Similarly, in the face of the Japanese army, the red flag of Qiongya column has not fallen for 23 years. Why is it difficult to persist in the Northeast Anti-Union?

Author: rivers and lakes forget each other

During the Anti-Japanese War, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Forces echoed Hainan Qiongya Column from a distance.

However, during the most difficult period in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Northeast Anti-Union, which had more troops, a wider range of activities and a greater influence on Japan, could not continue to persist in China, and was forced to move to the north of Heilongjiang and the east of Yalu River and Tumen River, with fewer than 1,000 survivors.

On the contrary, Hainan's Qiongya column has experienced ups and downs, with only 25 people including Feng Baiju at the lowest point. However, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Qiongya column has grown to more than 8,000 people. When the Fourth Field Army liberated Hainan, more than 20,000 "Red Army" troops were waiting for them.

Why can Qiongya Column insist on "the red flag will not fall for 23 years", but the Northeast Anti-Union can't insist on it in China?

Geographically, the severe cold in the northeast is much more difficult than the intense heat in Hainan.

In a narrow sense, the three northeastern provinces, Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, cover 780,000 square kilometers. In a broad sense, in addition to the three provinces, the Northeast also includes five city alliances, including Hulunbeier in eastern Inner Mongolia, and Chengde and Qinhuangdao in Hebei, with a total area of 654.38+0.52 million square kilometers.

But the climate in Northeast China is cold, and almost half of the time is winter every year. It is very difficult to March, fight and eat in winter, and even can't find a place to live. It is difficult to survive in such a harsh environment. Northeast China is vast and sparsely populated, with less than 26 million people. In order to survive, the Northeast Anti-Union must fight with heaven and earth.

Hainan Island covers an area of 32,000 square kilometers, which was previously under the jurisdiction of Guangdong for a long time. Hainan Island is flat around and high in the middle, and Wuzhishan is among them. There are mountains, hills, terraced fields and plains on the island. There is plenty of warm and hot rainfall all year round, and crops and fruits keep coming all year round. During the six years of Japanese aggression, Hainan had a population of 2.2 million to 2.4 million, and the survival pressure of Qiongya column was much less than that of Northeast Anti-Union Movement.

Therefore, from the perspective of living environment, the Northeast Anti-Union Movement is not as favorable as the Qiongya Column. When Hainan Island was liberated, the Fourth Field Army saw that Feng Baiju's Qiongya column was still wearing clothes from the Red Army period, but eight years ago, the Northeast Anti-Union could not keep China.

Judging from the strength of the opponents faced by the Northeast Anti-Union and the Qiongya Column, the Northeast is far greater than Hainan.

The enemy faced by the Northeast Anti-Union is the notorious Japanese Kwantung Army, which can be called the most elite army of the Japanese army.

The predecessor of the Kwantung Army in Northeast Japan was 1904, a division of the Japanese army when the Russo-Japanese War broke out. At that time, there were only two divisions with 40,000 people. 19 19, the Japanese kwantung army was formally established. 193 1 After the September 18th Incident, a puppet "Manchukuo" was established in the northeast of China. In its heyday, there were as many as 6.5438+0.2 million Kwantung Army, compared with 700,000 before the Soviet attack, and the number of local police was even higher.

Due to the lack of resistance from the Northeast Army, the anti-Japanese forces in Northeast China are mainly scattered soldiers, local police, guerrillas and volunteers, with a maximum of 300,000 people. However, due to loose organization and poor combat effectiveness, it will not last long. The Northeast Anti-Union was formed on the basis of guerrillas and volunteers, but at the peak, there were only 30 thousand people, less than one twentieth of the Kwantung Army, and the living space was almost completely compressed.

1February, 939, the Japanese army invaded Hainan, mainly consisting of 8,000 people from Iida, plus some naval and air forces. On the island, there are two regiments 1600 people from Wang Yi, the brigade commander of the Fifth Brigade, seven new garrison troops 1750 people, and 250 people from Xiuyingbao, which is not too far from the Japanese army.

Therefore, compared with more than a dozen senior generals in the Northeast Anti-Japanese League, such as Yang Jingyu and Zhao Shangzhi, only Zhou Baozhong survived, although the number of Feng Baiju guerrillas in Hainan is small and has experienced ups and downs, there are still some opportunities to survive in the cracks.

The most important thing is that the strategic position of Northeast China is far better than that of Hainan Island, and Japanese rule is stricter.

