha, made wooden cattle and horses, practiced martial arts and prepared for another northern expedition. ? In the winter of the 11th year of Jianxing (233), Zhuge Liang once again sent troops to transport rice to the north of Qishan, gathered troops at Xiegukou and ruled the Xieguting.

In February (234) of the 12th year of Jianxing, after three years of preparation, Zhuge Liang persuaded the peasants to speak martial arts and led the army out of Gu Jie Road. According to Wu Wuzhangyuan (now south of Qishan, Shaanxi Province), he settled in Weibin and sent an envoy to Soochow, hoping that Sun Quan could attack Wei at the same time. In April, the Shu army arrived in Yan county and camped under Wuzhangyuan on the south bank of Wei River. Sima Yi led a camp in last stand, Wei Jun, hoping to consume the food and grass of the Shu army again in the protracted war and make the Shu army retreat on its own. ?

Guo Huai, the general of Wei, thought that the Shu army would fight for the North Plain. Sima Yi agreed, so he sent Guo Huaixian to guard against it. Sure enough, the Shu army arrived, but was repelled by Guo Huai. ? Zhuge Liang considered that the previous Northern Expeditions were unsuccessful because there was no grain transportation, so he began to reclaim land and grow grain among residents in Weibin, and the people lived in peace and everything was as usual. Sun Quan also responded to the call of Shu Han, led hundreds of troops to attack Wei, but was defeated by Wei Mingdi Cao Cao himself.

Zhuge Liang sent Meng Yan to the north of Wugong Shuibei, which coincided with the rising water and blocked the connection between Zhuge Liang and Meng Yan. Sima Yi took the opportunity to send troops to attack Meng Yan. So Zhuge Liang sent engineers to build bridges, and crossbowmen shot arrows at Sima Yi's troops. Seeing that the bridge was about to be built, Sima Yi had to retreat. Wei and Shu armies fought for more than a hundred days, during which Zhuge Liang sent people to challenge them many times, but Sima Yijun couldn't hold on. Later, Zhuge Liang specially asked someone to bring Sima Yi a set of women's clothes and headscarves, indicating that Sima Yi was just like a woman. General Wei Jun was furious and demanded war. In order to prevaricate the generals' demands, Sima Yi pretended to give Wei Mingdi a conclusive report. Cao Rui sent Wei Yan and Xin Pi as military advisers to control Sima Yi at the front.

Sima Yi once asked the messengers of Shu Han about Zhuge Liang's sleep, diet and work, but did not ask about the military situation. The messenger replied: "Zhuge Gong got up early and went to bed late, and all the 20 sticks were read by himself; I ate less than a few liters of food. " Sima Yi told people: "Zhu Gekongming eats little and has troubles. How long can he live! "

Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled the fields. He and the people of Wei are self-sufficient in growing food and intend to live there for a long time. However, Zhuge Liang was seriously ill because of overwork.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhuge Liang