The Huaihe River flows through Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces. The accent along the coast is also called "Huaiyin" and belongs to the northern language family. Does anyone know the origin

The Huaihe River flows through Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and other provinces. The accent along the coast is also called "Huaiyin" and belongs to the northern language family. Does anyone know the origin of Tianjin accent and "Huaiyin"?

/view/98101.htm The History of Tianjin Dialect "Dialect Island" Everyone in Tianjin knows that the words spoken by the Yangliuqing and Xianshuigu generations seem to be very "different". In the boundary of Tianjin, there is such a faint line. At the end of the line is "You (ní) did this (jiè) do (ga) (mà)" in Tianjin dialect. If you step to the other end of the line, It's like being in a foreign place.

Where is this line? In 1954, the 81-year-old Li Shiyu comprehensively identified the language dividing lines in all directions in Tianjin and established the "Tianjin

Tianjin dialect

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The theory of "Dialect Island" draws the "Tianjin Dialect Area Map".

Mr. Li told reporters that he used to live in Liangjiazui, Xitou, and he noticed a fact since he was a child: the male and female servants in his house were doing small businesses in the streets, selling vegetables, The watermelon guy, the guy who picks up shit... don't even speak Tianjin dialect. Mr. Li asked what they were talking about. They were either talking about Yangliuqing and Jinghai County, Haixia and Xianshuigu, or Wuqing County and Baiyangdian... He also discovered the fact that the words used in our spoken language are Many of the vocabulary words are inconsistent with those in textbooks, books, and newspapers, and cannot be found in dictionaries. Adults say that this is dialect or "miscellaneous language." In the early 1940s, Li Shiyu began to collect these dialects.

He said that there are many differences between Tianjin dialect and dialects in nearby areas. People who live in urban areas go to the suburbs and after walking for a while, they will find that the language has changed.

In Li Shiyu's map, seven dialect communities are marked, (1) which is the Tianjin dialect area, shaped like an inverted isosceles triangle. The old city of Tianjin is the center of Tianjin dialect. Its four directions (i.e. isoglossal lines or homologous lines, homologous circles) start from Dabizhuang in the eastern suburbs and pass through Zhaozhuangzi, Zhangguizhuang, Zhaizhuangzi, Luzhuangzi, and Beimaji in the western suburbs. , Nanmaji, Beili Bakou, Dahanzhuang, Dalubeikou, Xiaonanhe, Chencun, Houjiatai, Xingzhuangzi to Caozhuangzi. In the northwest direction of this range is (3), the northern suburbs dialect area. It is divided into two areas: A and

Tianjin

B. (5) That is the Dongjiao dialect area. (4) It is the Jinghai dialect area (belonging to the Jinghai phonetic family). and (2) the Wuqing dialect area (belonging to the Beijing phonology system).

Because (1) is the Tianjin dialect area, its southeast, southeast and west sides are surrounded by the Jinghai dialect area. This phenomenon is called (1) "Dialect Island" in linguistics. The so-called dialect island means that foreign dialect forces occupy an original dialect area and form an independent dialect island surrounded by the original dialect area. There are many such examples across the country, and most of them are caused by immigration. The most famous dialect island in the northern dialect area is Chengde, which is nearly 200 kilometers away from Beijing, but the residents speak pure Beijing dialect. This is because the summer resort and the Eight Outer Temples were built during the Kangxi period, and a large number of worshipers and security personnel moved to the area and settled down. , so that it overwhelms the dialects spoken by the original residents and assimilates them into Beijing dialect, so Chengde forms a dialect island.

As for Tianjin Dialect Island, where did its immigrants come from, that is, where is its etymology? Li Shiyu said that two related issues should be resolved here first.

The first is to determine the dialect island, that is, to draw its isoglossus, mainly based on the phonetic characteristics of Tianjin dialect: Yinping (one tone) is pronounced in a low and flat tone, which cannot be found around Tianjin.

