What happened to Zhuge Liang's northern expedition to the Central Plains?

In the 5th year of Jian Xing in Shu Han Dynasty (AD 227), Zhuge Liang realized that the master's "model" was ready to attack Wei. He led troops to Hanzhong, trained troops, immigrated to Hanzhong in large numbers from the mainland, and built frontier positions. Zhuge Liang was most worried that Sima Yi's command of the army would be a catastrophe for Shu. Ma Su suggested using double agents to get Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, to dismiss Sima Yi and let him go home. In the second year, Zhuge Liang led the army to attack Wei for the first time. Wei Yan proposed that he would lead 5,000 troops along the east of Qinling Mountains to the meridian valley in the north. Within ten days, he can arrive in Chang 'an. Zhuge Liang was very cautious. He didn't take Wei Yan's advice and took the road from Longyou to attack.

Wei Mingdi Cao Rui called his ministers to discuss, and Xia Houmao was willing to lead the troops against the Shu soldiers. Is the son of Xia, Xia was beheaded by Huang Zhong, and Cao Cao pitied him and treated qinghe princess as his mother-in-law. Xia Houmao asked to send troops to avenge his father. Cao Rui appointed Xia Houmao as the viceroy, and transferred troops from various places in Kansai to meet them. From Xia Houmao to Chang 'an, we mobilized various military forces. Xia Houmao appointed Han De, the general of Xiliang, as the pioneer. Han De has four sons, all of whom are proficient in martial arts. Hand and his four sons met Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi, pioneers of the Shu army. Hand's four sons confronted Zhao Yun and were all beheaded by Zhao Yun. Hand led the defeated troops, and when he saw Xia Houmao, he cried and told him about it. Xia Houmao came to fight Zhao Yun with his own army. In order to avenge his fourth son, Hand rode a horse and took Zhao Yun directly with a big axe. Before the battle was over, Zhao Yun stabbed him under the horse with a gun. Deng Zhi led his troops to kill him, but he collapsed. The next day, Wei Bing was defeated again, and Xia Houmao led hundreds of people into Nan 'an City. Wei Bing ran away when he saw that there was no master. Nan 'an is connected to Tianshui in the west and settled in the north. Zhuge Liang designed Wei Yan to take the stable city and capture the satrap Cui Liang alive. He also used Cui Liang to earn Nan 'an City and captured Xia Houmao. However, the plan to capture Tianshui was seen through by commander Jiang Wei and failed. Jiang Wei is intelligent and brave, and filial to his mother. Zhao Yun confronted Jiang Wei and praised him for his good marksmanship. Zhuge Liang used double agents to take Jiang Wei as his successor. Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei consulted, taking Tianshui City as their inner circle, and there were Yin Shang and Xu Liang in the city. After Zhuge Liang's three cities, his prestige was greatly shaken, and he traveled to counties far and near, hoping to return to the air. Zhuge Liang reorganized his army, went out of Qishan and came to the west of Weishui.

Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei Dynasty, appointed Cao Zhen as viceroy, Guo Huai as deputy viceroy and Wang Lang as strategist. He led an army of 200,000 men and set out on 1 1 month. Cao Zhen's army came to Chang 'an and crossed the west of Weihe River to the village. The next day, the two armies confronted each other and the two sides talked. Wang Lang wanted to persuade Zhuge Liang to surrender without losing the position of Marquis. Zhuge Liang sternly refuted and cursed Wang Lang. Hearing this, Wang Lang let out a cry of anger and died under the horse. The two armies retreated. Guo Huai, the deputy commander-in-chief, said, "Zhuge Liang expected that our army would rob the village tonight. We can divide our troops into four ways and rob Shu Zhai. Zhuge Liang already knew Wei Jun's plan, that is, to arrange people to fight back against Wei Jun. Cao Zun rushed into the village before midnight, but it was empty. Knowing the trick, Cao Zun hurried back. Zhu Zanbing arrived, killing each other, and the troops were in chaos. Cao Zun and Zhu Zan made horses, only to know that they were trampling on each other. Wang Ping, Ma Dai, Zhang Ben and Zhang Yi were killed in an emergency March. Cao and Zhu led their troops to the main road and were stopped by Zhao Yun and Wei Yan. Cao and Zhu took the road back to the village. The sergeant guarding the village thought that the Shu army had come to rob the village and hurriedly set fire to it. Cao Zhen killed on the left and Guo Huai killed on the right, killing each other. The Shu army in the rear killed Wei Yan in the middle, Guan Xing on the left and Zhang Bao on the right, for a while. Wei Bing lost more than ten miles, causing heavy casualties, and the Shu army won a total victory.

