Development Status and Prospect of China Petroleum Industry

First, the characteristics of China petroleum industry

1. The reserves and production of oil and natural gas are increasing.

In recent years, China petroleum enterprises have intensified their exploration and development, and the oil and gas reserves and output have increased steadily, and a number of large oil and gas production bases have been born.

China Petroleum and Natural Gas Co., Ltd. has added more than 500 million tons of proven petroleum geological reserves and more than 300 billion cubic meters of new natural gas reserves for three consecutive years; Four major oil and gas reserve target areas have been discovered in Ordos Basin, and seven oil reserve areas with a capacity of more than 100 million tons, such as the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin, and three natural gas reserve areas with a capacity of 100 billion cubic meters around Sulige, have been implemented. According to the independent reserves evaluation, in 2006, China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "PetroChina") achieved the oil reserves replacement rate of 1.097 and the natural gas reserves replacement rate of 4.37, both exceeding the expected targets, providing a resource base for the sustained and steady growth of oil and gas production. At the same time, several large oil and gas fields of PetroChina have been put into development one after another, and the oil and gas business has achieved sustained growth. The crude oil output of Changqing Oilfield broke through100000 tons in one fell swoop, marking the birth of another 10 million-ton oilfield of China Petroleum. Sulige gas field, located in Ordos Basin, with the largest reserves and scale in China, has been put into development and has become the focus of world attention. The output of natural gas in Tarim Oilfield has exceeded 6,543.8 billion cubic meters, which has enhanced the resource support capacity of the West-to-East Gas Pipeline. The annual oil and gas equivalent of Southwest Oil and Gas Field has exceeded 6,543,800,000 tons, which is the first 10,000-ton oil and gas field dominated by gas in China and the sixth largest oil and gas field in China. In 2006, China Petroleum added 0/2.22 million tons of crude oil and 965.438 billion cubic meters of natural gas.

China Petrochemical Co., Ltd. has made many important discoveries in oil and gas exploration in Puguang periphery, Shengli deep layer and Northeast deep layer. In the whole year, the proven oil reserves increased by 230 million tons, the proven natural gas reserves were about 654.38+06 billion cubic meters, the newly-increased recoverable oil reserves were about 45 million tons, and the recoverable natural gas reserves were about 73.9 billion cubic meters. On April 3rd, 2006, China Petrochemical Group (hereinafter referred to as "Sinopec") officially announced the discovery of Puguang gas field, the largest and most abundant offshore gas field in China, which attracted wide attention at home and abroad. According to the approval of the Ministry of Land and Resources, by the end of 2005, the accumulated proven recoverable reserves of Puguang Gas Field were 2,565,438 million cubic meters, and the technically recoverable reserves were 6,543,883 million cubic meters. According to the results of examination and approval, the gas field has the conditions for commercial development, and it is planned to achieve a commercial gas volume of more than 4 million cubic meters by 2008 and 8 billion cubic meters by 20 10.

In 2006, China Offshore Oil Corporation made 10 oil and gas discoveries in China, among which Liwan 3- 1 was the first deepwater discovery in China, and successfully evaluated 6 oil-bearing structures. In 2006, the company achieved a reserve replacement rate of 65,438+0.99%, and the net proven reserves increased by 46.76 million tons of oil equivalent during the year. By the end of 2006, the net proven reserves of CNOOC * * were about 356 million tons of oil equivalent.

In 2006, the national * * * produced 65438+84 million tons of crude oil, up by1.7% year-on-year; Natural gas output was 58.55 billion cubic meters, up 19.2% year-on-year. Among them, PetroChina produced crude oil/kloc-0.07 million tons, a record high. Natural gas output was 44.2 billion cubic meters, increasing by more than 20% for two consecutive years; The oil and gas output of PetroChina accounts for 58% and 76% of the total domestic oil and gas output respectively. Together with overseas equity oil, the total oil and gas output of PetroChina in that year reached 654.38+49 million tons of oil equivalent, up 4.9% year-on-year. Sinopec's crude oil output exceeded 40 million tons, up 2.28% year-on-year; Natural gas production exceeded 7 billion cubic meters, up 15.6% year-on-year. Sinopec has made important progress in its "going global" strategy. It is estimated that the output of overseas equity oil will reach 4.5 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 1.2 times. With Weizhou 6- 1 oilfield, Caofeidian oilfield group, Huizhou 19- 1 oilfield, Bozhong 34-5, Qikou 17-2 east, Huizhou 2 1- 1.

