Shuangyang deer industry in the hometown of sika deer

1995, Shuangyang District was named "the hometown of sika deer in China" by the organizing committee of the first batch of 100 characteristic towns in China. Shuangyang District is located in the middle of Jilin Province and the southeast of Changchun City, with an area of 1677.42 square kilometers, accounting for 46.8% of the total area of Changchun City. The whole region has jurisdiction over 4 sub-district offices, 3 towns, 1 township, with a total population of 377,000, accounting for 13.7% of the total population of Changchun. Shuangyang, 37 kilometers away from downtown Changchun, is located in the half-hour economic circle of Changchun, which is a very important strategic functional area in the spatial pattern of urban planning in Changchun. The traffic environment in this area is very convenient. Changqing and Shuangjiang highways connect the main urban area of Changchun, Longshuang Highway connects Longjia Airport, and the Long Shuangyan Railway runs through the north and south of Shuangyang, connecting Ji Shen and beijing-harbin railway. The urban expressway and urban light rail from Changchun to Shuangyang are about to start construction, and a convenient and rapid road traffic network radiating the whole region will be initially established.

There are many kinds of mineral resources in Shuangyang District. Up to now, 34 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered, and there are 19 kinds with mining value. Among them, limestone, oil and gas, coal, mineral water, bentonite and other resources have large reserves and high quality, and their development and utilization prospects are very broad. Limestone reserves reach 3 billion tons, and both reserves and quality are in the forefront of Northeast China. The total coal reserves are 89 million tons, accounting for 64% of the total coal reserves in Changchun. The distribution area of oil and natural gas is 47 square kilometers, with proven oil reserves of 80 million tons and natural gas reserves of 2.4 billion cubic meters. The mineral water reserves in the whole region are more than 654.38 billion cubic meters, and the exploitable amount is more than 78 million cubic meters. Bentonite reserves reach 3.8 million tons, which is of great development value.

Shuangyang District is a national ecological demonstration area with dense water networks, beautiful mountains and rivers, fresh air and elegant environment. The forest coverage rate in the whole region reached 24.7%; There are 7 small and medium-sized rivers/kloc-0, and 4 small and medium-sized reservoirs and lakes/kloc-0. The urban green coverage rate reached 4 1.5%, and the per capita green area was 1 1.5 square meters. The air quality in the whole region is maintained at the national first-class standard all the year round, and it has the reputation of "natural oxygen bar". Shuangyang has unique tourism resources. There are the first peak in Changchun, the karst landscape with the highest altitude, the biggest drop and the widest area in Northeast China, and the rare ice waterfall in the world. Eco-tourism, leisure and entertainment and other modern service industries have a very broad space for development.

Shuangyang District has a superior investment environment, and has two provincial development zones, namely Shuangyang Economic Development Zone and Changchun Cultural Printing Industry Development Zone. In order to promote the rapid economic development of Shuangyang, provinces and cities have issued a preferential policy of "4 1+ 1", which enables Shuangyang to enjoy the special treatment of "county benefiting county and district benefiting area" at the provincial and municipal levels, and opens up a "green channel" for striving for policies and project construction. With the in-depth implementation of Changchun-Jilin-Tumen strategy, Shuangyang, as the sub-center of Changchun and an important node of Changchun-Jilin integration in the future, its strategic position and development advantages will be more important and prominent. Shuangyang has a long history of raising deer, more than 300 years ago. As early as A.D. 1725, during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, wild sika deer were captured in Pangutun, Lvxiang Town, Shuangyang District, fenced and domesticated artificially. ("Pangutun" is full of pronunciation, which translates into Chinese as "the place where deer are raised")

The development of deer industry in Shuangyang can be roughly divided into four stages:

Autotrophic stage (1725—— 1949). This stage was from the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty to before liberation, and the breeding form was a small number of families. According to historical records, there were only 307 deer in Shuangyang in 1927, which reached 400-500 before the founding of the People's Republic. It was also during this period that people gradually realized the medicinal efficacy of velvet antler and became one of the three treasures in Northeast China.

