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Outer Mongolia, that is, China's neighboring Mongolia, and Inner Mongolia in ancient China are all nomadic areas in the north, collectively referred to as Mongolian grasslands, and are also Mongolian areas.

At present, Outer Mongolia has a territorial area of about 156 square kilometers and is the second largest landlocked country in the world. Outer Mongolia is vast and sparsely populated, with a population of 3.278 million (in 2020), equivalent to less than 2 people living per square kilometer, which is even smaller than the population density of countries like Australia and Canada. Moreover, Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, is the largest city in China, with a population of 654.38+0.44 million, which is equivalent to bringing together half the population of the whole country.

In contrast, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China is about1180,000 square kilometers, 380,000 square kilometers less than that of outer Mongolia, with a population of more than 24 million, and the population density is higher than that of outer Mongolia. Moreover, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia alone, had a permanent population of 3,495,600 at the end of 20021,which is definitely better than the whole country of Outer Mongolia.

Now, analyze the reasons for the population difference:

1. The natural environment caused the difference between Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, which also caused the population difference between Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.

Outer Mongolia, also known as Mobei Mongolia in history, has a bad living environment. Outer Mongolia is located in the high altitude zone of the Mongolian Plateau, with an average altitude of1.580m or more. Most areas are close to the cold Siberia, which belongs to the typical continental temperate grassland climate and is easily affected by the Siberian cold current. The temperature difference between morning and evening is large, it is cold all year round, and spring and summer are short. The average temperature is definitely lower than that in Inner Mongolia.

Coupled with less rainfall in outer Mongolia, the climate is relatively dry. In addition, there are no big rivers passing through the territory, and water resources are extremely scarce, resulting in many Gobi, deserts and mountainous areas in the territory, many of which are frozen soil, making it difficult to engage in agricultural production and suitable for human survival.

Some scientists have also verified that in high latitudes, the climate is cold and dry, and the probability of successful pregnancy is much lower than that in middle and low latitudes, which makes Outer Mongolia, like Russia and Canada, sparsely populated since ancient times and unable to carry too many people.

Inner Mongolia is located in the desert area, but in the low altitude area of the Mongolian Plateau. The climate is warmer than that of outer Mongolia, with runoff from the Yellow River, more rainfall and more fertile land. Inner Mongolia is characterized by an east-west narrow strip, with desert in the west, but the central and western regions are located in the Hetao Plain with abundant water plants. Moreover, the eastern part of Inner Mongolia is a fertile Liaonen Plain, most of which is available land. It can be said that Inner Mongolia is located in a resource-rich area on the Mongolian Plateau. Since ancient times, its living conditions have been better than those of outer Mongolia, people's life expectancy has been longer, and there are more children.

Therefore, this can also be explained historically. Since ancient times, the population of Inner Mongolia has been larger than that of outer Mongolia.

Second, the rulers' suppression of population resulted in a small population in Outer Mongolia, and one of the important reasons was the rulers' suppression of population.

For example, in the Qing Dynasty, in order to prevent Mongolians from creating the glory of Genghis Khan's golden age again, the population of Mongolia was strictly restricted. The Manchu adopted the method of enfeoffment of several foreign Mongolian nobles, which restricted the unity and development of Mongolia. Then, in outer Mongolia, we respected Lamaism, restricted the birth of the population, and stabbed the Mongols in the back with a knife.

At that time, the Qing Dynasty practiced Lamaism for Mongolians in the desert outside Mongolia and built a large number of Lamaism temples. Then it is stipulated that a Mongolian family should be a Lama in Lamaism no matter how many boys are born, and then only one boy can be left to carry on the family line. These lamas are not engaged in production, do not need to serve corvees or hard labor, and do not need to pay taxes, resulting in fewer Mongolian men getting married and having children, leading to a decrease in population.

Moreover, due to the lack of men, many coolies are borne by women, which also makes Mongolian women busy with labor and production all day, and their physical condition is getting worse and worse. Coupled with the harsh climate, backward economy and lack of medical care and medicine in the Mongolian Plateau, women's fertility naturally decreases.

Therefore, after more than 200 years of Manchu rule, the population of outer Mongolia decreased from nearly 10 million in the late Ming Dynasty to less than 500,000. It can be seen that the policies and means of building temples and sending lamas in the Qing Dynasty were also very cruel.

In the late Qing Dynasty 192 1 year, the Soviet Union took advantage of the domestic warlords' scuffle to send troops to control outer Mongolia, and China completely lost control of outer Mongolia.

At that time, the population of Outer Mongolia was only over 700,000, not as much as that of Peiping at that time. Coupled with Stalin's purges and frequent wars in the 1930s, 1945, the independent population of Outer Mongolia was only 760,000, with almost no obvious population growth.

Since then, Outer Mongolia has been under the control of the Soviet Union, and its economic development has been restrained. Poor living conditions have limited the population growth.

The backwardness of industrial development limits the growth of population. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Outer Mongolia got rid of Soviet control. Although the Soviet government encourages more births, Outer Mongolia is a very closed farming and animal husbandry country, with small industrial production capacity and very backward national production conditions, which also limits the population growth. For example, 45% of Mongolia's population now lives in the capital Ulaanbaatar, which means that Mongolia will soon become a city-state, and its population is too concentrated, which limits the large-scale reproduction of the population nationwide.

And now 30% of Mongolia's population is engaged in nomadic and semi-nomadic work, which also means that there is no fixed place to live, which is not conducive to having children.

Another important reason for the slow growth of the population in outer Mongolia is that the men in outer Mongolia are influenced by the Soviet Union and drink heavily. Coupled with the backward medical conditions, the average life expectancy of men in outer Mongolia is obviously lower than that of women, and more women than men is not conducive to population reproduction, which also causes the slow growth of population in outer Mongolia.

The reason of population reproduction in Inner Mongolia: Han immigrants and industrialized outer Mongolia are too far away from the Central Plains, which also determines that it is difficult to attract a large number of people to move northward to reclaim land. Historically, due to the harsh climate and environment in Mongolia outside the desert, nomadic people have harassed the Central Plains regime in warm areas in order to get the food and various resources they want.

In contrast, Inner Mongolia is closer to the Central Plains than outer Mongolia and is influenced by the Han culture in the Central Plains. Because of the fertile land in Hetao area of Inner Mongolia, it has attracted northern Han immigrants to reclaim land and develop agriculture since ancient times. There has been a Western Expedition in Inner Mongolia since ancient times, that is, Han residents south of the Great Wall crossed the Great Wall and then moved to Inner Mongolia to live and live.

So the ancestors of most people in Inner Mongolia today are from Shaanxi and Shanxi. Although Inner Mongolia has a population of more than 20 million, there are about 6 million real Mongolians. The population of Mongolia is more than that of outer Mongolia 165438+ 10,000!

A large number of Han immigrants in Inner Mongolia not only enriched the population, but also brought many advanced production technologies, which promoted the economic development of Inner Mongolia. Many nomadic families in Inner Mongolia gradually began to farm and settle down, and the population gradually increased, forming a virtuous circle of population growth and economic development.

In the early days of the founding of New China, Inner Mongolia was designated as the heavy industry base of China. Inner Mongolia also made full use of its rich mineral resources and established a perfect heavy industry system. At present, animal husbandry, dairy products, meat products, wool and other products in Inner Mongolia are of high quality and low price, and are sold to the whole country. The rich forest and mineral resources in Inner Mongolia have formed a strong foundation of heavy industry, promoted the economic development of Inner Mongolia, created a good environment for people's lives, and inevitably promoted the population growth of Inner Mongolia.