What reference does Roosevelt's New Deal have for our socialist construction today?

1. Strengthen financial supervision, implement correct monetary policy and guard against financial risks.

Modern financial policies have a great regulating effect on the national economy, and most modern economic crises are caused by the chaos in the financial field. Since last year, the financial crisis in Southeast Asia has affected many countries. Due to the sound economic development, China has maintained the stability of the financial market and the RMB exchange rate. However, we must learn from it and take active measures to prevent and solve the possible negative effects. In fact, the financial crisis has had a significant impact on labor-intensive enterprises whose products are mainly exported to Southeast Asian countries, which will make the business situation of some enterprises more severe and lead to more and more workers being laid off and unemployed. This also warns us that we should always pay attention to the negative impact of the rapid expansion of virtual capital, prevent the emergence of "bubble economy", maintain moderate foreign exchange reserves, strengthen financial supervision, discover and evacuate financial risks in time, and cautiously open foreign capital and financial markets. At the same time, we should vigorously optimize the industrial and product structure, realize the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of economic growth mode as soon as possible, strive to eliminate the hidden dangers caused by investment expansion, overheated real estate and stock markets, low-level redundant construction, and the sharp increase of non-performing assets of financial institutions, make all kinds of preparations to resist the financial crisis, and prevent financial policy mistakes from bringing undue losses to the national economy and the lives of the broad masses of the people.

2. Work for relief and start the market.

The government's increasing investment in infrastructure can usually bring social total demand and national income several times that of investment, which plays a "multiplier effect" in economics. In this regard, the "New Deal" is a model to help the unemployed by establishing infrastructure and public projects, which is obvious to all. At present, the lag of infrastructure construction is still a "bottleneck" restricting China's economic development. The impact of the Asian financial turmoil also makes it more urgent and necessary to ensure the sustained growth of the national economy by increasing domestic investment and domestic demand. We have many advantages in implementing this strategic measure: the savings balance of urban and rural residents is nearly 5 trillion yuan, the savings rate is much higher than that of other countries, there are more than180 billion yuan of foreign exchange reserves and foreign currency deposits, and there are trillions of yuan of cash and liquidity in the society; There are all kinds of stocks and overstocked materials of nearly 10 million yuan, with abundant grain reserves; State-owned collective enterprises in various parts of the country have factories, equipment and venues with assets of trillions of yuan, and there are blind construction, repeated investment projects and half-baked projects formed under the fragmented system. At the same time, China's abundant labor resources also urgently need to display their talents in these fields and open up new employment opportunities. According to the needs of economic growth and structural adjustment, the central government has taken some necessary measures to expand domestic demand and increase investment, and put forward a plan to increase government investment by 750 billion US dollars within three years. The urgent task is to strengthen the start-up of investment, concentrate all available funds to issue construction bonds to the society, build public projects such as farmland water conservancy, railways, highways, cultural and sports facilities in batches nationwide in a planned way, develop a number of labor-intensive industries with less investment and quick results, increase employment, raise the income level of all citizens, effectively stimulate rational consumption, promote production, and form "economic growth, wealth increase, income increase, income increase" as soon as possible.

3. Pay attention to the protection and development of national industries.

Since the reform and opening up, China has gradually formed a situation in which various economic components coexist. Due to the adoption of a series of preferential policies by the state, "foreign capital" has shown a sharp upward trend in recent years, which has played an important role in strengthening China's overall economic strength, promoting scientific and technological progress of enterprises and upgrading products, but it has also squeezed the development of national industries. There is no doubt that we should continue to implement the policy of attracting foreign investment, but formulating the policy of safeguarding national industries is a major plan related to China's long-term development. Collective enterprises, township enterprises and individual and private enterprises are all important components of the socialist economy. We should create a more relaxed environment for them and provide preferential policies, especially credit policies, to promote their faster and better development. Only by creating a more suitable policy and social environment for national industries, reducing their tax burden, and attaching importance to scientific and technological transformation and scientific management can we gradually enhance their ability of self-accumulation, self-development and self-transformation and their market competitiveness, attract more capital and resources to flow to industries, create more employment opportunities, and absorb rural surplus labor. Accelerate industrialization and modernization.

