What is the surname given by Zhu Yuanzhang, a descendant of Zhennan King in Dali, Yunnan?

Brothers Duan Juren and Duan Juyi: After the Ming Dynasty pacified Yunnan, Zhu Yuanzhang named Duan Juren "Guiren", and he was an official at Yanmen Guards... Duan Zhengchun, the king of Zhennan in Dali and the general who protected the country, is today. The younger brother of Emperor Shang Baoding, he was loyal to the country and liked to make friends with wealthy people. "Han Shu Volume 70, Fu Chang, Zheng Gan, Chen Duan Biography, No. 40"

Duan Huizong's courtesy name was Zisong, and he was a native of Gui, Tianshui. ． In Jingningzhong, Du Ling ordered the Five Prefectures to promote him as the Protector of the Western Regions and the Cavalry Commander, Guanglu Dafu. The Western Regions respected his authority.

"Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Volume 65, Biography of Huangfu Zhang Duan, Volume 55"

Duan Jiong, named Ji Ming, was born in Guzang, Wuwei. He first came from Uncle Duan of Zheng, who was also the great-grandson of Huizong, the Protector of the Western Regions.

"The Biography of Jia Xu in the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms"

Jia Xu was a minister of Xiaolian. He was dismissed from the official position due to illness. When he returned to Qian in the west, he encountered a rebellion on the road. Dozens of people traveling with him were all committed to him. . Xu said: "I am the grandson of Duke Duan. Please don't bury me. My family will redeem me generously." Duan Jiong, the Taiwei at that time, had been a border general for a long time and was powerful in the western land, so he made a false accusation to fear Di. Di Guo did not dare to harm him, so he made an alliance and sent him away, and the rest died. He is not Duan's nephew, but he uses his power to help others, and this is the case.

"Book of Northern Qi, Volume 16, Biography 8, Duan Rong"

Duan Rong, courtesy name Zimao, was born in Wuwei, Guzang. Zu Xin, an official of the Juqu family, later entered the Wei Dynasty and moved to the north as a wealthy family. His family is still in Wuyuan County. Fu Lian, Sima of Anbei Prefecture...

Died in May of the second year at the age of sixty-two. He was given as a gift to the envoys Chijie, Dingji, Cangzhou and Yingzhou's military officers, Dingzhou governor, Taiwei, and Shangshu Zuopushe. His posthumous title was Zhaojing. At the beginning of the emperor's reign, he served in the temple of Emperor Gaozu. In the second year, he gave great gifts to Da Sima, Shangshu Ling and King Wuwei. The eldest son, Shao Si...

"Book of Northern Qi, Volume 16, Biography 8, Duan Shao"

Shao, whose courtesy name is Xiaoxian and whose nickname is Tiefa. He is a young man who rides and shoots, and has general talents. Emperor Gaozu regarded Empress Wuming as his sister and loved her with all his might. He always kept her by his side and regarded her as his confidant. At the beginning of Jianyi, he received the governorship of his trusted aide...

Later, he granted his father Ronggu Zangxian the title of Marquis, and his subordinate Luo County gave birth to his stepmother and brother Ning'an...

He also gave Bacheng County The Hou asked his stepmother and brother to express his filial piety...

To show his ancestors' merits, he issued an edict to reward seventy people from Wukou and granted him the title of Prince of Pingyuan County...

Shao was seriously ill, and the first army returned. . He was granted the title of Duke of Leling County based on his merit. He died of illness. He went up to the Ai Dong Hall and presented thousands of pieces of gifts, Wen Ming's secret weapon, and a chariot. Chen Wei, a soldier from the military academy, sent them to Ping'en's tomb and set up the tomb. He gave a fake Huang Yue, envoy Chijie, and Governor Shuo, and appointed Zhao Jicang, Qi Yanliang, Luo Jin, and other military officials in the twelve states as prime minister, Taiwei, Lu Shangshu Shi, and Shuozhou governor. His posthumous title was Zhongwu.

Shao left the general army and joined the army. Since his achievements were high, he focused on marriage and concubines, hoping to attract the attention of the government and the public. He is good at strategy, good at controlling the crowd, and wins the hearts of the generals. When facing the enemy, everyone will fight hard. He is also elegant, gentle and prudent, with the style of a prime minister. He taught his children a lesson, and his daughter-in-law was Yongsu. Afterward, his mother showed him filial piety, which was rare among noble families in the world.

