Introduction of Queershan Tunnel?

Queershan Tunnel is located between Ganzi and Dege Gangtuo of National Highway 3 17 (the northern line of Sichuan-Tibet Highway), about 900 kilometers east of Chengdu and 0/50 kilometers west of Tibet/KLOC-0. Crossing Queer Mountain is a key project, with a total length of about12km, in which Queer Mountain Tunnel is 7079m long and the construction elevation is 4300m.

The newly-built Queershan Tunnel is 8.955 kilometers long, in which the main tunnel of Queershan Tunnel is 7079 meters long, with two lanes in both directions, with a total investment of165438+500 million yuan, and the entrance of the tunnel is 4378 meters above sea level, making it the longest highway tunnel in the world.

On the morning of 20 165438+ 10/8, 2006, Queershan Tunnel was officially opened to traffic, and it is expected to open to traffic in July of 20 17.

According to the project report, passing vehicles can cross Queer Mountain in just 10 minutes, instead of bypassing the dangerous mountain road for more than two hours. The tunnel can avoid three avalanches with a length of 47,000m and six mudslides with a length of 2,220m m.. In winter, the section with snow thickness greater than 1.5m is reduced by about 22km. The traffic volume will increase from more than 500 vehicles per day/kloc-0 to 4000-5000 vehicles.

Project background

Queershan Tunnel is located between Ganzi and Dege Gangtuo of National Highway 3 17 (the northern line of Sichuan-Tibet Highway), about 900 kilometers east of Chengdu and about 150 kilometers west of Tibet. Crossing Queer Mountain is a key project.

Queer Mountain is called "the peak that Shan Ying can't fly", and there is a saying that "crossing Queer Mountain in winter is like crossing the gate of hell". The beautiful natural scenery of Ganzi Prefecture is very attractive to go on road trip fans, but when they heard that they were going to climb Queer Mountain, many people gave up the plan. After the Queershan Tunnel is opened to traffic, the road trip in western Sichuan will open up a new golden passage, which will shorten the mileage by 20 kilometers and save two hours' driving time. It takes only 65,438+00 minutes for motorists to cross Queer Mountain.

Queer Mountain Tunnel Project is located between Ganzi and Dege Gangtuo on National Highway 3 17, and it is a key project crossing Queer Mountain. The total length of the project is about 12 km, of which the newly-built Queershan tunnel is about 7 km long and the wiring at both ends of the tunnel is about 5 km long. The total investment of the project is1120 million yuan. The experimental section of Queershan Tunnel on National Highway 3 17 started construction ahead of schedule. The experimental section starts from the third grade of national highway 3 17 and ends at the east entrance of Queershan tunnel, with a total length of 4 kilometers, which is reconstructed according to the standard of second-class highway.

It used to be difficult

Queer Mountain is located in dege county, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, near the Sichuan-Tibet border. Before the tunnel is completed, all passing vehicles must pass through Queer Mountain, the main peak of Queer Mountain is 6168m above sea level, and the mountain pass is 5050m above sea level.

Queershan section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway was once the most dangerous highway in China. According to statistics, from 1995 to 2003, there were 37 traffic accidents every year in the 40 km section of Queer Mountain, and 68 people died. In addition, some people died because of the lack of oxygen in the plateau caused by snow and ice. Queer Mountain section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway is often called "the first risk of Sichuan-Tibet" because of its steep terrain, narrow road, lack of oxygen and extreme cold.

Queer Mountain is known as "the first risk in Sichuan and Tibet, and the gate of hell is closed." The elevation of Queer Mountain reaches 6 168 meters, and the mountain is desolate all the year round with cold wind. In the past, most passengers passing through here would have altitude sickness such as dizziness, tinnitus, headache, chest tightness, palpitation and shortness of breath.

He Shiyang, a 53-year-old coach, had the experience of dealing with Queer Mountain in 2 1 year: driving a big truck in the first seven years and driving a bus from Kangding to Dege in the second year 14. According to him, the road on Queer Mountain is more than 20 kilometers, but in his impression, this national road 3 17 has always been a yellow mud road, covered with ice and snow in winter and muddy in summer.