4. Attach importance to agriculture and strengthen the foundation.

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy. Without the modernization of agriculture, there will be no modernization of the whole country, no well-off of farmers, and no well-off of the whole people. Roosevelt's "New Deal" considered the prosperity of the city and the revitalization of the countryside together, emphasizing that "if the rural population does not have enough purchasing power to buy shoes, clothes and cars, then the industrial center will also be damaged". In policy, the government attaches great importance to agricultural relief, afforestation and the development of electric power resources. The vast majority of our population lives in rural areas. In recent years, the basic position of agriculture has actually been weakened to some extent in the voice of "strengthening", and the rural market is far from being developed. The responsibility system based on household contract system has brought benefits to farmers, but the untimely and disorderly intervention in agriculture, the difficulty in selling agricultural and sideline products and the increasing burden on farmers have offset this benefit from time to time. There are a large number of surplus labor in rural areas, but there are still a large number of grassland, desert, barren hills, beaches and other resources that cannot be developed. The slow growth of farmers' income and the shrinking of the rural market are important factors for the insufficient effective demand of the whole society and the laid-off workers of state-owned enterprises. No matter from the perspective of social stability, coordinated development of urban and rural areas, or from the perspective of improving the quality and civilization of the Chinese nation, we must attach importance to and strengthen the research on agriculture and rural issues, formulate feasible rural economic development plans from a macro perspective, further support, guide and help "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" in policy, and realize rural development, increase agricultural production and increase farmers' income. At present, there is great potential in starting the rural market, starting the second venture of township enterprises, developing the rural individual and private economy, adjusting the rural economic structure, and developing and utilizing rural idle resources. In addition to policies, science and technology, and investment, it is the right choice to actively guide and encourage rural surplus labor and laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and institutions to join these fields and give full play to their intelligence.

5. Make full use of human resources and vigorously promote the re-employment project.

The reform we are carrying out now is actually the second liberation movement of productive forces since the rural reform in the 1980s. Labor force is always the most active and creative factor in productivity. Rich and cheap labor resources are unique and huge input factors for developing countries. A poor genius, if the only purpose of life is to think about how to stop starving, then even if he is a hero in the world, it is hard to use it. In China, a large number of laid-off cadres and workers from government institutions and state-owned enterprises are mostly outstanding talents from all walks of life, or at least skilled workers with certain cultural literacy. Under the original system, these huge resources have not been rationally allocated, some have been idle for a long time, and some have even done the opposite, resulting in negative economic benefits, which is the greatest waste. Looking back on the course of rural reform, one of the keys to success is that the responsibility system based on the household contract system has mobilized farmers' enthusiasm and provided a broad stage for their intelligence to give full play. At present, compared with the rural labor force, the laid-off labor force has greater advantages in knowledge structure, technical level, management ability and internal and external communication, and is a valuable asset. Once these labor resources are rationally allocated and optimally combined, they will become a great force to promote China's economic construction. Governments at all levels have the responsibility to make good use of these human resources. All government departments should take this as the goal, formulate feasible work plans according to their respective responsibilities, gradually establish and improve the systematic re-employment mechanism, do a good job in employment services, speed up the construction of the labor market, establish and improve the information network of labor supply and demand, provide laid-off workers with job search and recruitment information, strengthen employment guidance and training, and guide laid-off workers to choose their own jobs. Self-employment and relying on market employment, improve the re-employment ability in many ways, create a good social atmosphere for the implementation of the re-employment project, and strive to make the country.

6. Establish a basic living security system for laid-off workers.

Among the laid-off workers in China, state-owned enterprises account for the vast majority. For decades, they have made indelible contributions to national economic construction, reform and opening up, and enterprise development and growth. There are many factors that cause many state-owned enterprises to get into trouble and have too many redundant staff. For a long time, in terms of employment mode and employment system, we have adopted the mode of contracting out labor by the state, mainly state-owned enterprises. There are also some problems, such as blind construction and repeated construction, which lead to no market for products and unsustainable business operation. Some enterprises have to be laid off and unemployed because of improper employment and poor management; Some state-owned enterprises' operating mechanism is slow to change, which does not meet the requirements of market economy development; Some are due to the adjustment of enterprise products, technology and economic structure, which leads to employee adjustment and job transfer, and so on. Most of the existing government agencies are the products of planned economy, and several reforms have failed to get out of the strange circle of "expansion-streamlining-re-expansion-streamlining", resulting in more and more personnel, but their functions have not changed much, and some even played some negative roles under the conditions of developing socialist market economy. The surplus staff of these enterprises and institutions are bound to bear the brunt of the reform process and take the lead in joining the ranks of laid-off workers, which is the general trend. However, these people are by no means a burden to society. Their practical actions of being laid off have created a good environment for the country's various reforms and made contributions to society in a special way. The government and the whole society should try their best to solve their difficulties. The initial measure of Roosevelt's "New Deal" was the establishment of the Federal Emergency Relief Agency, and the government allocated special funds to provide jobs for the unemployed. If they can't find a job for a while, they will be used as necessary food, clothing, housing and transportation expenses. We are glad to see that the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and local party committees and governments at all levels have a clear understanding of this and are implementing it in various practical actions. The recent conference on basic living security and reemployment of laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises made corresponding arrangements, and defined the respective responsibilities of the government, enterprises and society. In China, because the phenomenon of laid-off and unemployment has appeared for a short time, and the government's re-employment mechanism and measures are not perfect and matching, ensuring the basic living expenses of laid-off and unemployed people before re-employment is the most critical link, especially important, which is related to the vital interests of the workers, the party's policy of relying on the working class wholeheartedly, and the overall situation of economic development, social stability and long-term stability of the country. We must attach great importance to it and do it earnestly.