"The 29th Juqu Mengxun in the One Hundred and Twenty-nine Records of the Jin Dynasty"

(Juqu Mengxun) beheaded the Zhongtian guards, Ma Sui, and Linsong Lingjing. Xiang made an alliance, and within ten days, there were more than ten thousand people. Based in Jinshan, he and his brother Cheng Tuiguang Jiankang Prefect Duan Ye became envoys Chijie, Grand Governor, General Longxiang, Liangzhou Mu, and Duke Jiankang. The second year of Lu Guang's Longfei year was changed to the first year of Shenxi. Ye took Mengxun as the prefect of Zhangye, and the man became the general of the auxiliary country, entrusted with military affairs...

Ye pretended to be the king of Liang, made Mengxun the minister Zuocheng, and Liang Zhongyong was the right prime minister...

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Ye is from Jingzhao. He was well versed in history and biographies, and was talented in writing rulers and tablets. He entered the recording office for Du and worked in Zhengbiao. The Confucian elders have no other power and strategy, cannot control and restrain, are good at giving orders to subordinates, and especially believe in divination, prophecy, witchcraft, and auspicious signs, so they are misled by treacherous and sycophantic people.

Some of Uncle Duan’s descendants went west to seek refuge. From Tongguan to the west, it passes through Chang'an, Fufeng, Longxian, Tianshui, Lanzhou, and ends at Wuwei, Zhangye, and Dunhuang. Those who possess military prestige actually become county commanders.

The first descendant of Uncle Duan's descendants after arriving in Wuwei was recognized as Duan Yang, the governor of the North during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty. Famous descendants include:

Duan Zhen, the prefect of Wuwei in the Western Han Dynasty

Duan Huizong, the imperial guard of the Western Regions in the Western Han Dynasty

Duan Jiong, the official of Taizhong, the commander of the Eastern Han Dynasty

Duan Yan, the governor of Shuozhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty

Duan Ji, the general of Pingdong in the Northern Wei Dynasty

Duan Rong, the governor of Shuozhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty

Duan Rong, the governor of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Qin Dynasty Duan Shao, the prime minister of the left,

Duan Da, the official minister of the Sui Dynasty, stayed in Tokyo

Duan Siyuan, the governor of Zhengzhou in the Sui Dynasty

Duan Sidao, the general of the right guard of the Sui Dynasty

Duan Wei, the governor of Yinzhou in the Tang Dynasty

Duan Huaijie, the right military general of the Tang Dynasty

Duan Pingzhong, Zuocheng, the Minister of the Tang Dynasty

Duan Xiushi, the Taiwei of the Tang Dynasty

Duan, the founding monarch of Beiliang Ye (? - 401), a native of Jingzhao, a Han nationality, was the founder of the Northern Liang Kingdom during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was originally a subordinate of Du Jin, the general of King Lu Guang of Houliang, who conquered the Western Regions and later served as the prefect of Jiankang. In the second year of Longfei's reign in Houliang, Juqunan rebelled against Houliang. Duanye was promoted to the governor, general Longxiang, Mu of Liangzhou, and Duke Jiankang. The seal of Yuan Shenxi was changed, and Juqunan became the auxiliary general and male general of the country. Cheng's cousin Juqu Mengxun became the governor of Zhangye. In the third year of Shenxi's reign, he was called King of Liang and changed to Yuan Tianxi.

Duan Ye was originally just a Confucian elder who was pushed to the throne by fate. In fact, he had no power and could not restrain his subordinates. He only believed in divination and witchcraft. Duan Ye has always been afraid of Juqu Mengxun's bravery, and Mengxun also wanted to get rid of Duan Ye.

In the third year of Tianxi, Mengxun falsely accused Duanye of treason and Duanye killed him. Mengxun used this as an excuse to attack Duanye. Duanye was defeated and killed, and Mengxun succeeded him as the monarch of Northern Liang.

Although Duan Ye’s Beiliang is quite close to Wuwei, he himself is from Jingzhao. Is he related by blood to the Wuwei Duan family? Because there are too few historical records about this, we don’t know.