Tianjin

The two outer sides of the inverted isosceles triangle in the picture are the Jinghai dialect area or the Haixia dialect area belonging to the Jinghai phonology system. The two villages are sometimes very close to each other, but their meanings are also completely different. The main reason is that Yin Ping's low-key tone suddenly disappears at a location two waists away, and other tones have also changed. An extreme example is Beixie Village, which is right on the equivocal line. The north of the village is separated by a small river led by the South Canal, and the east of the river is half spoken in Tianjin dialect, that is, the Yinping pronunciation is low and flat. But Hexi's low-pitched tone suddenly disappeared and turned into Jinghai's tone. In Tianjin Dialect Island, the base of the isosceles triangle, the situation is slightly different. (3) The dialect area is in the transitional stage, and the phenomenon of Yinping pronounced in low and flat tones gradually disappears. The further north you go, the fewer the low and flat tones. Only in the dialect area (2) are all pronounced in Gaoping tone.

The second reason is why the pronunciation changes from the old city of Tianjin Dialect Center to the north only one kilometer away from Dongyuzhuang and Xiyuzhuang - even though it is a transitional area, while going south to more than 20 The kilometers of Dabalitai and Dasunzhuang only changed?

Because

Tianjin

Because the Yan King’s garrison uses the old city as its base, it is impossible to cultivate land to the north, west or east. possible. These three directions are densely populated and cultivated all year round. The villagers would not let outsiders occupy the cultivated land, so the garrison could only cultivate land to the south. The Tianjin area was originally a retreat area. Since the discovery of the remains of three ancient coasts on the west coast of the Bohai Bay thirty years ago, it has been confirmed that the settlements in the Tianjin area during the Warring States Period were still scattered along the line from Zhangguizhuang to Balitai. At that time, Junliangcheng to Xianshui West of the Gu line is still a turbulent swamp. The area north of the old city became land and was gradually developed during the Neolithic Age. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Tianjin area became more important. After the construction of the city, immigrants gathered and settled on the land that was originally Jinghai. The north was blocked by the North-South Canal and Ziya River, which was the boundary of Wuqing that had already been developed. To the south there were swamps, reed ponds, and wastelands, which the settlers occupied as much as they could, so they drove as far as 20 to 30 kilometers away.

This shows that the Tianjin dialect area formed a dialect island due to a small number of residents who spoke the Tianjin dialect, and their dialects gradually assimilated into the "mother dialect" of the Tianjin dialect.

Where is the root of Tianjin dialect

It is close to Fengyang dialect, similar to Xuzhou dialect, similar to Huai'an dialect, and most similar to Suzhou dialect.

After Li Shi

Tianjin

Yu proposed the "Tianjin Dialect Island" theory, the academic community unanimously recognized it, but there were different opinions on the etymology of Tianjin dialect. statement. One theory is that it is an indigenous dialect popular in this area of ??Tianjin; or it is said that it was gradually formed after the tones of Jinghai dialect evolved; another folk legend is that it was moved from Dahuaishu Village in Hongdong, Shanxi; The display in the Municipal History Museum is based on historical records. Many early figures were originally from Shanxi. There are also records of "immigration from Shanxi" in the literature, so this is also the theory; in addition, they immigrated from Jiangsu and Anhui during the "Yan King's Campaign to the North". of. Li Shiyu believes that from the perspective of language phenomena, the theory of "The King of Yan swept the north" is more realistic.

"The King of Yan swept the north" is a legend that has been circulating among the people for a long time. After Zhu Yuanzhang became emperor, he followed the example of the ancients and granted many vassal kings. The fourth son, Zhu Di, had a large army and had many military exploits, so he was jealous of Zhu Yuanzhang. In order to weaken his strength, Zhu Yuanzhang named him King of Yan in the third year of Hongwu and asked him to lead a large number of old and weak soldiers to guard the borders in Beijing and Tianjin. It is said that the standard for recruiting soldiers at that time was "If you are weak, you will not pick up the crown, but if you can't go, you will go with the army in the year of destiny." This means that those who followed the King of Yan to sweep the north were not allowed to go if they were twenty or thirty years old, but only fifty years old. People left and right go. Undoubtedly, these people all had young families. In other words, King Yan did recruit many soldiers from the Guzhen area and took their families to the north.