Cao Zhen and Guo Huai gathered up the defeated troops and went back to the village to discuss countermeasures. Guo Huai suggested asking Qiang for help. From there, Cao Zhen sent an emissary to Xiqiang with a book and a gift. After consulting with his ministers, Cheriji, the king of Xiqiang, sent Ya Dan, the prime minister, and Yue Ji, the marshal, to help. Qiang soldiers are used to using weapons such as crossbows, spears, knives, thistles and hammers. And chariots, nailed with iron, numbered "iron chariots". Shu soldiers fought with Qiang soldiers and lost the first battle. Zhuge Liang went up to Gaofu to watch, and saw iron chariots and horses rushing forward, with a plan to break the enemy. Zhuge Liang told Jiang Wei that it would snow tomorrow. Zhuge Liang ordered Guan Xing and Zhang Bao to lead the troops to ambush; Also called Ma Dai, yi cheung grant meter in ambush behind the mountain; Tell Jiang Wei to guard the village. If the chariot comes, he will retreat and leave. It was the end of1February, and sure enough, it snowed heavily. Jiang Wei led the troops out, Yue Jiyuan led the iron chariot, and Jiang Wei retreated. Qiang troops chased the front of the village, and Jiang Wei followed. Qiang soldiers rushed into the stockade and went straight for the mountain pass. I saw Jiang and Jiang running in the snow, and they were extremely happy to catch up with each other. The mountain road is covered with snow and looks flat at first glance. When the Qiang people were speeding up the chase, suddenly, the Qiang people fell into the pit, and the iron car behind them ran so fast that it was difficult to stop, crowded in and trampled on each other. When the army retreated, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao attacked, and Jiang Wei, Ma Dai and Zhang Yi were killed in the rear. Iron chariots chaos, marshal Yue Ji and Guan Xing confrontation, only a close, Guan Xing was beheaded by the horse, the prime minister Ya Dan was captured by Ma Dai. Zhuge Liang went easy on Ya Dan, gave him wine to quell the vibration, and kindly comforted him. He sent all Qiang soldiers and chariots and horses back to Ya Dan and returned them to China.

Cao Zhen and Guo Huai heard the news that "Shu soldiers set out from their villages", mistakenly thinking that Qiang troops were attacking and making Shu soldiers retreat, so they split up and pursued in two ways. Zhuge Liang had ordered Zhao Yun and Wei Yan to lead an ambush and wait for Wei Jun to pursue before attacking. Cao Zun, a pioneer in Wei Jun, was ambushed by Wei Yan when he was pursuing, and Cao Zun was beheaded by Wei Yan. Zhu Zan, the deputy pioneer, led the troops in pursuit. Suddenly Zhao Yun's ambush flashed, and Zhu Zan was caught off guard. Zhao Yun shot and killed him. Cao Zhen and Guo Huai saw that the two pioneers had been defeated and wanted to retreat. Behind them, they shouted loudly. Guan Xing and Zhang Bao fought their way out, surrounded Cao Zhen and Guo Huai and killed them for a while. Cao Zhen and Guo Huai led the defeated troops to flee. The Shu soldiers won a great victory, chased Wei River and captured Zhai Wei alive.

Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, called his ministers to discuss. He decided to personally expedition to Chang 'an, restored Sima Yi's official position, and added the governor of Pingxi, so he set out from Nanyang and went to Chang 'an. At this time, Meng Da, a former Shu general who surrendered to Wei, rebelled against Wei and wanted to attack Luoyang from Jincheng, Xincheng and Shang Yong to cooperate with Zhuge Liang in attacking Wei. Zhuge Liang wrote to warn Meng Da that Sima Yi must be on guard, keep secret and don't entrust others easily. Meng Da thought that Sima Yi had to report to the Lord Wei first, and then to the new town, and it would take a month to go back and forth. Therefore, he didn't agree, so he made an appointment with Shen Dan, the satrap of Jincheng and the satrap of Shang Yong, and put forward the case. Dan and Yi pretended to promise that they would be inside when they arrived. After Sima Yi was reinstated, he mobilized all the military forces in Wancheng. After receiving a tip-off from Shen Yi's family that Meng Da was going to take another road, he ordered the army to set out, speed up the March, and went straight to the new town, and arrived in the new town on the 8th. Meng Da didn't expect Sima Yi to arrive in the new town so soon, and regretted not listening to Zhuge Liang's warning. Shen Yi and Shen Dan were employees of Wei Jun, and Mengda was defeated and killed. Sima Yi led his troops to Chang 'an and reported to Cao Rui, the Lord of Wei, that Sima Yi had gone to the new town on a starry night without the imperial edict. Lord Wei was overjoyed and said, "You don't have to hear about confidential matters, so do it cheaply." Wei made Zhang a pioneer and walked with Sima Yi. And Xin Pi and Sun Liling led fifty thousand troops to help Cao Zhen.