65438+One day at the end of February, 2009, it was already evening when He Shiyang drove a bus full of people over Queer Mountain. Suddenly, the car jolted violently and stopped running. When I got off the bus, I saw that the two wheels in front of the car had fallen into the ice hole. He had to gather young and strong passengers in the car to dig snow, ice, stones and jacks with him. After more than two hours of fighting, the car finally got out of the ice cave.

"Throughout the winter, I can see cars falling on the wall or turning over on the side of the road every day." He Shiyang said that most of the roads from Kangding to Dege are good now, but Queer Mountain is still a headache for the masters. The bus that leaves at 6: 00 in the morning is 589 kilometers long, and it should arrive at around 5: 00 in the afternoon. However, due to frequent problems in Queer Mountain, the bus often arrives at around 3: 00 the next day.

If the Queershan Tunnel is opened to traffic, at least 1 hour will be saved, and there will not be so many accidents. The departure time is guaranteed, the passengers are safe, and our master is relaxed. Of course, we are very much looking forward to this day coming soon.

engineering design

The approach length of the east entrance of Queershan Tunnel is 14.06 km, designed according to the second-class highway standard, and the pavement width is 8.5 meters. The Queershan Tunnel connected with it is about 7 kilometers long and has a design elevation of 4,240 to 4,380 meters. It is the world's first super-long highway tunnel with an altitude of over 4,300 meters.

Queershan Tunnel Project started from Class 3 of 3 17 National Highway and K336+200.00 of Manigangge Town, dege county, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The route goes along the ditch and enters the tunnel at K340+95 1, with an altitude of 4372.82 meters. It stops at Liudaoban on National Highway 3 17, Dumuling Village, Keluodong Township, dege county, and exits K348+034 about 100 meters to the left of Longjiang ditch, with an altitude of 4232.73 meters. The total length of the route is 12.997 km, and the maximum buried depth is 700 meters. This project is mainly a tunnel, the main tunnel is 7079m long, the horizontal guide is 7 108m long, and the distance between the horizontal guide and the main tunnel line is about 33m, which is roughly parallel to the main tunnel. China Railway No.1 Bureau undertook the construction of the tunnel exit section, with the starting and ending pile numbers K344+500-K349+200, with a total length of 4.726 kilometers; China Construction Fifth Bureau undertakes the construction task of tunnel entrance section, with the starting and ending pile number K340+240-K344+500 and the total length of 4.23 1 km.

During the construction and operation, high-power oxygen stations will be established at both ends of the tunnel entrance, which can be used by 300 people at the same time and assist multiple mobile oxygen production vehicles; At the same time, large-scale use of electrified machinery instead of diesel, reducing oxygen consumption.

There is also a pilot tunnel parallel to the tunnel, which can accommodate a fire truck. The cost of this pilot tunnel is one third of that of the tunnel, and it is used as an escape and rescue channel. It is estimated that due to the low air pressure and oxygen content in the tunnel, once an accident occurs in the tunnel, it will bring great hidden dangers to the drivers and passengers. Therefore, experts from Provincial Highway Design Institute introduced foreign ideas and designed pilot tunnels parallel to the tunnel. The distance to find the exit when escaping is short, so the distance between the pilot tunnel and the tunnel is generally designed within 250 meters.

Moreover, the pilot tunnel has another function: the ventilation of the tunnel more than 7 kilometers long is also completed by the pilot tunnel, and the high-power axial fans arranged at both ends of the pilot tunnel supply air to the pilot tunnel first, and then transfer it to the tunnel.

Engineering difficulties

The tunnel is located in the cold plateau area. Low air pressure, low oxygen, seasonal frozen soil, water inrush, rockburst, faults, long slope construction, ventilation and oxygen supply, material transportation, environmental protection and water conservation are the key and difficult points of this project.