Not to mention the legend, one thing is certain, that is, before and after the King of Yan conquered the north, immigrants from the Jiangsu and Anhui areas continued to migrate to the Tianjin area, and the Jianghuai people gradually took over an overwhelming advantage. of Tianjin Dialect Island. Since the people who immigrate to Tianjin from Shanxi or other places are not in large numbers, no matter what dialect they speak, they will be assimilated.

The King of Yan was from Fengyang, Anhui Province. When he led his troops north, he would definitely recruit soldiers from his hometown and nearby areas, including family members who accompanied the army or other immigrants. Moreover, among these people were "those who garrisoned Tianjin in the early Ming Dynasty. Jiayan" ("New Chronicles of Tianjin County·Biography of Wang Lai"). Therefore, the household registration in "Wei Zhi" includes military status and official status. Through the above-mentioned methods of escaping famine, water transportation, and border defense, a large number of people settled in Tianjin.

"Wei Zhi·Mao Kai's Dezheng Stele" records: "Tianjin is near the East China Sea, so it is a barren rock and reed place. Yongle initially settled there, and was mixed with people from Fujian, Guang, Wu, Chu, Qi and Liang. "These historical materials illustrate the fundamental changes in the population structure of Tianjin Wei in the early Ming Dynasty. The Wu people who engaged in military and business became an important part of Tianjin Wei's population. In addition, these people have relatively high political and economic status. As a result, the low-pitched Jianghuai dialect became the lingua franca of Tianjin Wei.

Tracing the footprints of Tianjin dialect

Confirming

Tianjin dialect

After establishing the origin of Tianjin dialect, we must find out what the origin of Tianjin dialect is. Where exactly is the "mother dialect"? Fengyang? Bengbu? Huai'an? Or... In the 1980s, Li Shiyu, who was already in his 60s, went south twice, traveling to various cities in Anhui. On the bank of Hongze Lake, Mr. Li’s figure lingers.

Clues are everywhere

Before the trip, several clues formed different pictures and appeared in front of Li Shiyu.

Clue 1: In the 1980s, the "Fengyang Acrobatic Troupe" came to Tianjin to perform. The instructor spoke completely in "Tianjin dialect." Li Shiyu thought he was a temporarily hired Tianjin person as the instructor. After the performance, he talked with the actors and discovered that their accents were similar to those of the narrator. They spoke their hometown dialect. Li Shiyu thought that there is a kind of folk dance in Xiyuzhuang, Tianjin - Huagu. Their lyrics, drum beats, dances and costumes are all from Fengyang. When listening to Huangmei Opera, I often feel that Daobai is very similar to Tianjin dialect.

Clue 2: Once he took a train from Hefei to the south, and the conductor spoke "Tianjin dialect". Li Shiyu thought that this was a flight attendant from the Tianjin train section who was transferred to the Huainan railway section. After questioning, I found out that they also spoke their hometown dialect. A Tianjin person working in Xuzhou told him that Xuzhou dialect is almost the same as Tianjin dialect, just a few sounds are enough. All these made Li Shiyu realize that the "mother dialect" of Tianjin dialect is probably related to the northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui areas, especially the area centered on Fengyang. The soldiers brought by King Yan when he swept the north may have been He was recruited from here and later settled in Tianjin.

Clue 3: Premier Zhou's accent is familiar to everyone. His accent is very similar to Tianjin dialect because his "Yinping" (one tone) is pronounced in a low tone. Huai'an is the hometown of Premier Zhou, which made him realize that the dialect centered on Huai'an may be the "mother dialect" of Tianjin dialect.