7. Improve laws and regulations to ensure the smooth progress of various reforms.

Market economy is legal economy. The development of modern economy is inseparable from the gradual improvement of laws. One of the successful experiences of Roosevelt's New Deal Government was the promulgation and implementation of a set of laws and regulations and the determination of New Deal measures in the form of legislation. For example, the Agricultural Adjustment Law, the National Industrial Revival Law, the Social Security Law and the Wage and Working Hours Law have been promulgated successively. In the process of transition to market economy system, China's employment policy has changed from "one size fits all" to guiding employment, and from government resettlement to market regulation. With the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises, laid-off, unemployment and re-employment have increasingly become new economic phenomena. It is urgent for government departments to establish social security in an all-round way and provide unemployment, work injury insurance, maternity insurance and medical insurance for laid-off workers. In particular, it is necessary to promote the establishment of a social security system through legal means, which will not only help the broad masses of workers not to rely too much on relief, but also maintain their basic purchasing power and reduce the impact of economic difficulties on them. Efforts should be made to maintain the seriousness of various policies and regulations, ensure that laws are strictly enforced, and at the same time maintain the continuity of policies to avoid conflicts and collisions in implementation. While encouraging laid-off workers to actively engage in the individual and private economy, we must ensure that we stop arbitrarily apportioning, raising funds and imposing fines on them, and truly protect their legitimate rights and interests according to law.

8. Effectively transform government functions.

It is the responsibility of the government to ensure the normal operation of the national economy and the full employment of citizens. The development of modern social economy is increasingly inseparable from the normal intervention and macro-control of the government. Looking back on the history of human development, people will find that the superstructure must adapt to the economic base, otherwise it will become a shackle that binds the development of productive forces. Whenever the productive forces reach a critical turning point, the government system will inevitably change accordingly. The basic framework of current government institutions in China was gradually formed under the original planned economy. Although there have been many adjustments and reforms in the past, due to the constraints of historical conditions and macro-environment, many problems have not been fundamentally solved, and the contradiction with the development of socialist market economy has become increasingly prominent, which has reached the point where it must be changed. The first session of the Ninth National People's Congress has made clear the basic idea of government institutional reform, and the government's own reform has gradually been included in the agenda of governments at all levels. The significance of institutional reform is not only to abolish institutions and reduce redundant staff, but also to completely change the traditional way of governing the country and adopt advanced scientific methods to quickly adapt to the requirements of the wave of economic globalization. In accordance with this requirement, in line with the principle of simplification, unification and efficiency, we should focus on transforming government functions, separating government from enterprises, establishing a scientific and standardized operating mechanism, strengthening government departments, merging and canceling, rationally adjusting departmental responsibilities and authorities, strengthening macro-control and law enforcement supervision departments, clarifying the division of responsibilities between departments, and improving the administrative operating mechanism, and never allowing several departments to do one thing.

It is the responsibility of the government to ensure the normal operation of the national economy and the full employment of citizens. The development of modern social economy is increasingly inseparable from the normal intervention and macro-control of the government. Looking back on the history of human development, people will find that the superstructure must adapt to the economic base, otherwise it will become a shackle that binds the development of productive forces. Whenever the productive forces reach a critical turning point, the government system will inevitably change accordingly. The basic framework of current government institutions in China was gradually formed under the original planned economy. Although there have been many adjustments and reforms in the past, due to the constraints of historical conditions and macro-environment, many problems have not been fundamentally solved, and the contradiction with the development of socialist market economy has become increasingly prominent, which has reached the point where it must be changed. The first session of the Ninth National People's Congress has made clear the basic idea of government institutional reform, and the government's own reform has gradually been included in the agenda of governments at all levels. The significance of institutional reform is not only to abolish institutions and reduce redundant staff, but also to completely change the traditional way of governing the country and adopt advanced scientific methods to quickly adapt to the requirements of the wave of economic globalization. In accordance with this requirement, in line with the principle of simplification, unification and efficiency, we should focus on transforming government functions, separating government from enterprise, establishing a scientific and standardized operation mechanism, strengthening government departments, merging and canceling, rationally adjusting departmental responsibilities and authorities, strengthening macro-control and law enforcement supervision departments, clarifying the division of responsibilities between departments, and improving the administrative operation mechanism, and never allowing several departments to do one thing.