Type of drilling rig

A drilling rig is a mechanical equipment for drilling holes on the earth's surface, which can be a large outdoor drilling equipment for water wells, oil wells and natural gas wells, or a small equipment that can be moved by a single person, called an auger. Drilling rigs can sample underground mineral deposits, and can also be used to install underground production equipment, such as underground machines, instruments, pipelines and shafts. It can be mobile equipment installed on trucks, trailers and tracks, or it can be fixed on land and offshore structures (such as drilling platforms, commonly known as "offshore oil rigs", although rigs are not included in the design). The term "drilling rig" usually refers to equipment used to drill the earth's crust.

Due to the different purposes and construction objects of geotechnical drilling and excavation engineering, there are many kinds of drilling rigs. Drilling rigs can be divided into core drilling rigs, oil drilling rigs, hydro-geological survey and water well drilling rigs, engineering geological exploration drilling rigs, tunnel drilling rigs and engineering construction drilling rigs. According to drilling methods, drilling rigs can be divided into four categories:

Impact drilling rig is divided into wire rope impact drilling rig and drill pipe impact drilling rig. Rotary drilling rigs are divided into the following three types: vertical shaft-handle feed, screw differential feed and hydraulic feed; Rotary table-wire rope plus decompression, hydraulic cylinder plus decompression drill; Mobile gyrator-full hydraulic power head and mechanical power head drilling rig. Vibrating drilling rig. Compound drilling rig: a drilling rig with different combinations of vibration, impact, rotation and static pressure functions. Because the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources stipulated the drilling rig category marks in the ministerial standard DZ3-79 (Table 3- 1), they were all marked in Chinese Pinyin.

Vertical drilling rig is widely used. The vertical drilling rig series of the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources was named XY type, the vertical drilling rig series of the former Ministry of Metallurgical Industry was named YL type, the vertical drilling rig series of the former Nonferrous Metals Industry Corporation was named CS type, and the vertical drilling rig series of the former Ministry of Coal Industry was named TK type (Table 3-2).

Trenchless drilling rig

Under the condition of minimum excavation on the surface (generally referring to small excavation at the entrance), the new construction technology of laying, replacing and repairing various underground pipelines has little interference to the surface, so it has high social and economic benefits. It mainly includes horizontal directional drilling, pipe jacking, micro-tunnel, tube explosion and impact. This technology originated in 1970s and was introduced to China in 1990s. At present, it is widely used in new pipeline construction and old pipeline repair in water supply, drainage, electric power, communication, gas and other fields, and can also be used for the protection of cultural relics and ancient buildings.

Daily maintenance

I. Regular inspection items of drilling rig

1. Check the main structural conditions of the drilling rig, bolts of structural connectors, connecting pins of structural parts, welding seams of various structural parts, hanging basket structure and safety protection conditions, especially before entering the site for use, please ask qualified units to test its safety performance and use it only after it is qualified;

2. Regularly check the status of various power heads, working cylinders and drill pipes;

3. Regularly check the drum anti-falling device of the winch, the height of both sides of the drum, the condition of the drum wall and the number of weeks of the wire rope tail on the drum, especially the brake opening, and check it at any time as a key project;

4. Inspection of electrical system, the main inspection items include: special electrical box setting, short-circuit protection and leakage protection devices, emergency power-off switch, electrical box damping device, cable fixing on working device, lighting circuit, grounding wire, etc. It is forbidden to carry zero current;