Searching: Fengyang is not his hometown

With these assumptions, Li Shiyu began his search in September 1986, first going to Fengyang. Li Shiyu got off the train in Bengbu and first investigated the Bengbu dialect. He listened, recorded and studied it, but the result was disappointing. Because except for its Yinping (one tone), which is also pronounced in a low-level tone, the other tones are different from Tianjin dialect. In particular, many entering tone characters are preserved, while Tianjin dialect does not have entering tone characters. If you speed up the flow of speech, they will have trouble understanding.

When I arrived in Fengyang, I found that the dialect there was not like that of the members of the acrobatic troupe, but basically the same as in Bengbu. This may be because not all the people in the acrobatic troupe are from Fengyang.

At the same time, Li Shiyu discovered that there are differences between the southern and northern dialects of Fengyang, with more tones in the southern dialect. He also investigated Linhuai and Liubu near Fengyang, and the results were the same. After arriving in Huai'an, they also found nothing, and Li Shiyu's clues were suddenly cut off. The inference that Fengyang and Huai'an are the "mother dialects" of Tianjin dialect has been refuted by the facts.

Encounter: Guzhen is the real root

After running around the Gaoyou Lake and Hongze Lake areas, the "mother dialect" of Tianjin dialect seems to be still in the clouds middle. Li Shiyu decided to visit Anqing again. On the way to Anqing by train from Xuzhou, he made an unexpected gain, which became a decisive factor in the success of Li Shiyu's search.

The train was very crowded, and Li Shiyu, like many others, had a "standing ticket". After the train passed Suzhou, the two people around Li Shiyu quarreled over seats. A pure Tianjin dialect came out from the mouths of the two people. Li Shiyu thought he had met a fellow villager, so he started to argue, "It's not easy for everyone who is away from home, so stop arguing." The person grabbing the seat raised his eyebrows: "Well! I'm away from home! I, I'm here."

One sentence made Li Shiyu overjoyed and stopped going to Anqing! He simply followed these two people off the train. The station where he got off was called Guzhen, which is 48 kilometers north of Bengbu, Anhui. As soon as he arrived at Guzhen Railway Station, Li Shiyu felt that he had returned to Tianjin. Everything that filled his ears was the Tianjin dialect he had heard and spoken since he was a child.

In front of the tea stall at the station, an old shopkeeper struck up a conversation with them, and a "same language" made them enjoy the conversation. Such a wonderful conversation still remains in Li Shiyu's tape. "Two comrades, where are you from?" "Where do you think we are from?" The old man hesitated: "Your accent sounds like locals, but why haven't I seen you?" It turns out that we are from Guzhen. Everyone who comes and goes passes through this train station, and the old shopkeeper knows almost all of them.

The old shopkeeper told Li Shiyu that Guzhen belonged to Suzhou City and now belongs to Bengbu City. Suzhou City is 45 kilometers away from Guzhen.

Excited Li Shiyu returned to Suzhou without stopping. After several months of investigation, the "mother dialect" of Tianjin dialect finally revealed its true identity - Tianjin dialect comes from the vast Jianghuai plain in the center.

This was given by Zhu Di, King of Yan. In the long-circulated folk legend of "The King of Yan swept the North", Zhu Yuanzhang's fourth son, Zhu Di, had a large army and had many military exploits, so he was feared by his father. In order to weaken his strength, Zhu Yuanzhang named him King of Yan in the third year of Hongwu and asked him to lead a large number of old and weak soldiers to guard the borders in Beijing and Tianjin. The standard for recruiting soldiers at that time was that no one in their twenties or thirties was allowed to go, and only those in their fifties were allowed to go. These people undoubtedly had young families. King Yan indeed recruited many soldiers from the Guzhen area and took their families to the north.

In the late Qing Dynasty, Li Hongzhang mobilized 60,000 Huai troops to garrison Tianjin, and eventually they all became Tianjin people.

Conclusion: Tianjin dialect originates from Guzhen, Bengbu City, Anhui Province in the south. The dialects on both sides of the Huaihe River centered on Guzhen are the source of Tianjin dialect.