Scale culture stage (1949- 1978). 1949, Shuangyang County built the first state-owned deer farm in Chenjiatun, Changling, marking the development of sika deer breeding from free-range to large-scale breeding. At the end of the same year, there were 556 sika deer in the county. 1958, two high-quality velvet antler from the state-owned deer farm in Shuangyang County were selected for the exhibition in Beijing Agricultural Exhibition Hall. 1959, the second state-owned deer farm was established. 1962, the state-owned Sanlu No.3 farm was established, and the number of sika deer in the county reached 27 17. After 1969, the fourth state-owned deer farm and the fifth state-owned deer farm were built in Lu Xu. 1978 Before the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, five state-owned deer farms were built in the whole region, and the total number and quality of deer stocks were greatly improved.

Planning and market coexist in the breeding stage (1978- 1998). After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the household contract system was implemented in agriculture. The Shuangyang County Party Committee and the county government put forward the strategic policy of "relying on state-owned deer farms, taking farmers as the main body, strengthening the construction of deer breeding bases in big countries and accelerating the enrichment of rich counties" in time, encouraging farmers to vigorously develop deer breeding, and the whole county set off a deer breeding climax, and the individual breeding model developed rapidly, initially forming a pattern of state-owned, collective and individual simultaneously. 1987, in order to protect the wildlife population in Shennongjia, Hubei Province, the state allocated 20 Shuangyang sika deer from Sanlu No.3 Farm in the former county and put them into Shennongjia's own nature reserve for grazing. 1988, Shuangyang County was listed as a deer breeding base county in Jilin Province. 1990, Shuangyang sika deer breeding improvement project was included in the Eighth Five-Year Plan by the State Science and Technology Commission, and Shuangyang County was identified as a national deer breeding base by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries. 1995 After the establishment of Shuangyang County, there are 5 state-owned deer farms, 38 collective deer farms and 3,600 deer farmers in the whole region. There are 43,830 sika deer in the whole region, accounting for 17.5% of the whole country and 33.75% of the whole province. The annual output of pilose antler is 23 160 kg, accounting for 12.9% of the national pilose antler output. In April of the same year, the organizing committee named Shuangyang County as the first and only "hometown of sika deer in China" in China. In May of the same year, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Trade approved 1 1 products such as Shuangyang velvet and deer products to enjoy independent import and export management rights. 1June, 1996, with the approval of the State Economic and Trade Commission, Shuangyang was determined as the only pilot unit of deer industry, trade, industry and agriculture integration in China. 1998, there were 5,709 sika deer1head in the whole region, including 3,000 state-owned deer farms, 5,000 collective deer farms and 4,909 individual farmers. The output of pilose antler in the whole region is 38,089 kg, with an output value of 65.438+0.2 billion yuan. From 1989 to 1998 and 10, the population of Shuangyang deer, the total output of pilose antler, the yield per unit area of pilose antler, the quality rate of pilose antler and the export of deer by-products all ranked first in the same industry in China.