2. Progress has been made in economic benefit indicators.

In recent years, international oil prices have continued to rise, reaching 100 USD/barrel at the end of 2007. Driven by the high oil price, the oil and gas exploration and development in China petroleum industry is in a good situation and has gained a lot. In 2006, China petroleum industry (including crude oil and natural gas exploitation and petroleum processing industry) achieved a total industrial output value of 2 billion132 billion yuan, an industrial added value of 63.7100 billion yuan, a product sales income of1998.2 billion yuan, a profit of 322.7 billion yuan and a profit and tax of 47 130.

In 2006, China's three major oil companies highlighted the development of their main businesses, while fully ensuring the demand for oil and gas for national economic development, they created good business performance, and all major economic indicators reached new highs and their economic strength was significantly enhanced. However, due to many factors such as falling oil prices, the profit growth rate of various companies has been greatly reduced. PetroChina, in particular, saw its profits increase by 38% in 2005 and only 4.3% in 2006. The profit growth rate of China Offshore Oil Corporation (hereinafter referred to as "CNOOC") has also dropped by more than half.

3. The oil refining and ethylene production capacity increased rapidly.

In recent years, the growth of domestic oil demand has accelerated compared with the previous year. Facing the increasing market demand, China oil refining industry overcame the difficulties such as insufficient processing capacity, upside-down prices of domestic refined oil and imported refined oil, and heavy maintenance tasks, and carefully organized production, realizing full-load production of the main unit. In 2006, * * * processed 307 million tons of crude oil, an increase of 6.3% over the previous year, but the growth rate dropped by 0.2 percentage points. Among them, PetroChina processed crude oil1.1.60 billion tons, an increase of 4.8%; Sinopec processed 654.38+46 million tons of crude oil, an increase of 4.6%.

In the whole year, * * * produced 65438+82 million tons of refined oil, an increase of 4.5% over the previous year, and the growth rate dropped by 2.6 percentage points. Among them, the gasoline output was 55910.4 million tons, an increase of 3.7% over the previous year; Diesel oil output1165.34 million tons, an increase of 5.5% over the previous year; The output of kerosene was 9.6 million tons, down 2.9% from the previous year. China Petroleum produced 73.49 million tons of refined oil, an increase of 3.3% over the previous year. Among them, the gasoline output was 24.083 million tons, up by 4.81%; The output of diesel oil was 460510.7 million tons, an increase of 2.53%; The output of kerosene was 3.3345 million tons, an increase of 4.8%. Sinopec produces about 65438+600 million tons of refined oil. Among them, the gasoline output was 25.46 million tons, an increase of 65.438 0.37%; The output of diesel oil was 6 16 1580 tons, an increase of 5.83%; The output of kerosene was 6.354 million tons, down by 4. 15% (table 1- 1).

Due to the rapid growth of ethylene demand, China has accelerated the pace of ethylene production capacity construction. In 2006, the total output of ethylene in China reached 9,465,438+200,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 22.2%. Among them, the output of PetroChina was 2.07 million tons, an increase of 9.5%; China Petrochemical Company reached 6.33 million tons, up by 15.3%, ranking fourth in the world. For a long time, China's ethylene field has been dominated by Sinopec and PetroChina, but with the promotion of CNOOC's upstream and downstream integration strategy, especially after CNOOC Shell's 800,000-ton ethylene project was completed and put into operation in early 2006, the ethylene output in 2006 reached 646,200 tons. A three-legged pattern of ethylene production in China has been formed (table 1-2).

Table1-1National crude oil processing volume and main oil products output unit in 2006: 10,000 tons.