Sima Yi led 200,000 soldiers through the customs and entered the village to repel the Shu soldiers. Sima Yi and Zhang Tai negotiated to take the street pavilion first and cut off the food and grass of the Shu soldiers. Within a month, the Shu army will retreat without food. Zhuge Liang had expected that Sima Yi would win the street pavilion, so he asked the generals who dared to guard it. Masu volunteered to go. Zhuge Liang said: "Although the street pavilion is small, it is of great significance. If the street pavilion is lost, our army will rest. " Ma Su promised to guard the street pavilion and made a written pledge to fulfill a military order. Zhuge Liang ordered Wang Ping to assist Ma Su in guarding the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang was afraid that the two men would fail, so he asked Gao Xiang to lead ten thousand troops to Liucheng, northeast of Jieting, to save Jieting. He also ordered Wei Yan to lead troops to the street pavilion, and then stationed troops to refuse Mrs. Zhang. Zhuge Liang ordered Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to lead troops out of the valley, thinking that they were suspected soldiers. With Jiang Wei as the pioneer, the autonomous army went out of the oblique valley to take the city. When Ma Su and Wang Ping led the troops to Jieting, they disagreed on the issue of garrison. Wang Ping advocated building a village at the general entrance of No.5 Road, stationing troops in power and building city walls. Even if there are hundreds of thieves, they should not be stolen. Ma Su insisted on stationing troops on the side mountain, thinking that Sun Tzu's art of war said, "Far-sighted and sweeping." Wang Ping said: "If Wei Bing suddenly reaches the mountain where the soldiers are stationed, they will be surrounded by all sides and cut off the road where I pump water. The sergeant will be chaotic if he doesn't fight. " Ma Su refused to listen to Wang Ping's advice and resolutely stationed troops on the mountain. Wang Ping had to lead five thousand troops to station troops at the intersection. Sima Yi sent a reconnaissance team to find out, that is, Zhang Tai led a great army to block Wang Ping's route, Shen Yi and Shen Dan led two armies to surround the mountain, cut off the road of pumping water first, and Sima Yi drove troops and horses, rushed in and set the mountain on all sides. Ma Su is on the mountain, and he sees Wei Bing everywhere. When the Shu soldiers saw it, they dared not go down the mountain. Ma Su will move the red flag, the army will push you and me, and no one dares to move. Surrounded by Wei Bing from morning till night, there is no water on the mountain, the Shu army can't eat, and the village is in chaos. In the middle of the night, the Shu army in Shannan went down to Wei, and Sima Yi released Yamakaji. The Shu soldiers on the mountain became more and more chaotic. Ma Su couldn't keep it, so he had to lead the army down the mountain and flee to the Western Heaven. When Wang Ping saw Wei Jun, he led an army to kill him. Confronted with Zhang Tai, who was fighting for dozens of times, he was forced by the situation and had to retreat. Zhang Tai chased for more than 30 miles and was stopped by Wei Yan. Zhang Tai returned to the army and left. Wei Yan chased Zhang Tai and was surrounded by Wei Jun. Wang Ping and Gao Xiang arrived, and three generals and Wei Jun were killed. The Shu army suffered heavy casualties. Wei Yan was afraid that Yangpingguan would fall, so he went to Yangpingguan with Wang Ping and Gao Xiang.

Zhuge Liang was in Xicheng. When he heard that the street pavilion had fallen, he sighed and fell down. "The big things are over!" Then arrange an evacuation. Guan Xing and Zhang Bao, each with three thousand chosen men, went to the path of Wugong Mountain. In the case of Wei Bing, they shouldn't talk big, but just shout loudly to surprise the suspicious soldiers. Make Zhang Yi lead the troops to repair Jiange in case of returning to China. At this point, Sima Yi led150,000 troops to flock to Xicheng. Zhuge Liang had no generals around him, only a group of civil servants and 2500 soldiers in the city. Hearing the news, all the officials turned pale. Zhuge Liang ordered all the flags to be hidden, and four doors were opened wide, each with 20 soldiers, pretending to be ordinary people and sweeping the streets. Zhuge Liang, wearing a crane and a black turban, led two children and took a piano, sitting on the railing in front of the watchtower in the city, burning incense and playing the piano. Sima yi's former army whistle went to the city gate and dared not enter. Sima Yi became suspicious at the sight of an ambush and ordered the army to retreat. Sima Yi is walking on the path of Wugong Mountain, and Guan Xing and Zhang Bao are waiting here. Shouts are loud and drums are loud. I don't know how many Shu soldiers there are. Wei Jun didn't dare to stop for a long time, so he had to abandon the trench. The Shu army returned to Hanzhong overnight. Zhaoyun patrol, Wei Jun back, not a single soldier.

After Zhuge Liang withdrew his troops and returned to Hanzhong, he investigated the loss of Jieting. Wang Ping stated that Ma Su did not listen to advice and stationed troops on the mountain, which led to this failure. Zhuge Liang tearfully beheaded Ma Su for strict military law. Zhuge Liang made improper use of people and regretted not listening to Liu Bei's warning before he died: "Ma Su exaggerates, don't use it." Zhuge Liang wrote to the queen and laughed at himself. Zhuge Liang was in Hanzhong, loving the army and the people, encouraging soldiers to speak martial arts and accumulating food and grass for the future.