Look up the "Book of Han", "Book of Later Han", "Book of Jin", "Book of Wei", "Book of Northern Qi", "Book of Northern History", "Old Book of Tang", "New Book of Tang", "Sikuquanshu", etc. Table below:

Part 2, Wuwei Duan Clan

Legend:

The underline indicates that this person has a detailed lineage chart later in this article.

Red means that this person is the king of Liang

Duan Zhen - (great-great-grandson) Duan Huizong, the Marquis of Guan Nei - (great-grandson) Jun, the Hou of Xinfeng County - (seventh grandson of Jong) Xin

Duan Xin┬Yan? Emperor Tianxi Liang Wang Duanye

│

├Ji-Da————Wei——————┬Huaijie-Chengxiang——Pingzhong

│ │

│ └Xiushi

│

└lian—Wuwei Zhaojing Wangrong┬Pingyuan Zhongwu Wangshao┬Pingyuan Wangyi ┬Siyuan————Chongqian

│ │ │

│ │ ├Sidao————Chongjian┬Cheng

│ │ │ │

│ │ │ ├xie

│ │ │ │

│ │ │ └yi

│ │ │

│ │ └Pingyuan Wangbaoding

│ │

│ ├Jibei Wangshen

│ │

│ ├Deju

│ │

│ ├Deheng

│ │

│ └Dekan

│

│

└Luo County Male Ning'an

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白 Gutong [Ming Dynasty] "Xuanfeng Year Luck"

The Duan family was preceded by white people in Wuwei County.

There is a famous person who is thrifty in the Wei Dynasty. Zuoge Luofeng has made great contributions. After six passes, he has reached Siping and has a country.

Feng Su [Qing Dynasty] "Dian Kao: The Beginning and End of Duan's Dali"

The Duan family was first born in Wuwei County. At the end of Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, Duan Jian, Wei Zuomeng and others made meritorious deeds and were named Zhongguo. , promoted to Qingping officials. Six generations of students think of peace. There are strange signs in his life, he is long-term, has extraordinary wisdom, and serves as an envoy to the sea. Yang Qianzhen usurped the throne, thinking of Ping Tuxue and the country's anger, deeply concealing his secrets, and Qian Zhen was jealous of it. I can't help thinking about it, and I divulged it at the Xiushan Temple. He went to Badian and hid himself from his uncle Cuanpan (name). Qianzhen was in a hurry to arrest him. Siping and (Zheng) Maihe, an old official of the Gao family, were in orbit. Gao Fang was a good defender and wanted to revive, so he secretly sent people to recruit Siping.

Siping, his younger brother Siliang, and military commander Dong Jialuo left. The pursuer is behind, and they go to the "Yakushi Temple" day and night to avoid entering. The plan is to kill him, and in a short time, the pursuer is gone. If he goes out, the door will be sealed with a cobweb. Go to Pidianbo Village and get a strange halberd. There are also monsters in Yejing Lake that eat people at night, and travelers dare not enter. When Siping arrived at dusk, holding his halberd, he saw a faint light like a horse in the water. He looked closely at it. The horse could not move. He caught it. It was a divine horse. He traveled hundreds of miles in a day, and his pursuers could not catch him. While walking in the valley, I was very discouraged. I picked wild peaches, cut them open and ate them. There was a text on the core and skin, saying "Qing Xi". Think about it and talk about Dong Jialuo. They said to each other: "'Qing' is the twelfth month, and 'Xi' is the 21st. Today is the political chaos of the Yang family, should I act righteously on this day?" Then Zhi Shanju conspired with the Gao family, and the Gao family said: "All the tribes in the East can gather tens of thousands of victorious troops. They are motivated by great righteousness, but they are useless." Then they went to borrow troops, and the thirty-seven tribes of Dongfang Hei Cuan and Song Cuan came to help. Meeting in Shicheng, more than 100,000 people marched to the west with drums and were invincible. They reached the end of the river. That night, Siping dreamed that someone had beheaded him. He also dreamed that the ears of the jade bottle were missing, and he dreamed that the mirror was broken. He was afraid and dared not enter. Dong Jialuo said : "The three dreams are all auspicious, and they are going forward. The male is the husband, and the head of 'husband' is 'heaven', which is a sign of the emperor. The jade bottle with the ear removed is 'king', and it is also a sign of the king. There is a shadow in the mirror, like a person with an enemy. If the mirror is broken, there will be no shadow, and if there is no shadow, it will be invincible. All three dreams are auspicious, and they will advance. "On the first day of the lunar month, I am leading my troops to cross, but I don't know where to go. I see a woman being shackled at the end of the river." People come from the end of my river, and horses come from Sansha. The name of your country is Dali. "If you follow it, you will get relief." Then he entered the customs on December 21, the second year of Jin Tianfu. Yang Qianzhen lost the battle and led his wife to Yongchang, hoping to enter Myanmar in order to recover. Siping chased him to Wanjian Tree, hanged himself, and captured all his relatives. Si Ping established himself on his own, changed the country's name to "Dali", Duyang Jumei City, changed the name to "Wende", drove away the Yang family's evil ministers, and eliminated harsh orders. Dong Jialuo was appointed as the prime minister of the country, Gao was granted the title of military lord, and he divided and ruled Chengji, Juqiao and other places. He was granted the title of Marquis of Badian. The temple shows the mountain god, and I think about thirty-seven things, so I return to my heart from far and near.