Note: ① The kerosene data are slightly different due to the non-uniform statistical caliber; ② The fuel oil output of China Offshore Oil Corporation in 2006 was 626 1 10,000 tons, an increase of 10.7% over the previous year. Source: China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association.

Table1-2 Ethylene production unit in China in 2006: 10,000 tons.

Source: websites of three major oil groups and joint-stock companies.

In 2005, the state issued the Special Plan for the Medium and Long-term Development of Ethylene Industry and the Special Plan for the Medium and Long-term Development of Oil Refining Industry, which made the development direction of China's oil refining industry more clear and the momentum more rapid. A large number of refining and chemical projects in China have been completed, put into operation or started. The new or expanded ethylene projects of Jilin Petrochemical Company 700,000 tons/year, Lanzhou Petrochemical Company 700,000 tons/year, Nanhai Petrochemical Company 800,000 tons/year and Maoming Petrochemical Company 6,543.8+0,000 tons/year were completed and put into operation; Fushun Petrochemical 6.5438+00000 tons/year, Sichuan 800000 tons/year, Zhenhai Refinery 6.5438+00000 tons/year ethylene project, Tianjin Petrochemical 6.5438+00000 tons/year ethylene project and its supporting projects started construction. After Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company's 654.38+00,000 tons/year ethylene project was put into production in 2009, Zhenhai Refining & Chemical Company's refining capacity reached 20 million tons/year, and its ethylene production capacity reached 654.38+00,000 tons/year, making it a symbol enterprise of domestic refining and chemical integration. It is worth mentioning that the commissioning of CNOOC Shell Nanhai Petrochemical Project, the largest joint venture project in China with a total investment of US$ 4.35 billion, marks a substantial step in CNOOC's integrated upstream and downstream development and ends the history that CNOOC has no downstream petrochemical industry.

In 2006, China's refining capacity increased the fastest for many years. Dalian Petrochemical's new100000 tons/year oil refining project, Hainan Petrochemical's 8 million tons/year oil refining project and Guangzhou Petrochemical130000 tons/year oil refining reconstruction and expansion project were successively completed and put into operation; With an annual processing capacity of over 20 million tons, Dalian Petrochemical is the largest refining production base in China. At the same time, Guangxi Petrochemical's 6,543,800 tons/year refining project has also started construction. It can be seen that the refining and chemical industry in China is constantly moving in the direction of base, large-scale and integration.

In 2006, China's refined oil sales enterprises actively responded to market changes, strengthened the connection between production, transportation and marketing, optimized the flow of resources, continued to promote the construction of marketing networks, and strived to increase the market resources. PetroChina sold 77.65 million tons of refined oil, up 65.438+0.3% year-on-year, of which the retail volume reached 47.02 million tons, up 23.3% year-on-year. Sinopec sold1.1.200 million tons of refined oil, up by 6.7%. The total number of PetroChina gas stations reached 18207, with an average daily sales of 7.8 tons per station, up 16.7% year-on-year. The number of gas stations in Sinopec experienced explosive growth in 2006. Through the construction, acquisition and renovation of gas stations and oil depots, the refined oil network has been further improved, with 800 new gas stations added throughout the year and 28,000 self-operated gas stations, ranking third in the world.

4. Sustainable development of international cooperation

In recent years, China's state-owned oil companies have made great progress in overseas oil and gas business, especially in oil and gas cooperation with African countries, and the cooperative countries and regions have been expanding.

China Petroleum's overseas oil and gas business deepened the rolling exploration in Sudan, Kazakhstan, Indonesia and other major exploration areas, and steadily carried out risk exploration in Chad and other areas, adding 65.4 million tons of recoverable oil reserves throughout the year. At the same time, we will strengthen the stable production of existing projects and speed up the commissioning of new projects, thus forming three 10-million-ton oil fields: Sudan 1/2/4, 3/7 and Kazakhstan PK. In 2006, the operating volume and equity output of crude oil in China were 54.6 million tons and 28.07 million tons respectively, increasing by18.77 million tons and 8.04 million tons respectively. The operating output of natural gas is 5.7 billion cubic meters, and the equity output is 3.8 billion cubic meters, increasing by about 65.438+0.7 billion cubic meters and 65.438+0.0 billion cubic meters respectively. In Sudan, PetroChina has built the world's first delayed coking unit for high-calcium and high-acid crude oil, and 3/7 long-distance pipeline projects have also been put into production. The company also signed 9 new project contracts in Chad, Equatorial Guinea and Uzbekistan, and won the bid for 4 blocks in Nigeria; The new contract value of overseas engineering and technical services was US$ 365.438+US$ 90 million, and the business expanded to 48 countries, forming 7 large-scale markets. At home, the Changbei natural gas field jointly developed by PetroChina and Shell has been officially put into commercial production and natural gas export.