Modern aquaculture stage (1999- present). With the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises, during the period of 1999-2000, according to the relevant policies of the state, all the state-owned deer farms in Shuangyang District were sold, all the employees were bought out, the state-owned assets were nationalized, and all the state-owned deer farms were transformed into individual and private deer farms. Since then, with the continuous development of private enterprises, sika deer products have changed from raw materials and primary products processing to high value-added and intensive processing, forming a modern industrial development model integrating science, industry and trade. A large number of powerful enterprises are constantly emerging, such as Jilin Changshuanglu Industry Specialty Development Group Co., Ltd., Jilin Zunlu Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jilin Shuangyang Deer Industry Elite Breeding Co., Ltd., Changchun Hongqiao Deer Industry Co., Ltd., Changchun Shuangyang Bowen Deer Industry Elite Breeding Co., Ltd., Changchun Shuangyang Dingfengshan Deer Industry Co., Ltd., Jilin Heniantang Ginseng Products Co., Ltd., Jilin Pangu Sika Deer Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun Shilu Deer Industry Co., Ltd. and other modern enterprises. In 2003, Shuangyang District was identified by the provincial and municipal governments as the deer industry base of the "Revitalization Project of Characteristic Economic Animals in Jilin Province". In 2006, Shuangyang District, as the only standardized demonstration area of China sika deer in China, successfully passed the national acceptance. In 2008, the geographical indication certification trademark of "Shuangyang sika deer" was approved and registered by the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, ending the history that there was no geographical indication certification trademark in Shuangyang and even Changchun. In 2009, Jilin provincial government brought sika deer industry in Shuangyang District into Changji-Tumen strategic planning. In 20 10, Shuangyang District, together with 60 towns in more than 20 provinces in China, such as Tianjin Binhai New Area, Zhengzhou, Henan Province and Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, was selected as "China's Most Overseas Influential City (County, District), Town (Township, Village)" in Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao in 20 10. Shuangyang and Shuangyang sika deer are once again famous at home and abroad! 20 1 1 Shuangyang District has been identified as one of the important "core areas" for the development of sika deer industry in Jilin Province. In the same year, it was identified as "China Sika Deer Provenance Breeding Demonstration Zone" by china wildlife conservation association. Shuangyang, the hometown of sika deer in China, has been ranked first among all deer-raising counties (districts) in China for many years, leading and promoting the development of sika deer industry in China. The number of sika deer breeding, total output, single yield, high-quality velvet product rate and foreign exchange generation are among the highest in the country. The industrial development of Shuangyang sika deer has six advantages:

The first is the scale advantage. In 2004, Shuangyang District formulated and issued the only standardized document of sika deer breeding in China-Jilin Sika Deer Series Local Standards. In 2006, Shuangyang District, as the only standardized demonstration area of China sika deer in China, successfully passed the national acceptance, which provided reference for the standardized production of sika deer in China. 20 1 1 year, the number of sika deer in Shuangyang District is195,000, accounting for 30% and 50% of the country respectively. There are nearly 10,000 sika deer farmers, including 400 farmers with more than 100 people and 8 farmers with more than 1,000 people. Over the years, the number of deer in Shuangyang, the total output, the yield per unit area, the high-quality rate and the exchange rate of velvet antler have been ranked first in all counties and cities in China.

The second is the variety advantage. The scientific research project of "Shuangyang sika deer breeding" began in the 1960s. 1979 is listed as the key scientific research project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Reclamation. After more than 20 years of unremitting efforts, the scientific research team led by Han Kun, a senior animal husbandry official in Shuangyang County, successfully cultivated the first artificially bred and stereotyped fine variety in China and even the world, and passed the appraisal of the Ministry of Agriculture. 1987 was included in the national agricultural science and technology spark plan. Compared with other sika deer, Shuangyang sika deer has the characteristics of high quality and high yield, genetic stability, rough feeding tolerance, strong adaptability and high reproductive survival rate, and won the first prize of national scientific and technological progress 1990. The male deer of Shuangyang Deer Breeding Co., Ltd. 1 19 won the title of "Deer King" at the second China Deer Industry Conference.

The third is the product advantage. There are 7 high-end deer products R&D and production enterprises with assets exceeding 10 million yuan in the whole region, and the products cover more than 6 categories 130 varieties. Many products, such as sika deer gene nutrient solution and deer embryo essence, independently developed by enterprises such as Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical, Changshuang Deer Industry, Shilu Deer Industry, Zhonghui Deer Industry and Pangu Deer Industry, have independent intellectual property rights, and Jilin Biological Deer Products Co., Ltd. has obtained the first GMP certification of deer products and health products in China. "Zunlu" brand "biological bacterial protein" was successfully pushed to the market outside the province; The products of Shilu, Changshuang, Heniantang, Pangu and other 10 brands are exported to Korea, Singapore, Japan, Afghanistan, United Arab Emirates, Western Europe, Hong Kong and other countries and regions.