Zhang Shu [Qing Dynasty] "Looking for the Origin of Surnames"

The Duan family of Man in Yunnan, Duan Yan did not go to Man in the late Wei Dynasty and became the chief on his behalf. His descendant Sun Ping entered the dynasty and worshiped the governor of Yunnan, showing his military prowess.

"Tongzhi of Yunnan"

Duan Siping was first from Wuwei Guzang, and after Han Dynasty Taiwei Duan Ying, the Yunnan Duan family came from Guzang.

Preface to "Seven Revisions of the Duan Family Genealogy" by Mojiang, Yunnan

The family has a genealogy, and it is necessary to make friends with each other through education, to detect the near and far, to distinguish the true from the false, and to prepare for forgetting. It must be practiced in every life, every verse must be recorded, and every good deed must be written down. The genealogy is very righteous! According to the records of Dian, it was arbitrarily imposed by the imperial edict, and I didn’t know that the Han Dynasty was great. Although the Duan family followed each other's separate regimes, they still sought scriptures, received canonizations, and were quite knowledgeable about etiquette and justice. In the seventh year of Emperor Huizong's reign in the Song Dynasty, Duan Zheng was strict and sent envoys to pay tribute, and was granted the title of King of Dali. So far, the descendants of the Duan family have multiplied in Dali and Jianchuan. Their rise and fall must be documented in genealogies. But the two places are far apart, and there is no way to consult. I will wait for future generations to make a detailed investigation. My great ancestor Long Shenggong moved to Talang (i.e. Mojiang). Due to repeated wars and fires, his family history has not been passed down. Ancestor Ben Zhen Gong, what he did is profound and long-lasting. Zu was always willing to do good deeds since he was a child, but his family was poor and had no resources, so he made a living by writing books. When he came to Beijing as an official, he took the examination for candidates. My father, Mr. Guangyu, was extremely filial by nature. My grandmother suffered from Chen's disease and had to have her legs cut off to save her. The three step-grandmothers in the past are all the same, and they are my ancestors. Each year ends with ten golden lives. There is no way to support the left and right, only to make them happy. Yongzheng Renzi, when the barbarians rebelled, he served as a constitutional committee and went to Dingnanli to recruit peace. He did not avoid hardships and dangers, and was prepared to endure hardships. He saved more than ten thousand families. After the peace, he managed the housekeeping and opened the court. The Hao brothers became civilized and military, entered the school and lived in the countryside, and were selected to pay tribute to the court. They are all the legacy of accumulating good deeds and enduring the wind and rain. Therefore, the world genealogy is detailed and noted later, and it is clear and orderly. The Gongyi Cross Sect is appended here (it is clear that his thoughts are to respect the clan and keep the fragrance). During his life, Sun Sun read the genealogy and saw that Zhao Mu was in order. The love of love will carry forward the past and open up the future. It is the one who upholds the lofty branches and high rankings, and the light of its arrogance will become spontaneous over a long period of time. No good deed goes unpunished, and good deeds are sometimes delayed. My ancestors have been virtuous for generations, so we should enjoy their prosperity. Not for his body, but for his descendants. This is bound to happen, it is a matter of course, and there is no doubt about it. But you must be noble and capable, rich and benevolent. Uncle Zhong and his younger brother share the benefits of many and benefit the few, and do not treat them as passers-by. This has lived up to the Duan family's last wish of being a loyal family heirloom, and has given me the spirit of my ancestors to live in heaven.