Sinopec has made important progress in "going global". In 2006, Sinopec completed overseas investment of about 50 billion yuan, acquired 49% equity of Russian Udmurt Oil Company, and 32 overseas oil and gas projects are being implemented, initially forming a more reasonable overseas exploration and development layout. Sinopec added 57 million tons of recoverable reserves of equity oil in the whole year, and its equity output reached 4.5 million tons. The company also actively explored the overseas petroleum and petrochemical engineering market, and successfully won the bid for a number of major projects such as Brazil's natural gas pipeline and Iran's oil refining transformation. In China, Sinopec took advantage of its leading position in the downstream field and established joint ventures with Fujian, ExxonMobil and Saudi Aramco in early 2007, namely "Fujian United Petrochemical Co., Ltd." and "China Petrochemical Mei Sen (Fujian) Petroleum Co., Ltd.". The total investment of the two joint ventures is about US$ 56,543.8+billion, which is a fully integrated Sino-foreign joint venture project in the fields of oil refining, chemical industry and refined oil marketing in China. The project will increase the crude oil processing capacity of Fujian Refinery to120,000 tons/year, mainly processing sour crude oil from Saudi Arabia; At the same time, 800,000 tons/year ethylene cracking unit will be built, and about 750 gas stations and several oil depots will be managed and operated in Fujian Province. Previously, the 900,000-ton/a ethylene project jointly invested by Sinopec and BP in Shanghai and the 600,000-ton/a ethylene project jointly invested by BASF were completed and put into operation in 2005.

At present, driven by the government's energy diplomacy, China enterprises' strategy of "going out to sea to find oil" has achieved initial results. However, with the increasingly strict control of oil resources by resource countries, China enterprises will also face more difficulties and obstacles in finding oil overseas.

5. The pipe network construction is progressing smoothly.

The construction of China oil and gas pipeline network continued to advance smoothly and achieved fruitful results. At present, China's oil and gas backbone pipe network covering the whole country has basically taken shape, and a relatively complete pipe network system has been built in some areas.

Crude oil pipeline: The Alashankou-Dushanzi crude oil pipeline was completed and put into operation, which made China's first transnational crude oil pipeline-China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline run through the whole line and officially entered the commercial operation stage; The crude oil trunk line of the western crude oil product pipeline with a total length of 1562km has been laid.

Product Oil Pipeline: The product oil pipeline in the national key project-Western Crude Oil Product Oil Pipeline Project was completed and put into operation, with a total length of 1.842 km and an annual design capacity of 1 10,000 tons; Construction of the Dagang-Zaozhuang refined oil pipeline with a total length of 670 kilometers and an annual transportation capacity of 3 million tons started; Sinopec Pearl River Delta product pipeline runs through it, with a total length of 1 143 km and a designed annual throughput of120,000 tons. It connects Maoming Petrochemical, Guangzhou Petrochemical, Dongxing Petrochemical, Hainan Petrochemical and other Sinopec refining bases in the Pearl River Delta region, which is conducive to resource sharing and complementary advantages, and is of great significance to improving Sinopec's competitiveness in the southern market.

