Who knows what happened when Spanish colonists slaughtered Chinese in Nanyang in the late Ming Dynasty?

The Ming regime was the regime that restored China after alien rule, and it was one of the most orthodox dynasties in the history of China. Compared with the Han Dynasty, the Tang and Song Dynasties are inferior to each other. What we call dynasty legitimacy is actually the legitimacy of the source of political power. This foundation not only branded the Ming Dynasty with distinct Han nationalism, but also made the dynasty more responsible for the nation. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the political platform was "expelling Land Rover, restoring China, establishing the framework of the past, and relieving the Sri Lankan people", which was based on the combination of Han nationalism, rebuilding China's traditional morality and people-oriented principle. In the era of Ming Taizu, these plans were basically fully implemented. Confucianism, especially Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism, advocated national justice and people-oriented thought, which existed as a constitutional significance in the Ming Dynasty and was the source of political legitimacy. The core ideas of Confucianism, such as "distinguishing between China and foreign countries" and "benevolence", require whether to safeguard the interests of the vast number of Han people, which is an important criterion for whether this regime belongs to a legitimate regime. At the same time, the imperial examination system maximized the fair and extensive social stratum mobility at that time, made the political center open to people from all walks of life who agreed with China, and made the grass-roots public opinion enter the upper level with the least obstacles. The openness of politics in Ming Dynasty may be unprecedented in China, which strengthened the interaction between political power and public opinion, and the influence of public opinion in Ming Dynasty on national decision-making was also difficult to achieve in the future. At the same time, it is also very important. According to Confucianism, the supreme ruler of the Ming Dynasty could not regard the interests of the country and the Han nationality as something contrary to his own interests. Moreover, the increase of the power of the cabinet and the improvement of the system in the Ming Dynasty also made the emperor's ability not affect the normal operation of the state machine in most cases, and it was difficult to make an act that obviously violated the basic interests, morality and wishes of the state in major decisions. In particular, we should not make decisions that harm the interests of the Han nationality and China from the standpoint of foreigners and foreign countries.

I'd like to introduce the background of Spanish and Filipino aborigines' massacre of Chinese during the Wanli period. The first massacre of Chinese took place in 1603, when China waged three large-scale wars at the same time, namely the three crusades in Wanli. Ningxia in the northwest and Bozhou in the southwest, especially from the 20th year of Wanli (1592) to the 26th year of Wanli (1598), the war between Korea and Japan lasted for seven years. Although these three wars were all won by the Ming Dynasty, they reflected the excellent decision-making ability of the Ming government and Emperor Wanli. However, the loss of national military and financial capacity caused by the war is also enormous. Nuerhachi, chief of Tunguska in Jianzhou, used this opportunity to expand his power. Therefore, in the case of a serious financial shortage in the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Wanli decided to allow civilians to mine in order to increase fiscal revenue, and eased the financial crisis by collecting mineral tax. However, due to the resistance of the industrial and commercial class and the opposition of bureaucrats representing industrial and commercial interests, there are also problems in implementation, which makes this measure have little effect. At this time, the massive inflow of silver from the western American colonies through the Philippines made the Ming Dynasty mistakenly think that there were silver mines in the Philippines. Coupled with the inducement of some people, the Ming Dynasty sent officials to Luzon to investigate and try to open up financial resources here. This aroused the fear of the Spanish, who were afraid that it was a precursor to the conquest of the Ming Dynasty and that they would lose the Philippines. The Spanish first bought weapons from China at a high price through tricks, and then joined hands with indigenous accomplices to slaughter Chinese on a large scale.

[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]

I must make it clear that it is unforgivable for the Spanish to slaughter China people, regardless of whether there was any intention to attack the Philippines at that time in the Ming Dynasty. The justice of the country and the nation is to safeguard the interests of the country and the nation, which is the most basic issue of national dignity and position.

When the news of the massacre reached China, the first reaction of Emperor Wanli was, "The emperor said,' You humiliated the imperial court and made trouble overseas, causing 20,000 businessmen to humiliate the country and deserve to die. It is an overwhelming sea. The chief of Luzon was good at killing businessmen. According to the official, he confessed. ""Not only did they punish those who were responsible for the deterioration of the situation, but they were also prepared to criticize the Spaniards. But at this time, China had just finished the Korean War with Japan, and it was really unable to really carry out this order. Therefore, officials of the Ming government can only make demands to the Spanish in the form of official documents.