In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Wei Jun attacked Wu on the third road, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition again. The Shu army went through the big three passes this time and passed through the Chencang crossing. Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, adopted Sima Yi's suggestion and appointed Zhao Hao as the general of Zhenxi, guarding the intersection of Chencang. Also appointed Cao Zhen as viceroy, United with Guo Huai and Zhang Tai to guard the pass separately. Shu soldiers besieged Chencang for more than 20 days, so they were heavily guarded and could not attack. Zhuge Liang and Jiang Wei intend to withdraw from Chencang and go to Qishan. Jiang Wei sent a letter to Cao Zhen by pretending to surrender, luring Cao Zhen into the war, besieging and annihilating. Cao Zhen exultation, ready to meet as scheduled. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is willing to meet Jiang Wei on behalf of Cao Zhen. Fei Yao led an army of 50,000, expecting Gu Jie. Fei Yao was lured into the mountain road, surrounded by Shu soldiers, and was defeated. Feiyao has no way to escape. He committed suicide. All the others surrendered. Zhuge Liang drove troops overnight and went straight out of Qishan Xiazhai.

Zhuge Liang was stationed in Qishan, and there was little food and grass for only one month, which was conducive to a quick decision. According to Sima Yi's plan, Cao Zhen couldn't hold on, and Shu soldiers should not challenge him. Cao Zhen and Sun Li were contemplating, and when he had enough food and grass to withdraw, he pursued the situation and won a great victory. Sun Li also pretended to transport grain in a planned way, and the car was full of kindling. Shu soldiers came to rob, set fire to the car and were ambushed. Zhuge Liang saw through the plan and acted according to it, and told the generals to act according to it. It was the second watch of the night, and Ma Dai led three dry soldiers to Shanxi. He saw many chariots and battles, overlapping and winding into camps. Ma Dai sent troops to camp in the south and set them on fire. The chariots were exhausted and blazing with fire. Sun Li thought that Shu soldiers set fire to Wei Village, and quickly led the troops to cover up and kill them together. Behind the drums, Zhang Ben and Ma Zhong led the troops to kill, and Ma Dai led the troops to kill. Sun Li was defeated inside and outside, causing numerous deaths and injuries. Guan Xing and Zhang Bao stepped in and attacked Zhai Wei. Wei Bing was defeated, and they all came to Cao Zhai Zhen.

After the Shu soldiers won a great victory, Zhuge Liang immediately ordered to retreat, saying: Now that Wei soldiers are newly defeated, they dare not face up to the Shu soldiers, so they can take the opportunity to retreat unexpectedly. That night, the Shu soldiers retreated, leaving only the empty castle. Wei Yan refused to live in xinmeile joint-stock company at Chencang intersection, so he couldn't get away. Zhuge Liang sent someone to give Wei Yan a secret plan to teach Xinmeile Co., Ltd. to be beheaded. Wei Yan was tricked into pulling out the village at night and hurried back to Hanzhong. Wang Shuang chased it with a charger. Wei Yan, under the banner, asked Xinmeile Co., Ltd. to chase him, but he hid in the jungle and set fire to the village. Xinmeile Co., Ltd. saw the fire and retreated in panic. On the left hillside, Wei Yan suddenly emerged from the jungle. Xinmeile Co., Ltd. was frightened and caught off guard, and was beheaded by Wei Yan. Wei Yan's men only had thirty cavalry, and they walked slowly in the mountains.

In the seventh year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang led the army to the third northern expedition. Zhuge Liang found that Zhao Hao, the commander-in-chief of Chencang, was seriously ill, so he used a trick to capture Chencang and Sanguan, and drove the army back to Qishan and set up camp. Zhuge Liang ordered Jiang Wei to take Wudu with 10,000 soldiers, and Wang Ping took 10,000 soldiers to share Wei's strength. Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, sent Sima Yi to defend the Shu army. As soon as Sima Yi attacked the Shu soldiers, he ordered Guo Huai and Sun Li to rescue Wudu and Yin Ping from Longxi Road. Guo Huai and Sun Li were walking in the cracks when they reported that Wu and Shu soldiers had occupied them. When Guo Huai and Sun Li were about to return to the army, suddenly a charger appeared behind the mountain. Zhuge Liang sits on a four-wheeled vehicle, with Xing on the left and Zhang Bao on the right. Jiang Wei and Wang Ping led the troops to kill from behind. When the two armies were at war, Wei Bing was defeated, and Guo Huai and Sun Li abandoned their horses and fled.

Sima Yi expected Zhuge Liang to appease the people in Wudu and Yin Ping, and the camp was empty, so he ordered Zhang Tai and Dai Ling to take 10,000 chosen men each and rob Shu Village at night. Zhuge Liang expected Sima Yi to rob the village and made preparations. When Zhang Tai and Dai Ling approached Shu Zhai, they were surrounded by Shu army and Wei Bing was defeated.