The year 2006 is a milestone in the history of LNG development in China. Guangdong LNG Project, the first LNG pilot project in China, was put into production and put into commercial operation. Fujian LNG project with an annual receiving capacity of 2.6 million tons in the first phase of the project signed an LNG purchase and sale agreement with Indonesia to implement resources; The first phase of Shanghai LNG project with an annual import volume of 3 million tons started construction, and an LNG purchase and sale agreement was signed with Malaysia. In China, there are more than 10 LNG projects approved by the state. With the increasingly tight energy supply and rising international natural gas prices, the gas source problem will become the biggest bottleneck restricting the development of LNG projects in China.

6. Increase investment in scientific and technological innovation.

Science and technology is the primary productive force, and it is also the basis for petroleum enterprises to strive for stable, effective and sustainable development. In 2005, China Petroleum made a major breakthrough in the research and development of high-end equipment and technical products, and EI-LOG logging equipment and CGDS-I near-bit geological steering system were successfully developed. These two products with independent intellectual property rights have reached or approached the international advanced level, breaking the monopoly of foreign companies on core technologies. China Petroleum applied for more than 800 patents, 700 patents were authorized, 7 achievements won the National Science and Technology Progress Award and Technology Invention Award, and 600 important scientific and technological achievements were registered. In 2006, China Petroleum made great achievements in optimizing the allocation of scientific and technological resources and speeding up the construction of innovation system. According to the "one whole and two levels" structure, Drilling Engineering Technology Research Institute and Petrochemical Research Institute were established one after another, bringing the number of company-level research institutes to eight, covering the company's 10 disciplines and supporting the development of seven major businesses. The construction of 20 technology centers has been basically completed, and a technological innovation system with "reasonable layout, distinctive features, lean and efficient, coordinated and complementary" has initially formed.

Sinopec has basically completed the technical research on the production of Euro IV standard clean refined oil, which has reserved technology for upgrading the quality of oil products. Major scientific and technological key projects, such as comprehensive geophysical technology for oil reservoirs, 6,543.8+0.5 million tons/year single-stage full-cycle hydrocracking technology, were successfully completed; Many technologies, such as air drilling and efficient diesel desulfurization catalyst, have been applied; A number of independent R&D technologies have been successfully applied to new or modified projects, especially the completion and commissioning of Hainan Refinery and Maoming Ethylene, which indicates that China Petrochemical's independent technical level and engineering development capability have reached a new level. The theoretical and technical achievements of China Petrochemical and its cooperative unit "Reservoir-forming Mechanism, Exploration Technology and Puguang Gas Field Discovery of Marine Deep Carbonate Rock" promoted the growth peak of marine deep natural gas reserves in Sichuan Basin, promoted the rapid development of marine oil and gas exploration in South China and even the whole country, and was a major breakthrough in China's marine oil and gas exploration theory, and won the first prize of national scientific and technological progress in 2006. In 2006, China Petrochemical Company * * * applied for patents 1007, and was granted 948 patents, of which invention patents accounted for 74%. 97 foreign patents were applied and granted 6 1.

In 2006, CNOOC invested more than 2 billion yuan in science and technology, accounting for 1.3% of sales revenue, and produced a number of valuable scientific and technological achievements. "Exploration of complex oil and gas reservoirs in Bohai Sea" and "High concentration industrial cooling water treatment and intelligent online (remote) monitoring technology" won the second prize of national scientific and technological progress in 2006. A breakthrough has been made in the theoretical and technical research on the exploration of complex oil and gas reservoirs in Bohai Sea, and a number of Bohai composite oil and gas reservoirs and super heavy oil groups, such as Jinzhou 25- 1 Nan and Luda 27-2, have been discovered and revitalized. The company's offshore heavy oil development technology has reached the world advanced level.

7. Strengthen the development of renewable energy.

China state-owned oil companies have obviously strengthened the development of renewable energy, especially in the development of biodiesel, which shows the determination and courage to transform from oil companies to energy companies.

