Main buildings of Nanjing Presidential Palace

The gatehouse of Nanjing Presidential Palace is a landmark building of the Republic of China with a history of 83 years. The original site is the first gate of the Governor's Office of Liangjiang River in Qing Dynasty. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the "True Glory Gate" of the Heavenly Palace was built, also known as "Imperial Gate" or "Phoenix Gate". 1864, after the Qing army invaded Tianjing, this gate was demolished to rebuild the gate of Liangjiang Governor's Office. After the establishment of the National Government, this western classical porch building with reinforced concrete structure was newly built in 1929. 1937 12 Nanjing fell, and the Japanese army held a ceremony to enter the city in front of the city gate, and hung the' re sign of the Sixteenth Division on the edge of the city gate. Then there is the gate of the "Reform Government of the Republic of China" and the Wang Puppet Government Supervision Institute. 1946 After the National Government was still the capital of Nanjing, it was also the gate of the National Government. 1948 A "big constitutional country" was held in May, and the chairman was renamed "President", that is, the word "national government" was embedded in the presidential palace. It was not until April 23rd 1949 that the PLA planted the red flag in the gatehouse of the Presidential Palace. The house facing the landlord is a Qing dynasty building, which is the official, household and ritual room of the governor of Liangjiang. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, officials waited for an audience with the heavenly king. Later, it was the military building of the Presidential Guard.

Xifu, built in the Qing Dynasty, is the military, criminal and industrial residence of the Governor of Liangjiang. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, officials waited for an audience with the heavenly king. Later, it was the traffic section of the presidential palace and the barracks of the guard regiment. Lobby The lobby of the Presidential Palace is a Chinese-style building, with five rooms, seven rooms wide, hard-topped single-story double eaves, connecting with the two halls and the hall, showing an "I"-shaped hall. Originally the Golden Dragon Hall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, also known as the Glory Hall, it is said that Hong Xiuquan was buried here after his death. After the Qing soldiers captured Tianjing, the main hall was destroyed, and the lobby of Liangjiang Governor's Office was rebuilt in the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870). 1 912 65438+1October1Sun Yat-sen's inauguration ceremony as interim president of the Republic of China was held in Xinuange, just behind the lobby. 1927 After the National Government made Nanjing its capital, it served as the lobby of the National Government. 1929 When the National Government was partially rebuilt, Sun Yat-sen's handwritten plaque "The world is public" was hung on the central beam in the lobby. Later, the lobby was used by the National Government and the Presidential Palace. It is well preserved so far. Two halls and two halls, also known as nave, were built in the late Qing Dynasty and were originally the inner palace buildings of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. During the period of Governor of Liangjiang, there were two halls. During the Republic of China, it was a place for ceremonial activities, such as foreign envoys presenting their credentials to the head of China government and holding various ceremonies. A courtesy meeting was held here before the talks. During the Republic of China, it was rebuilt many times, and the interior maintained Chinese style, but outside the north wall was a western-style porch. The reception room of the Presidential Palace was a place where Chiang Kai-shek, Lin Sen or Li Zongren had a short rest before the official ceremony during the period of the National Government and the Presidential Palace, and also served as the reception room for internal guests. There is a suite as Chiang Kai-shek's temporary office, and sometimes Chiang Kai-shek works here instead of the presidential building. 1946 Kuomintang-Communist negotiations were also held here. On February 27th, 1949, "Acting President" Li Zongren met with Yan Huiqing, Zhang, the "Shanghai Peace Delegation" who came back from Beiping. Qilinmen Qilinmen is a rectangular wooden door in Shuang Ye, painted with bright red paint, which divides the central axis into two sections. In order to show the majesty of the chairman and the president, they are generally closed and only opened when Chiang Kai-shek arrives. Others can only bypass the doors on both sides. There are two stone Kirin squatting in front of the door, hence the name "Kirin Gate". The door was demolished in the early 1960s+0950s, and there were obvious gaps in the ground. City Council Building City Council Building is a two-story European-style building with seven verandahs and the top of Hongwashe Mountain. Built in the middle of 1920s. The former office building of Jiangsu Sun Governor's Office was the office building of the Civil Affairs Office of the National Government in the 1930' s, and later it was the office building of the Official Documents Bureau of the National Government and the President's Administration Bureau. The Civil Affairs Bureau is mainly responsible for drafting important manuscripts, reviewing and forwarding confidential documents and other party and government affairs. Chiang Kai-shek's political adviser and Chen Bulei also worked here. Zichao Building Zichao Building is located at the northern end of the central axis of the presidential palace. It was built under the auspices of Lin Sen, chairman of the National Government. Lin Sen is Zichao, who served as the chairman of the National Government for the longest time, so people used to call it Zichao Building. Zichao Building is a new national building in China, also known as modern building, which is a typical public administration building in the Republic of China. It was built by Nanjing Luchuang Construction Factory at a cost of 106952 yuan (silver) and designed by Yu Binglie.