Wei Bing fought two defeats, but Sima Yi failed to hold on. Zhuge Liang got the plan and ordered his withdrawal in order to attract Sima Yi to chase him. Shu soldiers retreated three miles to the village, and Sima Yi was afraid that he would not be chased by new recruits. The Shu army retreated three miles, but Sima Yi did not chase it; The Shu soldiers retreated another three miles, but Sima Yi dared not chase them. Zhang He said, "This is Zhuge Liang's plan to slow down his troops and gradually retreat to Shu. Why does the governor doubt it? " Zhang He asked to go to World War I.. Sima Yi ordered Zhang Tai and Dai Ling to lead a soldier first, and then led his own troops to meet him. Zhuge Liang found that Sima Yi was coming after him, so he dispatched his generals to attack as planned. Zhang Tai and Dai Ling led the troops, while Zhang Ben, Ma Zhong, Wu Yi and Wu Ban led the troops to battle. The Shu soldiers fought and left, Wei soldiers chased after a journey, Guan Xing led the troops to battle, and four generals came back together to cover up and kill them. Zhang Tai and Dai Ling fought to the death. Zhang Yi and Wang Ping ambushed again, cutting off the back road. Wei Bing fought hard and could not escape. Suddenly, drums were beating from behind, and Sima Yi led an army to kill Wang Ping and Zhang Yi. Jiang Wei and Liao Hua saw that the Shu soldiers were in danger on the mountain, so they split up and attacked Sima Yi's Dazhai according to Zhuge Liang's plan. Sima Yi learned that the Shu army attacked Da-zhai, and immediately rushed back to dispatch troops. The army fled in panic, and the Shu soldiers won a great victory. Sima Yi was defeated for a while, and when he rushed into the village, the Shu soldiers had retreated. Many people died in Wei Jun this time, and countless horses and equipment were abandoned.

Zhuge Liang met the victorious soldiers and returned to the village. He's about to make progress. Suddenly, he fell ill and was bedridden, so it was difficult to be a director any more. So I withdrew my troops and went back to Hanzhong and Chengdu for illness. Zhuge Liang went for five days before Sima Yi knew. Sima Yi left the generals to guard the pass and sent troops back.

In the autumn and July of the eighth year of Jianxing, Wei Taishou Cao Zhen attacked Shu. Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, took Cao Zhen as the viceroy and Sima Yi as the deputy viceroy, and led 400,000 troops to Jiange to take Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang was ill for a long time and went to Hanzhong for training. When Wang Ping heard that Wei Jun was coming to attack Shu, he ordered 1,000 soldiers to guard the Chencang ancient road and stop it. Zhuge Liang predicted that there would be continuous autumn rain in the month, so Wei Bing could not go deep and there was no need to send more troops. Cao Zhen and Sima Yi came to Chencang with a great army. In less than half a month, the autumn rain was heavy and dripping. The water depth outside Chencang is three feet, and the weapons are all wet. People can't sleep, and they are restless day and night. The heavy rain lasted for 30 days, the horse had no forage, countless people died, and the sergeant complained endlessly. Cao Zhen consulted with Sima Yi, but the army had no intention of fighting, and each had homesickness, so it was better to go back. In order to prevent the pursuit of Shu soldiers, the two armies were defeated first.

Zhuge Liang forbade people to chase Wei Bing, but he split his troops out of the inclined valley and took Qishan. Zhuge Liang ordered Wei Yan, Zhang Ben, Du Qiong and Chen Shi to leave Xiegu; Ma Dai, Wang Ping, Zhang Yi and Ma Zhong will all go to Qishan when they leave Ji Gu. Zhuge Liang raised his own army, making Guan Xing and Liao Hua as pioneers and heading for Qishan. Sima yi saw that the Shu army would catch up with him in the future, and had expected Zhuge Liang to March on Qishan. Cao Zhen did not believe it, so he made a bet with Sima Yi. That is, the soldiers were divided into two roads, and Cao Zhen led the troops to the west of Qishan, at Xiegukou; Sima Yi led the troops to Jigukou, east of Qishan. Sima Yi first led an army to lie in the valley, and the other armies camped on the road. Wei Yan, Zhang Ben, Du Qiong and Chen Shi led the troops into the battle. Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi to warn them: "If you leave Ji Gu, beware of Wei Jun's ambush and don't enter lightly." Chen did not listen to Deng Zhi's dissuasion and left with 5,000 soldiers. Within a few miles, Wei Jun fell out and surrounded Chen Shi. Thanks to Wei Yan, Zhang Ben and Du Qiong, Wei Bing retired. Chen Shi returned to the valley, leaving only four or five hundred wounded horses and five thousand soldiers. Cao Zhen didn't believe that the Shu soldiers were coming, so he asked Qin Liang, the lieutenant, to lead five thousand troops to explore. Qin Liang was attacked by the Shu army in the valley, Qin Liang died and Wei Jun surrendered. Zhuge Liang taught 5,000 soldiers to dress for the Shu army, pretending to be Wei soldiers, and came to the Wei military camp, and then the generals of the Shu army divided their troops into the camp. Wei Bing was caught off guard and escaped separately, and people escorted Cao Zhen to escape. Zhuge Liang defeated Wei Jun and drove his horse back to Qishan.