PetroChina signed a framework agreement with the Sichuan provincial government to jointly develop biomass energy. The goal of cooperation between the two parties is to "implement the development plan of biomass energy industry in Sichuan Province and build Sichuan into a province with green energy and clean cars". During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, 600,000 tons of sweet potato fuel ethanol and 654.38 million tons of Jatropha curcas biodiesel will be built. Signed a framework agreement with the State Forestry Administration to jointly develop forestry biomass energy, and the first batch of forestry biomass energy forest bases in Yunnan and Sichuan officially started construction, covering an area of more than 40,000 hectares. After completion, it can realize the supply capacity of about 60 thousand tons of biodiesel raw materials every year. By the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, PetroChina plans to build a non-grain ethanol production capacity of more than 2 million tons/year, reaching more than 40% of the national production capacity; Form a commercial scale of 200,000 tons/year of forestry biodiesel; Support the construction of more than 400,000 hectares of biomass energy raw material bases, and strive to become the leader of the national biomass energy industry.

China Petrochemical's experimental device with an annual output of 2,000 tons of biodiesel has been built in its research and development base of biodiesel in Hebei Province, which has become the leading symbolic experimental device in China so far, providing a strong technical platform and support for China's biodiesel industry to carry out basic research and policy formulation. China Offshore Oil Base Group Co., Ltd. and Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province signed the Memorandum on the Development Project of Jatropha curcas Biodiesel Industry in Panxi Area, and planned to invest 2.347 billion yuan to build a biodiesel factory with an annual output of 654.38+10,000 tons.

At present, the development of biodiesel in China is very rapid, but there are mixed phenomena. Large state-owned enterprises set foot in the field of biodiesel, which can not only improve their sustainable development ability, but also be conducive to the standardized development of the entire biodiesel industry.

Second, China's oil industry problems

1. The proven degree of oil and gas resources is low, and the per capita possession is low.

China is rich in oil and gas resources, but its proven degree is low, and its per capita possession is also low. According to the results of a new round of oil and gas resources evaluation in China's six major regions 1 15 oil-bearing basins, the prospective oil resources in China are 108557 million tons, including 93.407 billion tons on land and1565438+500 million tons offshore. The amount of geological resources is 765065438+ tons, including 65.765 billion tons on land and 0/0736 million tons at sea. The recoverable resources are 265.438+0.203 billion tons, including 65.438+0.8276 billion tons on land and 2.927 billion tons at sea. Although China is rich in oil and gas resources, its per capita possession is low. The per capita possession of petroleum resources in China is 1 1.5 ~ 15.4 tons, which is only 73 tons of the world average 1/5 ~ 1/6. The per capita possession of natural gas resources is 1 10,000 ~ 1 10,000 cubic meters, which is the world average of 70,000 cubic meters 1/5 ~ 1/7. Compared with cultivated land and fresh water resources, the per capita oil and gas resources in China are even worse.

2. Uneven distribution of oil and gas resources

The oil-bearing areas in China are mainly distributed as follows: in the east, mainly including Northeast China and North China; Central China, mainly including Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Sichuan; The west, mainly including Xinjiang, Qinghai and western Gansu; Tibet, including the area south of Kunlun Mountain and west of Hengduan Mountain; Offshore oil and gas-bearing areas, including the southeast coastal continental shelf and the South China Sea.

According to the proven degree of oil and gas resources, from east to west, oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in the east; From the north-south direction, most oil and gas resources are in the north. This unbalanced distribution of oil and gas resources has greatly affected the development of China's oil industry and the coordination of oil and gas supply and demand. The old oil areas from Songliao to Jianghan and the eastern part of Subei Basin account for 74% of the oil reserves, the central area dominated by Ordos and Sichuan Basin accounts for 5.77%, the northwest area accounts for 13.3%, the southern area accounts for 0.09%, and the sea area accounts for 6.63%. In terms of sea area, Bohai Sea accounts for 4% of the national reserves. In 2000, with the discovery of large and medium-sized oil fields in Bohai Sea, offshore oil reserves were more in the north and less in the south.

At present, China's onshore natural gas is mainly distributed in the central and western regions, accounting for 43.2% and 39.0% of the onshore resources respectively. The proven natural gas reserves are concentrated in 10 large basins, namely Bohai Bay, Sichuan, Songliao, Junggar, Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan, Qaidam, Tuha, Tarim, Bohai Sea and Ordos. There are 9 basins with resources exceeding 1 trillion cubic meters, including Tarim, Ordos, Sichuan, the Pearl River Estuary, the East China Sea, Bohai Bay, Yinggehai, Qiongdongnan and Junggar, with resources of 30.7 trillion cubic meters.