Difficulties in the construction of Queershan Tunnel: First, there is no super-long highway tunnel with an altitude of more than 4,300 meters in China, and the oxygen content at its entrance is only half that of Chengdu Plain, but it is definitely lower in the middle of the tunnel, so oxygen supply is a big problem. Second, seasonal frozen soil, which is frozen in winter and melted in summer, has a great influence on the quality of the project. This is more difficult than the frozen soil construction technology of Qinghai-Tibet Railway. In addition, there is a long section of V-class surrounding rock at the entrance, and the lithology is extremely poor, so the construction difficulty is self-evident. Third, the power supply is difficult, and the electricity consumption for construction and operation is one third of that of dege county. In addition, complicated geological survey and operation management are also difficult.

work progress

2010165438+1On October 30th, Queershan Tunnel, the world's first extra-long highway tunnel with an altitude of more than 4,300 meters, officially started construction in Dong 'eluo Village, Kangding County, Sichuan Province. 20 12 June, China Railway No.1 Engineering Group No.4 Engineering Co., Ltd. and China Construction No.5 Engineering Co., Ltd. won the bid for construction.

On 20 11June1day, the east entrance approach of Queershan Tunnel on 3 17 National Highway broke ground in Manigango Township, dege county. According to the relevant person in charge of the reconstruction and expansion of Ganzi section of National Highway 3 17 and Queershan Tunnel Construction Command, this approach road is the preliminary project of Queershan Tunnel, and the engineers of Queershan Tunnel can report it and are waiting for the approval of the National Development and Reform Commission. "Now all the preparations are ready, and the engineers will start construction as soon as they come down."

By September 20 14, the main tunnel of Queershan Tunnel on National Highway 3 17, which was built by China Railway No.1 Bureau and No.4 Company, was excavated 1720 meters, and the horizontal guide broke through the 2000-meter mark, which achieved a staged victory in the node construction period.

At 0 15 12 10 in the morning, the main tunnel at the west entrance of Queershan Tunnel, the world's first high-altitude extra-long highway tunnel, was excavated to the boundary mileage, marking the successful completion of the excavation task at the west entrance of Queershan Tunnel.

The excavation task of the west exit (Q2 bid section) of Queershan Tunnel was successfully completed.

The construction task of 3530m horizontal guide and subgrade 1200m of main tunnel in Q2 bid section of Queershan Tunnel shall be undertaken by China Railway No.1 Bureau. After more than three years, the main tunnel reached the boundary mileage and the subgrade was completed.

It is understood that China Railway No.1 Bureau is stepping up the construction of inverted arch, second lining and trench cable trough. At the same time, the bureau will set up a construction team to continue to guide horizontally, refit and maintain mechanical equipment, replace cables, ensure ventilation and water supply, formulate construction plans, and make personnel, machinery and technical preparations for continuous double-tunnel excavation.

On the morning of 201165438+1October 10, the world's highest highway tunnel 3 17 national highway Queershan Tunnel was officially opened to traffic, and it is expected to open to traffic in July of 20 17.

The newly-built Queershan Tunnel is 8.955 kilometers long, in which the main tunnel of Queershan Tunnel is 7079 meters long with two lanes, with a total investment of165438+500 million yuan, and the entrance of the tunnel is 4378 meters above sea level, making it the longest highway tunnel in the world. After completion, the mileage of 3 17 national highway crossing Queer Mountain above 4000m above sea level can be shortened by 20km, and the travel time can be saved by about 1 hour.

Engineering significance

Queershan section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway was once the most dangerous highway in China. Queer Mountain section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway is often called "the first risk of Sichuan-Tibet" because of its steep terrain, narrow road, lack of oxygen and extreme cold.

According to the feasibility report of Queer Mountain Tunnel Project, passing vehicles can cross Queer Mountain in more than 10 minutes, instead of bypassing the dangerous mountain road for more than two hours. The tunnel can avoid three avalanches with a length of 47,000m and six mudslides with a length of 2,220m m.. In winter, the section with snow thickness greater than 1.5m is reduced by about 22km.

According to the calculation of time saving and existing traffic flow, the tunnel can save nearly 430 thousand yuan for passing vehicles every day in the year of opening to traffic. The traffic volume of Queershan section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway will increase from10.5 million vehicles per day to 4,000-5,000 vehicles.

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