Cao Zhen once made a bet with Sima Yi that "Shu soldiers would not come", but was robbed by Shu soldiers. He was very upset and fell ill in bed. Zhuge Liang found out that Cao Zhen's illness remained in the army, and he was bound to be seriously ill, so as to reassure everyone. Zhuge Liang wrote a book to make Cao Zhen angry and sent Wei to surrender to Cao Zhen. The book tells the story of Cao Zhen's incompetence in the battle, which greatly humiliated him. Cao Zhen read a book, filled with hatred, and died in the army. Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, heard that Cao Zhen was dead, so he ordered Sima Yi to go to war. Sima Yi sent his troops to make a decisive battle with Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang ambushed Jiang Wei and Guan Xing that night and confronted Sima Yi the next day. The two sides agreed to fight first. Zhuge Liang made a "Eight Diagrams Array" and asked Sima Yi if he dared to fight. Sima Yi knew that it was a "Eight Diagrams Array", so he ordered Dai Ling, Zhang Hu and Lin Le to take thirty rides each, and taught them to win the entrance from the East Gate, show the door in the southwest and then open the door in the north. This array can be broken. However, Sima Yi did not know the changes of the Eight Diagrams Array. After the three generals entered the array, they saw that the array was like a city and there was no conflict. They were all tied by the Shu army. Zhuge Liang ordered three generals and ninety men to take off their clothes, put ink on their faces and put them back. Sima Yi was furious and ordered the army to kill him. As soon as the two armies confronted each other, Jiang Wei and Guan Xing entered the pass, and the Shu soldiers were attacked by three ways, and Wei Bing was defeated. Sima Yi retreated to Xiazhai, on the south bank of Weishui River, and could not hold on any longer.

When Zhuge Liang withdrew his troops and returned to Qishan, Li Yan of Yong 'an ordered a Gou 'an to deliver food to the army. Gouan has a good capacity for drinking, delaying the trip and violating the limit for ten days. Zhuge Liang was furious and made the samurai return eighty times. Gouan held a grudge and surrendered to Wei Jun. Sima Yi promised to let him go back to Chengdu, and made a rumor to eunuchs that Zhuge Liang held a grudge and wanted to be emperor sooner or later. The eunuch played the queen for nothing. I ordered Zhuge Liang to return to the DPRK. Upon receiving the imperial edict, Zhuge Liang raised his face to the sky and sighed, "Your master is young, and there must be courtiers around him. I just want to make contributions. Why should I take it back? " If I don't come back, I'm cheating on you; If you are ordered to return, this opportunity will be rare in the future. "Zhuge Liang had to retreat. In order to prevent Wei Bing from pursuing, he divided his troops and retreated five ways, increasing the number of stoves day by day to confuse Wei Jun. Because Zhuge Liang was resourceful, Sima Yi dared not pursue lightly. He first sent someone to check the number of stoves. When he saw that the number of stoves was increasing every day, he said, "I had expected Zhuge Liang to be resourceful, but now I am increasing the number of stoves by increasing the number of soldiers." If I pursue it, I will fall into a trap. I might as well retreat. " Then the team returned to Luoyang.

When Zhuge Liang returned to Chengdu, he found that it was a rumor about Gou 'an, and his late master regretted it. At this time, Gou An had gone to Wei, and Zhuge Liang beheaded the eunuch who had made a mistake. Then, return to Hanzhong and prepare for the Northern Expedition. In order to alleviate the fatigue of non-commissioned officers, 200,000 troops were divided into two classes, which took turns to fight, with a cycle of 100 days, and the rotation expired. In the spring of the ninth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang returned to attack Wei and went out to Qishan Xiazhai. Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, ordered Sima Yi to arise and meet them. Sima Yi took Zhang Tai as the pioneer, Guo Huai kept the counties in Longxi, and the rest of them entered separately. Zhuge Liang stayed in Qishan for several months, but the army was short of food. He repeatedly sent someone to urge Li Yan to transport food to cope with it, but it just didn't work. Zhuge Liang expected the wheat in Longxi to be ripe, so he led an army to Lucheng to cut the wheat. Sima Yi and Guo Huai visited Tianshui County to stop Zhuge Liang from cutting wheat. Zhuge Liang used the trick of playing tricks to make Sima Yi suspicious, and the whole army was in chaos, afraid to fight, and went their separate ways. Sima Yi was in Gaoshan City and was afraid to go to war for three days. At this time, Zhuge Liang ordered 30 thousand soldiers to cut all the wheat in Gansu and transport it to Lucheng to dry. Later, Sima Yi learned that Zhuge Liang was dressed as Jiang Wei, Ma Dai and Wei Yan, sitting in a four-wheeled vehicle like Zhuge Liang, lying in ambush dozens of miles apart, and Zhuge Liang was the first to lure the enemy out. So Sima Yi ran for dozens of miles and still appeared in front of him. Sima Yi looked up at the sky and sighed, "Zhuge Liang has a chance to disappear!" Guo Huai said with a smile, "I only lied for a while, and now I've seen through it. What a pity. " They plan to attack Lucheng at night. Zhuge Liang had expected that Sima Yi would attack Lucheng at night, so he ordered Jiang Wei, Wei Yan, Ma Dai and Ma Zhong to ambush in the wheat fields around Lucheng, only to hear gunshots and kill them in all directions. At night, Guo Huai and Sima Yi joined forces and surrounded Lucheng. Tens of thousands of crossbows in the city are in full swing and arrows are raining down. Wei Bing dare not move forward. Suddenly, a gunshot killed four Shu soldiers together. Lucheng opened four doors wide, and the Shu soldiers in the city fought back from the inside, killing each other for a while. Sima Yi and Guo Huai led the defeated troops to escape from the encirclement and lost more than 3,000 people.