Japan's occupation of northeast China was a gradual process, starting from the Russo-Japanese War in 1904 and ending with the establishment of the puppet Manchukuo in 193 1. The Japanese army implemented the system of "food for the people", which also increased the process of obscurantism of schools and daily education, so the degree of colonization in Northeast China was far greater than that in any other place in China, and the survival of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Union lost its own soil.

In addition to the cultural invasion, the Japanese army also divided the four northeastern provinces into 14 province and two special cities, Xinjing and Harbin, and then divided them into 19 province through the pseudo-Manchu Puyi in 1934, which separated the people's sense of belonging to the Northeast.

In addition, the Japanese army also immigrated more than 2 million people from China through the "Pioneering Group" and occupied the best land of the aborigines. The local people were forced to burn down their houses, leave their homes and move to designated areas, leading a miserable life. The people called it the "Back to Datun" policy.

In addition, the Japanese army also implemented the Baojia system in the northeast. People from village to village go in and out by land, and several families have returned to the era of using kitchen knives in the Yuan Dynasty, and they can't bring dry food when they go up the mountain to cut wood every day. If one person "colludes" with the Anti-Japanese League, the whole village will be implicated. Under such a harsh high-pressure policy, the Northeast Anti-Union team was wiped out by the Japanese puppet troops one after another.

1In the autumn of 942, the Korean Volunteers of the Anti-Union withdrew to the east of the Yalu River, and less than 700 people including Zhou Baozhong also moved to the Soviet Union.

Compared with the Northeast Anti-Union, the guerrillas in Hainan Island and the Qiongya column in Feng Baiju are much luckier.

As Hainan is only an island in Guangdong Province, the Japanese army invaded the island in February 1939. However, due to the fierce resistance of the residents on the island, a year later, the Japanese army only occupied the ports and some towns at both ends of Hainan Island, and the north and south were not completely opened.

Compared with the Northeast Anti-Japanese Union, which never established its own base area in 14, Feng Baiju and Qiongya Column established a relatively stable base area in Wuzhishan, so they can grow from 25 people to more than 8,000 people, and then to more than 20,000 people in Qiongzong when Hainan Island was liberated.

The third fortune of Qiongya Column is that under the leadership of Feng Baiju, Ma Baishan, Wu Kezhi and others, there has always been a strong leadership core. Although there are commanders-in-chief of Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi and Zhou Bao, and commanders of more than a dozen 1 1 armies before and after, the Northeast Anti-Union has never been able to knead into a powerful whole because of its complicated situation and vast territory.

The fourth point that Qiongya column is luckier than Northeast Anti-Union is that there are far fewer internal traitors than Northeast Anti-Union.

From the armed uprising of 1927 to the liberation of Hainan by 1950, there were traitors among the guerrillas, for which Feng Ping, commander-in-chief of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants in Qiongya, also gave his precious life. However, traitors and traitors were everywhere in the Northeast Anti-Japanese Union, and many generals such as Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi and Zhao Yiman were betrayed and sacrificed by traitors.

Of course, one thing can't be ignored. The survival of the Qiongya column is also due to "undercover".

This "undercover" is Han Liancheng, commander of the 46th Army. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, General Han Liancheng, as the commander of the 46th Army, went to Hainan to accept the Japanese advance and surrender, and at the same time "was ordered" to clear the Qiongya column in Feng Baiju. However, on the one hand, Han Liancheng was passive, on the other hand, it secretly contacted Feng Baiju.

However, because Feng Baiju and others have been isolated from the world outside Hainan Island for a long time, there is not even news of Yan 'an. Moreover, a super undercover like Han Liancheng has kept in touch with Feng Baiju several times at ordinary times, but Feng Baiju and others can't believe that he is one of their own. Not only that, the Qiongya column was ambushed while traveling in Han Liancheng, and more than 30 people under its command were killed and Han Liancheng was injured.

It was not until 195 1 that Han Liancheng, deputy commander of Lanzhou Military Region, and Feng Baiju, commander of Hainan Military Region, met in Beijing that the Prime Minister personally solved the mystery for them. It is because of General Han Liancheng's slackness that Feng Baiju has the opportunity to continue to develop.

Despite the harsh living environment, the Northeast Anti-Union was able to hold the fire because of the backing of the Soviet Union and North Korea.

In addition, in 14 War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Union contained more than 700,000 elite Kwantung Army, during which * * * fought100,000 times and * * * annihilated180,000 people, which was a brilliant figure of the first main force of the Eighth Route Army in the eight-year all-round anti-Japanese war.

Therefore, the Qiongya column in 14 War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which fought against the Union in Northeast China and liberated Hainan, left a glorious page in military history.

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