The fourth is the talent advantage. Shuangyang has a group of national, provincial and municipal researchers such as Han Kun, and the product R&D team has gathered 3420 professionals. On the basis of Changshuang Deer Industry, a scientific and technological research team for key technologies of industrialization development of high-quality sika deer was established. Six topics were led by 25 experts from Jilin University, Jilin Agricultural University, People's Liberation Army Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Jilin Specialty Research Institute and other well-known universities in the province, respectively, on improved seed breeding, special feed, disease diagnosis and treatment, pilose antler skin care products, health drinks and genetic resources. Among them, the scientific research achievements of sika deer breeding in Han Kun have filled the blank of deer species in the world. The marketing team has more than 2,000 licensed brokers, and has trained a number of deer products sales talents such as Song Xianzong and Chai. The sales network has extended to the international field. The breeding service team currently has more than 430 deer medical service personnel and 38,000 deer technical workers, all over the country.

The fifth is the market advantage. 20 1 1 year, there are 87 deer products distribution enterprises in Shuangyang, and the annual throughput of deer by-products reaches 1500 tons. Two deer products trading centers, Luxiang Town and Shuangyang City, have been formed, with an annual output value of 920 million yuan and a profit of nearly1.300 million yuan. Every year, there are nearly one million people in Luzhen alone, and the throughput of deer by-products reaches more than 1000 tons, and the throughput of fresh velvet antler reaches 1000 tons. The price of deer products in the professional market of deer products in this town has always dominated the whole country and has become a "barometer" of the trend of the national deer industry market.

The sixth is to develop advantages. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Shuangyang District was designated as the deer industrial base by the provincial government as the "Revitalization Project of Characteristic Economic Animals in Jilin Province", and was supported by 65,438+10,000-head meat deer base project and provincial deer industrial park project, as well as the subsidy policy for breeding doe. The sika deer industry in Shuangyang District was once again included in the "Twelfth Five-Year" development plan of provinces and cities. In April 2008, the geographical indication certification trademark of "Shuangyang Sika Deer" was officially approved and registered by the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, achieving a breakthrough of zero geographical indication certification trademark of aquaculture in the province. In 2009, the planning of Shuangyang deer industry was incorporated into the Chang-Ji-Tu strategy by the Jilin provincial government, and Shuangyang District was identified as one of the "core areas" of sika deer industry development by the Jilin provincial people's government. Shuangyang sika deer is a local breeding method, which adopts the methods of individual phenotype selection, single male-female mating, quality consanguinity matching and large group closed breeding, and is bred through three stages: establishing basic group, primary breeding and selection improvement. Shuangyang Plum Blossom is the first fine sika deer variety cultivated artificially in the world.

First, physical appearance characteristics

After long-term captivity and years of artificial breeding, "Shuangyang sika deer" has shown many breeding characteristics in morphological structure, physiological function, growth and development. Specifically, it is of medium build, with dark coat color, large and clear plum blossom spots, shallow back line, long head and wide forehead, wide and deep chest and large abdominal circumference. Among the five types of sika deer in Jilin Province, Shuangyang sika deer has head length index and body length index.

Second, the production performance

Shuangyang sika deer has high cashmere yield. 1985 The average yield of sawed stag 1050g (finished cashmere) in the former Shuangyang No.3 farm was 1. 15 times higher than that in the early stage of breeding, 59.6% higher than that in Jilin Province and more than twice as high as that in the whole country. During the period of 1986- 1989, the average yield of Shangsawed male deer was 1243g (finished cashmere), which was 8.3% higher than 1985. The yield of male deer with more than three saws exceeds 5000 grams.