In the 20th year of Jiaqing, Ming Haomu, a descendant of Yihai Changzhi, was rebuilt by Rishou

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, in the Bai Autonomous Prefecture of Dali, Yunnan, Duan Siping, who was born in Bai Man, established Dali Dynasty, its descendants ruled here for 317 years (737-1053). Baiman is the Bai ethnic group, and the surname Duan has always been one of the major surnames of the Bai ethnic group. Especially after the Dali Dynasty was destroyed by the Mongolian Kublai Khan, more Bai people changed their surname to Duan. Nowadays, in the Dali area, most people have the surname Duan. This is the origin of Duan family in Yunnan.

The first emperor of Dali was named Duan Siping, his son Duan Siying, grandson Duan Sicong, etc., the names of father and son all have the word "Si" in their names. This is not the "Duan Si" family name, but a custom among the Xianbei people in the north. From this, some scholars have used this to confirm that the statement that the Duan family in Dali originated from Wuwei, Gansu is correct. Because Wuwei, Gansu Province did have such customs of northern ethnic minorities in one or two hundred years BC. The ancestors of the Duan family have lived here for a long time, so they also have this habit. Similarly, some of Duan Ganmu's descendants are also affected by this custom. Scholars of the Han people in the Central Plains were confused about this relationship and thought it was the "Duan Qian clan". Therefore, the Duan clan was divided into the Duan Qian clan and the Duan clan. In fact, they were all Duan clans. It just said that some Duan clans moved to the northwest and were slowly affected by this custom.

Judging from historical data, the Shi clan actually moved westward at that time.

The first to arrive in Yunnan was Duan Yan of the Wei Dynasty, followed by Duan Yong of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Duan Jian of the Tang Dynasty. The founder Duan Yan was from Wuwei.

Some people also believe that although the ancestors of the Duan family in Dali came from Wuwei, they were not Han Chinese in Wuwei, but the Duan family in Xianbei. They first moved to Wuwei and then to Yunnan. The most powerful evidence is the naming of the Duan family:

The father and son mainly adopt the system of double names, supplemented by the system of consecutive names, which is absolutely different from the taboo of the Han people. These are the customs of the Xianbei people in the north.

1. Double name system: the name has three characters, the second character is the same as ancestor, father and son. For example, "Duan Zhengchun, Duan Zhengyan, Duan Zhengxing", "Duan Sushun, Duan Suying, Duan Sulian"

2. Serial name system: the last character of the father's name is the second character of the son's name. For example, "Duan Silian, Duan Lianyi"

Let's take a look at the five consecutive emperors "Duan Zhixing, Duan Zhilian, Duan Zhixiang, Duan Xiangxing, Duan Xingzhi". The first three have the same name, and the last three have consecutive names. The first one And the last one is a reverse name. If it is the Han nationality, the names of five emperors in a dynasty are absolutely not allowed to be repeated like this.

There are two main explanations for the reason for the country's name "Dali"

First, Duan Siping was born in Xizhou, which is the city of Dali. The word "Li" was changed to For the word "reason", "Dali" means "great governance". The word "大" is the same as the previous words "Great Changhe Kingdom", "Great Heavenly Prosperity", and "Dayi Ningguo".

Second, it is related to the inheritance of the "big gift" used in the later period of Nanzhao.

"The Nanzhao chieftain Long Li, then pretended to be the emperor, Jianyuan Jianji, and called himself the Dali Kingdom." "New Tang Book·Nanzhao Biography"

"Dali Kingdom and Tang Shili , Li has different characters. "Fan Chengda [Southern Song Dynasty] "Guihai Yuhengzhi"

"When he arrived at Yimouxun, he moved to Shicheng, Xijun, and then moved to Yangjumei City, which is now Fuzhi. "Yuan Shi Geography"

After the Dali regime was destroyed by the Mongols, the Duan family of Dali did not end there. They continued to serve as the general managers of Dali in the Yuan Dynasty for another hundred and thirty years. Years of years. Until the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, they remained loyal to the former Yuan Dynasty and resisted the unification of the Ming Dynasty. In the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), the Ming army entered Yunnan, and Duan Shi, the last governor of the Duan family, resisted until the end.