Sima Yi and Guo Huai considered the strategy of breaking the enemy, and decided to transfer Sun Li to lead Yong and Guo Huai to attack Jiange, so as to cut off the supply route of the Shu army. Sima Yi led an army to attack Lucheng. In order to prevent Wei Jun from attacking Jiange, Zhuge Liang ordered Jiang Wei and Ma Dai to lead 10,000 troops to defend the danger first. At this time, half of the Shu soldiers have reached the rotation period, and the Sichuan soldiers have left Kawaguchi. Suddenly I heard that Sun Li led 200,000 Liang Yong people to attack Jiange, and Sima Yi led his own army to attack Lucheng. Yang Yi said to Zhuge Liang, "Wei Bing is in a hurry. You can leave the shift-changing people to retreat to the enemy, and then change them when the new recruits arrive." Zhuge Liang said: "I command my generals with soldiers, and I am based on faith." Since I gave the order first, how can I break my word? " Is to order the soldiers to go, just the same day. Hearing this, all the troops shouted, "The Prime Minister has treated the people so well. We are willing to lay down our lives and kill Tai Wei to repay the Prime Minister. " Zhuge Liang said, "It's time for you to go home. How can you stay here any longer? " All the troops will go to war and will not go home. Zhuge Liang ordered them to camp outside the city and prepare to go to Wei Bing. The soldiers came from afar, and the troops were exhausted and did not catch their breath. The Shu army rushed in, and everyone bravely defeated Wei Jun.

Zhuge Liang was about to lead the army to attack when Li Yan held him back. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang and lied that Wu and Wei were in peace. Wei asked Wu to attack Shu, and the emperor ordered him to withdraw. Zhuge Liang read the book and said to the generals, "If Wu Dong rises to attack Shu, I must retreat." Then he ordered the troops of Qishan Dazhai to return to West Shu. Zhuge Liang set an ambush in front of the wooden door to prevent Wei Bing from coming, so that Wei Yan and Guan Xing could break up. Sima Yi found that the Shu soldiers were retreating, so he sent Zhang Tai, a pioneer, to chase them. Wei Yan, Guan Xing and Zhang He took turns to confront each other. After more than ten battles, they left and introduced Mrs. Zhang into the wooden door. The Shu army broke the wooden doors at both ends with wood and stone, and Zhang Tai could not advance or retreat in the wooden doors. The Shu army ambushed thousands of crossbows and shot hundreds of people in Zhang Taihe at the wooden door.

In February of the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), Zhuge Liang made his fifth northern expedition and left Qishan Xiazhai. Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, appointed Sima Yi as the viceroy, and took command of various military forces to go to Xiazhai in Weibin. Xia Houba led an army of fifty thousand, set up nine pontoons on the Wei River, and camped opposite the Wei River. Guo Huai and Sun Li, the prefect of Longxi, were ordered to set up a village in Beiyuan to stop the Shu soldiers from feeding. Zhuge Liang used the strategy of attacking the North Plain in the open and taking the Weihe Bridge in the dark. Because Sima Yi saw through it, he lost the first battle. Sima Yi sent Zheng Wen, a partial general, to the Shu camp to make a false surrender and take advantage of it. Zhuge Liang saw through the fake surrender, went along with him, and made Zheng Sima Yi rob Shu Village at night. He was the inside man. Sima Yi believed it, so he ordered Qin Lang to rob the village with ten thousand troops, and he led the troops to meet them himself. Zhuge Liang has made arrangements to lead his troops on the high mountain and command all the troops. Qin Lang led the troops into Shu Village, and when he saw no one, he knew that it was a trap. When he hurried back to the army, the Shu army ambushed him. Qin Lang fought to the death, but he couldn't get rid of it. He died in the army. Sima Yi just wanted to urge his troops to meet the enemy, but he was attacked by Jiang Wei and Wei Yan. Wei Bing was defeated, and Sima Yi led the defeated soldiers back to their villages.

In order to contain Wei Jun, Zhuge Liang sent Fei Yi to Sun Quan to attack Wei. After reading this book, Sun Quan sent Lu Xun and Zhu Gejin to Tun Jiangxia and Miankou to attack Xiangyang, while Sun Quan himself led an army to besiege Hefei New Town. In response to the attack of Soochow, Cao Rui, the ruler of Wei, told Sima Yi to hold his ground and let the Shu army retreat. In view of the lessons from the past, Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled in the field, intending to be stationed for a long time. In order to solve the difficulty of grain transportation, Zhuge Liang designed a means of transportation called "Liu Ma the Bull", which was made by more than 1000 people in the valley above. After it is made, it is very convenient to transport grain and grass from Jiange to Qishan Dazhai. Unfortunately, this kind of wooden cow was later lost.