Shuangyang sika deer not only has the characteristics of high quality and high yield of velvet antler, but also ranks first in the same industry in China. It is characterized by fat branches, soft texture, perfect velvet shape, bright color, sufficient blood content and high content of effective components.

Third, the genetic performance is stable

"Shuangyang sika deer" is the result of long-term pure breeding. In the process of breeding, the yield and quality of velvet antler have always been the primary selection conditions. Therefore, the heritability of "Shuangyang sika deer" is stable, especially the heritability of cashmere weight traits is more prominent. Heritability is 0.48, which belongs to high heritability. Therefore, "Shuangyang sika deer" has high breeding value.

Fourth, precocity is obvious.

Mainly manifested in the precocity of economic traits. 16-month-old doe is 80% sexually mature, and 100% male deer bred at 12-month-old can get the first velvet. Two-year-old male deer can get more than 15% senior velvet, and three-year-old male deer can get 60-80% senior velvet.

Five, strong adaptability, rough feeding resistance

Shuangyang sika deer has strong adaptability to environment, climate and other factors, wide range of feed selection, miscellaneous eating habits and strong tolerance to coarse materials. In 2007, Shuangyang Deer Industry Association filed an application for trademark registration of Shuangyang Sika Deer with the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. In April 2008, the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce approved the registration. The acquisition of the geographical indication certification trademark of Shuangyang sika deer has ended the history that there is no geographical indication certification trademark in Shuangyang and even Changchun, which is of great significance for building the brand of "the hometown of sika deer in China", realizing the prosperity of the people and strengthening the region, and accelerating the integration of sika deer industry with the international community.

In August 2008, during the 4th China Sika Deer Products Fair, Shuangyang District held a press conference on "Shuangyang Sika Deer Geographical Indication Certification Trademark" at Changchun Convention and Exhibition Center Hotel. 20 10 At the 10th China Specialty Culture Festival and the 1st China Geographical Indications Culture Festival held in Beijing, Wang Mingde, the former head of Shuangyang District, was awarded the title of meritorious person by the organizing committee of the Cultural Festival, and the Deer Industry Association of Shuangyang District was rated as an advanced unit. Zhang Lixin, the former deputy head of Shuangyang District, made a report on "Building Geographical Indications Trademarks with All Efforts, Making Sika Deer Industry Bigger and Stronger" at the China Special Economic Summit Forum, which was affirmed and praised by people from all walks of life.

The use of "Shuangyang sika deer" geographical indication certification trademark has brought great vitality to Shuangyang sika deer industry. The status of Shuangyang sika deer is more prominent and obvious, and the behavior of counterfeiting Shuangyang sika deer products is obviously reduced, further enhancing the market competitiveness of Shuangyang sika deer. In terms of increasing income and getting rich, before obtaining the geographical indication certification trademark of "Shuangyang Sika Deer", in 2007, the per capita income of deer farmers in the whole region directly from selling deer and deer products was only 1.500 yuan, accounting for 35.5% of the per capita net income of deer farmers in that year; After obtaining the certification trademark, the per capita net income of deer farmers reached 3,800 yuan in 2009, more than twice that of 2007, accounting for 65% of the per capita net income of deer farmers. Sika deer industry has become an important pillar for farmers in Shuangyang to increase their income and get rich. In terms of production, processing and sales, geographical indication certification trademarks have promoted the development of Shuangyang deer industry, and the deer industrial park has begun to take shape. Key processing enterprises such as Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical, Changshuang Deer Industry and Lujinke Technology have successively settled in the park, and more than 30 kinds of health products produced in six categories/kloc-0 have been exported to southeast coastal cities. Some deer products have a certain market share in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia. In the development of tourism, deer tourism resources are favored by investors, and a number of deer watching, playing and tasting tourism industries are being developed. Shuangyang is relying on sika deer industrial park to make deer and deer by-products industry bigger and stronger, and strive to build Shuangyang into the largest sika deer industrial base in China. On March 1 day, 2007, with the approval of Shuangyang Civil Affairs Bureau, Shuangyang Deer Industry Association was established. The association is a social organization with independent legal personality, with members 1200.