Sub-super building has five main floors and six local floors. On the first floor, it is the Civil Service Department of the National Government first, and then the secretarial office of the Presidential Palace. On the second floor are the offices of the President and the Vice President. This one facing south is Chiang Kai-shek's office, and this one facing north is the office of Vice President Li Zongren. The third floor is the national government conference room. The two cedars in front of the building were planted by Lin Sen, chairman of the National Government, and the saplings were imported from India, which were expensive in inches. The one on the right died 20 1 1.

Zichao Building started construction on 1934, was completed at the end of 1935, and officially opened in early 1936. 1937 12 Japanese troops invaded Nanjing, and this building was occupied by the Japanese Nakajima Army and the 16th Division. /kloc-0 became the office building of the executive yuan of the pseudo-reform government in March, 938. 1940 After the establishment of the puppet government in March, it became the office space of the puppet Legislative Yuan, the Supervisory Yuan and so on. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the National Government returned to Nanjing from Chongqing, and this building served as the office building of the National Government and the presidential palace successively. President Lin Sen's Office, President Chiang Kai-shek's Office, Vice President Li Zongren's Office, Secretary General's Office and the State Council Conference Hall are all included. The president's office is located in the southeast corner of the second floor of the president's office building (Zichao Building). This is a three-room suite, which used to be Chiang Kai-shek's office. The middle room is the office. There is a huge table near the window. There is a desk calendar on the desk. The date of the desk calendar is still1April 23rd, 949. This day is the liberation day of Nanjing, where history is frozen. A special leather swivel chair, a huge photo of Chiang Kai-shek in military uniform hanging above the sofa for visitors, a filing cabinet embedded in the surrounding wall, and a frosted glass chandelier imported from Lyon, France hanging on the roof. The east room of the office is a lounge with a bathroom. The west room is the study and reception room. Xuyuan Xiyuan is a typical Jiangnan garden, which is integrated with the Presidential Palace. So far, many famous sites and scenic spots have been preserved, such as Shifang, Xijialou, Forgetting Flying Pavilion, Yilan Pavilion and Xinying Stone House. In the early Ming Dynasty, it was the Han Palace Garden, named after the word "Xu" in Zhu's name. Qing dynasty was the garden of liangjiang governor's office. When the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom built the Chinese Palace, it was expanded, because the garden was located on the west side of the palace, also known as the "West Garden", which was symmetrical with the East Garden. The Qing army was destroyed when it broke the city, and Zeng Guofan was rebuilt.