Zhuge Liang saw that Sima Yi could not hold on, so he designed to draw him out. Zhuge Liang ordered Ma Dai to build a fence in the upper valley, dig a deep ditch in the camp, and accumulate more dry wood to start a fire. On the surrounding mountains, firewood was used to build shacks, mines were buried inside and outside, and the back road to the valley was blocked. Wei Yan was ordered to fight in Zhai Wei, and Sima Yi had to be lured to fight. He also ordered Gao Xiang to drive the wooden cattle and horses on the mountain road. If Taiwei comes to catch them, he will let them catch them. Zhuge Liang called out the soldiers of Qishan Dazhai one by one, only pushing the fields, and ordered: "If Gao Wei comes to fight, he can only cheat and defeat; If Sima Yi comes to attack, we must join forces to attack Weinan and cut off its retreat. " Zhuge Liang led a great army up and down the village near the valley, just waiting for Sima Yi to play.

Sima Yi thought it was a long-term plan when he saw that the Shu soldiers were scattered and settled their fields, so he ordered Xia Houhui and Xia Houhe to lead five thousand troops each. Gao Xiang pretended to transport grain and drove Liu Ma, a cattle herder, to and from the upper valley. Xia Houhui and Xia Houhe led the troops to intercept him, but Gao Xiang failed, and Liu Ma, the cow, was taken away by Wei Bing. Between half a month, Wei Bing won several battles in a row. Sima Yi was glad to see Shu's failure. Upon inquiry, the captured Shu army learned that Zhuge Liang was not in Qishan, but camped in the valley above. Sima Yi joined forces to attack the Qishan Dazhai and led the Shu soldiers to rescue them. But he personally took the grain and burned its grain and grass, which made the Shu army defeated. So, Wei Bing came to Qi Shanzhai, and all the Shu soldiers in each village came to help, but in vain. Sima Yi saw that the Shu soldiers were going to save the Qi stronghold, so he took his second son and the Chinese guards and rushed to the valley above. When Wei Yan saw that Sima Yi was coming, he went to war with him. If you can't beat the triad, send your horse back. Sima Yi saw that Wei Yan's military forces were few, so he pursued them with confidence. Sima Yi was on the left, Si Mazhao was on the right, and Sima Yi pretended to be in the middle. Together, they attacked and killed him. Wei Yan led the troops back to the valley, and Sima Yi also chased them into the valley. Wei Yan has disappeared in front of him. Sima Yi was suspicious when he heard shouts of shock. The torch fell on the mountain, Taniguchi was burned, and Wei Bing had no way out. When the mountain fire came down, the mines stood out together, the dry wood in the straw house was burning, and the fire went straight into the sky. Sima yi was at a loss and had to dismount and hug her two sons and cry. I was crying when suddenly a strong wind blew, the air was filled with black gas, there was a thunder, the rain poured down, and the fires in the valley were put out. Sima Yi was overjoyed and led his two sons to kill him. Zhuge Liang sighed, "Man proposes, God disposes." Shu soldiers captured Sima Yi's Weinan Dazhai and defeated Wei Bing. Sima yi retreated to the north shore and burned the pontoon bridge.

Zhuge Liang challenged many times in Wuzhangyuan, but he couldn't stand it. In order to encourage Sima Yi to go to war, Zhuge Liang packed a woman's clothes in a big box, wrote a book and sent someone to Sima Yi. Sima yi was furious after reading it, but he still pretended to laugh and made him wait, and asked Zhuge Liang about his diet and troubles. The messenger said, "The Prime Minister stayed up all night. If he is fined more than 30, he will ask himself. His diet is only a few liters a day. " Sima Yi pointed to the generals and said, "Zhuge Liang eats less and worries about things. How long can he last? " The messenger went back and reported to Zhuge Liang truthfully. Zhuge Liang said, "He knows me very well." Since then, Zhuge Liang's old illness has recurred and become increasingly heavy. When Jiang Wei offered his condolences, Zhuge Liang said, "I wanted to do my best to revive the Central Plains and the Han Dynasty, but it was God's will that I would die. What I have learned in my life, I have written 24 books, accounting for more than140,000 words, including eight things, seven commandments, six fears and five methods. I have no one to teach you, but only you can pass on my book. Don't neglect. " On his deathbed, Zhuge Liang gave Yang Yi the plan of withdrawing troops. Zhuge Liang died on August 22nd, the 12th year of Jianxing, at the age of 54. According to Zhuge Liang's teachings, the Shu army retreated on all sides.

Zhuge Liang made five northern expeditions to the Central Plains, which lasted seven and a half years and failed. The main reason is that Shu Han's national strength is not strong and it is difficult to compete with Cao Wei. Zhuge Liang is an outstanding strategist and politician, but due to the limitation of objective conditions, it is difficult for him to win.