On the premise of abiding by national laws and regulations and social ethics, the Association aims at coordination, self-discipline, service and development, takes the promotion of regional economic development as the center, and takes the development and expansion of the characteristic industry of Shuangyang sika deer as the working goal, and extensively carries out services such as deer breeding, product processing and sales, intermediary consultation and information exchange, and adopts consulting, training, agency, research and guidance to promote the technological progress and perfection of enterprises.

Scope of work of the association: according to the relevant requirements of the state, standardize the member units of deer trade association, implement the standards of deer and deer by-products, formulate and publish the guided prices of live deer and antler every year according to the market situation and information, send information briefings to members every month, implement network services, train members, supervise the market, standardize the production and operation behavior of member units, provide scientific and technological services for member enterprises, and develop and expand deep processing enterprises at the same time.

The highest authority of the association is the general assembly or the representative assembly, which is responsible for formulating and amending the articles of association, electing and dismissing members of the Council, deliberating the work report and financial report of the Council, and deciding on other major matters and termination matters. The general meeting or congress elects the Council, which is responsible for implementing the resolutions of the general meeting or congress, electing and dismissing the president, vice president, secretary-general and deputy secretary-general, preparing for the convening of the general meeting (or congress), regularly reporting the work and financial situation to the general meeting (or congress), deciding on the recruitment or dismissal of members, setting up offices, branches and agencies, and appointing the principal responsible persons of various institutions to lead the association. The Association has a president, a vice-president, a secretary-general and a deputy secretary-general, who are elected by the Council. The term of office of each Council and its president, vice president, secretary-general and deputy secretary-general is five years.

On May 25th, 2007, Shuangyang Deer Industry Association held its first general meeting and its founding meeting. The meeting elected the first Council of Shuangyang Deer Industry Association, with 35 directors, president 1 person, vice president 1 person, secretary general1person and 2 deputy secretaries-general. From 2007 to 20 12, the first board of directors of Shuangyang Deer Industry Association organized three board meetings, formulated and adopted the Articles of Association of Shuangyang Deer Industry Association of Changchun City and the Rules and Regulations of the Board of Directors of Shuangyang Deer Industry Association, and organized and implemented the Implementation Plan for Carrying out the Proof Work of Geographical Indication Trademarks of Shuangyang Sika Deer and the Proposal for Building Honest Deer Deer and Standardizing Management.

On June 5, 20 12, Shuangyang Deer Industry Association held the second general meeting and general election meeting. The meeting elected the second Council of Shuangyang Deer Industry Association, with 45 directors, president 1 person, vice president 165438, secretary-general 1 person and 2 deputy secretaries-general. This Council will make arrangements for the future work of the association: first, strengthen communication and lay a good policy card; Second, keep pace with the times, make use of the external brain, and do a good job in tackling scientific and technological problems; Third, inline extension to build a development platform together; Fourth, strengthen publicity and market management; The fifth is to thread the needle and do a good job. At the same time, the "20 12 market price guidance for sika deer fresh antler" was released.

history

According to the Records of Shuangyang County, sika deer were raised in Pangutun (Manchu: the place where deer were raised) in Luxiang Town, Shuangyang District during the light years of Qing Dynasty. This is also recorded in the stone tablets unearthed in Pangutun. Including the legend that there was a rich man named Cui Baozi in Pangutun in the past, and the story of luring deer to raise deer also shows that Shuangyang has a history of artificial deer raising for more than 300 years.

In 2000, a sewage treatment plant was built in Lishutun, Shuangyang District, Changchun Water Supply Company. The excavation depth was about 10 meter, and many paleontological fossils were found. Among them is a skull fossil with branches and horns. According to textual research, this fossil is sika deer fossil. It can be inferred that sika deer existed in the primitive society of Shuangyang 5000 years ago.