19 12 1 October, the provisional government of the Republic of China was established, and the temporary President Sun Yat-sen's office and living room were in the park. Later, he served as the office of the left-behind government in Nanjing, the governor government in Jiangsu and the governor government. 1927 After the establishment of the National Government in April, the General Command of the National Revolutionary Army, the Military Commission and the Military Affairs Bureau of the Presidential Palace all set up offices in the park. Release Pavilion Release Pavilion, commonly known as Yuanyang Pavilion, was the only release pavilion in Jiangnan before the Republic of China. Fang Sheng, also known as Shuang Ling, refers to the overlapping of two diamonds. The base of the pavilion wins, and the top is double-topped, which looks like a double pavilion from a distance, but a pavilion is independent, small and exquisite, and quite chic. The cornice is upturned, like a mandarin duck who just wants to fly. There is a large painted sparrow between the beams and columns, which is one of the characteristics of Qing architecture. Because it rarely uses a bucket arch, we have to add this diagonal brace in order to highlight the eaves. In the exhibition hall, we can see some animal sculptures, such as dragons, phoenixes and liger. Shifang, also known as the single boat, was built on a bluestone platform and made of 10 layers of giant bluestone. On weekdays, when Taiping Lake is full, people can only see three or four floors below the ship's rail. Now, after the lake is drained, the six layers of bluestone that have been submerged all the year round are in the sky. They are 3 meters high and their edges are carefully polished into arcs, showing the beautiful radian of the wooden boat outline. The most brilliant thing is that the stern is not tied, and a whole piece of bluestone carved stern rudder is dragged in the middle. The rudder rod protrudes out of the water, and even the rudder ring for fixing the stern rudder is clearly carved. Duan Fang, Governor of Liangjiang River in Qing Dynasty, visited Europe. Influenced by western ideas, 1909, he began to imitate the French Renaissance style to build this building. Before the completion, he went to Sichuan to suppress the revolutionary party on the orders of the Qing court. The building was completed in 19 10, when the newly re-elected governor (the last governor) Zhang took office. Because it is located in the West Garden on the west side of the Governor's Office, it is also called "West Flower Hall". The whole building faces south and has seven bays. 1 91265438+1October1,Sun Yat-sen became the interim president of the Republic of China, which was then the office of the president. 65438+1October 2 1, the first cabinet meeting of the provisional government of the Republic of China was also held here. Later, he successively served as the offices of Nanjing Liu Shou House, Jiangsu Yuan Qiu Army General Command, Jiangsu Dudufu, Military Supervision Department, National Revolutionary Army General Command (Northern Expeditionary Army General Command), National Government Military Commission, Staff Headquarters (Military Command Department) and other institutions. Sun Yat-sen's living room Sun Yat-sen's living room was built in 1909, with a small blue tile hard roof and two floors of Chinese architecture. This used to be the residence of Dr. Xuan, the governor of the two rivers in the Qing Dynasty. 191265438+1From October to April, Sun Yat-sen lived here during his tenure as the interim president of the Republic of China. Upstairs are bedrooms and offices, downstairs are reception rooms and restaurants, as well as guard rooms and kitchens. When the eldest son Sun Ke and Sun Yat-sen's wife Lu Muzhen came to Nanjing with their daughters Sun Ying and Sun Wan, they also lived here with Sun Yat-sen.. On March 25th, Mrs Lu left Nanjing, and the two women were taken care of by Song Ailing, Sun Yat-sen's English secretary. Until April 3, Sun Yat-sen left office. A pair of white marble goldfish bowls in the hospital were presented to Sun Yat-sen by overseas Chinese. Fuyuan Fuyuan is the garden of Liangjiang Governor's Office in Qing Dynasty. Dongyuan was built during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. There are stone boats, lakes, rockeries, pavilions and other buildings. 1864 the Qing army was destroyed when it broke ground in Beijing. During the period of the National Government, it was once a part of the Executive Yuan. In 2002, a part of the original East Garden was rebuilt according to historical materials. The general office of the Executive Yuan was built in June 1934. There are the office of the president, the office of the vice president, the office of the secretary general, the office of the administrative director of the Executive Yuan, as well as the conference room, general office and audit room. The Executive Yuan is the highest administrative organ of the National Government. Founded on125 October, 1928, it is in charge of internal affairs, foreign affairs, finance, economy, military and political affairs, culture, education and other administrative affairs. The hospital has various ministries and commissions and various administrative powers. 1937165438+1October, the Executive Yuan moved to Chongqing with the National Government. During the Japanese puppet regime, it became the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Communications. 1946 After returning to Nanjing in May, the Executive Yuan moved to the former Ministry of Railways and served as the office of the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Ministry of Water Resources and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission of the National Government until 1949, when the Executive Yuan moved to Guangzhou. The stables here are those of the Qing Dynasty Governor's Office and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. During the period of the National Government and the Presidential Palace, it was once the barracks of the transportation team, military band, guard team and cleaning team of the General Affairs Bureau. This is the restoration of the stable. Centennial Monument of Uprising The Centennial Monument of Uprising of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is made of white marble, and the monument is a palindrome. The tablet is engraved with an inscription written by Luo Ergang, a famous historian of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, with a total of 322 words. On the occasion of 195 1 Commemorating the 0/00th anniversary of the Taiping Rebellion/KLOC-0, the Nanjing Centennial Preparatory Meeting decided to erect a monument and suggested that the main leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China write inscriptions for the monument. Mao Zedong suggested that Guo Moruo and Guo, then vice presidents of the Government Affairs Institute, write the words "1 1" in one stroke. On June 1 952+1October1,the monument was erected in front of the flower bed outside Dazhai in the south of the presidential gate. On August 3, 2002, the monument in front of the presidential palace was demolished due to the widening of the Yangtze River Road. In June 5438+February, 2006, it was erected again in Dongyuan.