The following is the original text of Xu's "Reward for Prisoners in Luzon":

"According to the section on trade in Luzon, coastal residents in Zhangzhou and Quanzhou have little arable land, and navigation merchants and fishing are their businesses; Often the more you sell, the more you can get a glimpse of the profits. If a line is forbidden, it will be embarrassing; During the Jiajing period, this place was badly ravaged. In Wei, people discussed that Lu was not a patient of China, and Qin sold it to the East and the West. China has lived in peace with foreigners for many years. Gu once slaughtered thousands of businessmen, and the result was abnormal, which should be condemned by the law. However, investigating the disaster, it is good for Zhang to play and collect it as a calendar; The profiteers killed their chief the year before last, and they accumulated resentment and remorse, which made them excited: the situation at that time seemed excusable. The result of the adventure across the sea is hard to predict! The country and body are at stake, how dare you start to make a fuss about the emperor's Nanguan! (This passage was told to Emperor Wanli by Xu Ju Xue, in order to ease the emperor's mood and illustrate the difficulty of going to war. )

I will tell the Luzon tribe, Franco, the chief of the machinist country, (the following is for the Spanish), "I have a high emperor to unify the summer and express eternity;" Rites and music have prestige, and the world remains the same. So far, I have gone to your majesty, and I have allowed myself to go to heaven. I should go to Baji. The Arctic desert, the sea areas owned by southeast ethnic groups such as the south and Darfur, the sun and the moon are approaching, and * * * forms a new moon. For example, the Japanese archipelago invaded China, and the court sent three officials to kill Busan, restore Korea, and return its king to guard the ancestral temple; Mr. Yang, a ghost, is not afraid of Wang Yin, taking his father, thief's brother, abandoning his wife and killing others at will. Nanmao officials drove troops to invade, and the countries thousands of miles away were inhabited by foreigners, bowing to the grass: Who is not what you want? (Use the victories of the three expeditions to show national prestige and intimidate the Spanish)

Last year, Zhang Ben, an overseas traitor, lied that there were mines and gold in Mount Errusong, and a company reported it. The emperor thought it would disturb the sea country and make me sad, so he paid Facao to behead Xishi and send it to the sea to accuse him of rape. It is said that after leaving, the Luzon tribe killed more than 10 thousand businessmen in Zhang and Quan for no reason. Some departments love the people and ask for it when they are angry. They want to fake coastal soldiers and increase their troops, such as broadcasting States. It has also been said that "Luzon is a desert island, a fascinating place of dragons and snakes, which was resold by my Haibang people and exported to various oceans and cities for more than ten years; It is also my winter suppression people who taught them farming techniques and ruled their cities and houses, so it became a land of sea and country. What's wrong with you in your life! What's the vendetta? I want to kill ten thousand people! There is no way to fight, so negative, and the devil takes the hindmost! " Stick to it again and again. Explain the origin of the incident, show that China has no intention to conquer, and refer to what the Spanish did. At the same time, it is still a threat to express the anger of the Ming government on this matter. )

[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]

The emperor took Lu Songjiu as his business, which was different from our people. Can't bear punishment! Fight overseas again, unknown culprit; There are four people in China, and businessmen are the meanest. How can you use untouchables to promote war? Plus, the merchants abandoned their homes and went to sea, and they didn't come back in winter. Father, brother and relatives are despised, so it's not a pity to abandon them! The enemy's reaction was to teach the teacher a lesson. I won't listen to anything. In order not to show the predicament that the Ming Dynasty was unable to send troops at this time, I found myself a step and used the emperor as an excuse. It seems that Ming Chengzu was always used to take the blame, and it was the same at that time. )

Therefore, the imperial edict was sent to the chieftain tribes, like you, to make salty repent, fear heaven and keep good; Its overseas killings are endless. When you think of the emperor's mighty grace and China's great righteousness! Open your mouth, don't be afraid of owls, wait for Cher. You are not a stone, but you don't want to shed your blood to serve your country? If the past was a rumor and there was no military reform, the investment effect was smooth; Business and shipping, transactions remain unchanged. If there is hatred and they have killed each other, all the descendants of Zhang and Quan's adherents on the island can kill each other. "(The implication of suspending trade is also a threat to the Spanish, and it is also to prevent the Spanish from further killing China people. Finally, it asked the Spanish to send the survivors back, which also meant breaking off relations with Spain. )

