Distribution of immigrants in Qing Dynasty

In addition to modern standard Chinese and all kinds of Chinese, overseas Chinese also use the local language of their country of residence. Early Chinese immigrants in western countries usually used Cantonese, while recent Chinese immigrants mostly used Mandarin. In Southeast Asia, the most commonly used is Southern Chinese (mainly Minnan, Cantonese and Hakka).

At present, overseas Chinese mainly live in Southeast Asia, Europe and North America. Due to its proximity to China, Southeast Asia has been the destination of immigrants from China since the late Qing Dynasty. A relatively large number of Singapore, a relatively small number of Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. Overseas Chinese in these areas, also known as overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia and overseas Chinese in South China, mainly come from Fujian and Guangdong provinces.

From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, China immigrants mainly flowed to Southeast Asia and North America. 1 overseas Chinese in the 1940s 1, 1 10,000, of which 1 10,000 scattered in Europe and America,110,000 scattered in Nanyang Islands. Of this 1 0 million, about 67 million are from Guangdong, assuming that Guangdong is 3 million. But now the total number of overseas Chinese is about 50 million.

In the early days of the People's Republic of China, the population was still free to flow. Since then, the population movement has stagnated. With the reform and opening up, since the1980s, the opportunities for ordinary people to emigrate have increased. With the improvement of people's income and education level in China, the number of skilled immigrants has also started to increase. In addition to Europe and North America, Australia and New Zealand, where Chinese are scarce, have also become popular immigrant places, and Southeast Asia, where culture and economy are relatively close, also has some immigrants. And travel to distant Africa and South America (such as Brazil) is also increasing [34].