3. The gap between supply and demand is gradually increasing.

In the past five years, oil consumption has obviously accelerated. In 2006, the national oil consumption reached 350 million tons, a net increase of 654.38+24 million tons compared with 2000.

By 2020, China's economy will continue to develop at a relatively high speed, and the process of industrialization will be further accelerated, especially the development of oil-consuming industries such as transportation and petrochemical. In addition, the urban population will increase substantially, and the proportion of oil in rural areas will also increase. Many factors will keep China's oil demand growing rapidly. On the premise that the whole society is vigorously saving fuel, if the average annual oil demand growth100000 tons is estimated, by 2020, the oil demand in China will be close to 500 million tons; The import volume is about 300 million tons, and the external dependence (the ratio of import volume to total consumption) is about 60%, which exceeds the internationally recognized oil safety warning line of 50%. China's oil security risks will further increase.

4. The crude oil recovery rate is low and the cost remains high.

The average recovery rate of crude oil in Russia is 40%, that in the United States is 33% ~ 35%, with the highest recovery rate of 70%, that in Beihai Oilfield is 50%, and that in foreign water drive oilfields is about 50%. The average recovery rate in China is far below this level. The total cost of crude oil includes discovery cost, development cost, power generation cost, management cost and financial cost. At present, compared with international oil companies, the total cost of crude oil in China is very high. 1998, before the reorganization of PetroChina and Sinopec, China's oil and gas production has always been regarded as a national mandatory plan indicator. In order to ensure the completion of production tasks, in the case of insufficient funds, only limited funds can be invested in oil and gas field development and production; However, in the case of insufficient new available reserves, only the old oil fields are intensively exploited, which leads to the accelerated entry of oil fields into the middle and late stages of development, and the rapid increase of comprehensive water cut, which greatly accelerates the increase of operating expenses. After the reorganization of PetroChina, the total number of employees is large and the crude oil processing capacity is not high, resulting in high labor costs, unreasonable enterprise organization and low management level. The management institutions of various oilfields and units within oilfields are bloated and have many management levels. Budget constraints are soft, and there are many names that are passed around. In cost management, target cost management is not seriously implemented, the accounting system is not strict and scientific enough, and sometimes the cost is not true.

5. The overall efficiency of oil utilization is not high.

China is not only a big oil producer, but also a big oil consumer, and it is also a country with low oil utilization efficiency. In 2004, for example, the total GDP of China was $65,438 +0.9 trillion, 1 10,000 USD GDP consumption10.6 tons of oil. This figure is twice the oil consumption of 1 10,000 US dollars, three times that of Japan and four times that of Britain. At present, the design fuel consumption of domestic automobile engines per 100 kilometers is higher than that of similar cars in developed countries by 10% ~ 15%. At present, the average annual fuel consumption of bicycles in China is 2.28 tons, which is 2 1% higher than that in the United States, 89% higher than that in Germany and 1 15% higher than that in Japan. To control the total oil consumption in China within 500 million tons in 2020, it is required that the average annual growth level of oil consumption be reduced by more than 25% compared with the past 15 years. The above situation, on the one hand, shows that China has great potential to save oil; On the other hand, it also reflects that it is quite difficult to save and control the excessive growth of oil consumption.

6. The development level of petroleum science and technology is low.

China's petroleum technology lags behind western developed countries, and its scientific research and innovation ability is even worse. The level of basic research is poor, and most basic research work only applies mature foreign theories and methods. Such as seismic stratigraphy, reservoir description, horizontal well technology and formation damage. In addition, there are many foreign advanced theories that have not attracted enough attention in China, such as automatic drilling, slim hole drilling and the application of fuzzy theory in reservoir engineering. This situation of basic research is manifested in the poor innovation ability of scientific research work, insufficient stamina, insufficient technical innovation ability, low transformation rate of scientific and technological achievements and low contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to economic growth in China.