Although the Ming dynasty was not strong enough, it also showed what it could do. Although it is not perfect, it is at least responsible and responsible. 1639, the Spanish massacred the Chinese for the second time in the Philippines, only five years before the martyrdom of Emperor Chongzhen. The Ming government was already at home and abroad, unable to condemn it. It can be seen that the strength of China is closely related to overseas Chinese.

Zheng Chenggong is recovering.

It should also be noted that in the Ming Dynasty, due to the low tariffs and the prevalence of smuggling, maritime merchants made little economic contribution to the Ming government, which means that this reaction of the Ming Dynasty was more out of a sense of national responsibility. Zheng Group itself is a maritime merchant, which has close relations with overseas businessmen and has close interests with each other. From this point of view, the central government of the Ming Dynasty was more concerned about the national justice, while Zheng was more concerned about commercial interests. But no matter which Han regime, the attitude towards overseas Chinese is thicker than water.

In the Qing dynasty, the situation was just the opposite. In the eyes of the Qing Dynasty, overseas Han Chinese who were not under its control were a potential threat to overthrow its colonial rule, and they regarded it as a menace and wanted to destroy it quickly. In order to trap Zheng Ming to death, from Shunzhi to Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, all the coastal areas from China to Guangdong were moved to the sea by force, making the economically developed and densely populated coastal areas become no man's land. Millions of people in China have been slaughtered for this, not to mention the economic damage to the richest coastal areas and the interruption of China's contact with the world. Manchu implemented the policy of closing the country to the outside world, and strictly prohibited Han people from interacting with the outside world. It should be noted that the Qing Dynasty's anti-Han policy and the Ming Dynasty's maritime ban to prevent Japanese pirates and strengthen customs control are two concepts, but they were stricter in Hongwu and Jiajing years. As Wang Shu, a scholar of Amin Dynasty, said: "At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, legislation was made ... not to go to sea. From 180 years ago, ... every time the yellow croaker fished for the moon, thousands of ships broke the ban, and the commentator was heartbroken, but the situation was difficult and unbearable. " Not absolutely embarrassed, if you use it. Look, it's hard to do something in a difficult situation, but I can't bear it. "Based on the han nationality of the Ming dynasty, it is impossible to make the qing dynasty to kill people to cut off overseas trade. However, the Manchu dynasty did not care about "difficult situation", so what difficulties did it have in its colonial rule? As for "can't help it", it has no effect on the Qing Dynasty. What's the "tolerance" for the Manchu Dynasty, which slaughtered at least tens of millions of Han people and people of other nationalities in China?

[Transferred from Iron Blood Community/]

Manchu-Qing collusion

1740, which flourished in the Qing dynasty, was in the so-called "prosperous period of kanggan". Without any reason, the Dutch colluded with the aborigines to slaughter the China people because they were jealous of the business talents and wealth of China people in Dutch East India. China people's blood dyed the river red, which is called the "Red River Massacre" in history. At this time, the Dutch haven't found out Manchu's attitude towards China people. Because of the need to trade with China and the fear of being hindered, they sent people to the Manchu court to defend themselves. However, I didn't expect Gan Long's performance to make the Dutch understand Manchu's attitude towards China people. Gan Long said that overseas Chinese "disobeyed orders, refused to listen to recall, and hoped that people who lived for a hundred years would be killed in a foreign country and deserved it." Those overseas Chinese who wanted to kill but couldn't, were killed happily by the Dutch. With the approval and encouragement of the Manchu Dynasty, the Dutch became more and more unscrupulous, and the political power and commercial advantages established by China people in Nanyang during the Ming Dynasty gradually lost. Because of this, the relationship between the Manchu regime and the Dutch has not regressed, but has become closer and closer.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Han nationalism rose, and revolutionaries who opposed the restoration of the Qing Dynasty rose one after another. Overseas Chinese provided great support for China's recovery, which was due to their recognition of the country and the nation.