Nanyang immigrants Fengqiu

1

Fengqiu county, located in the northeast of Henan Province, is now under the jurisdiction of Xinxiang City, 60 kilometers southeast of Xinxiang City. It borders Changyuan County in the east, Kaifeng City across the Yellow River in the south, County in the west and Hua County in Anyang City in the north. Located in the old course of the Yellow River, the landform is complex, with sand dunes, plains and depressions, and the terrain inclines from southwest to northeast. This is the great plain of continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone. The Yellow River flows from the south to the east of the county, and agricultural cultivation has unique advantages. Today, Fengqiu is one of the 100 commodity grain producing counties in China, which is rich in wheat, rice, corn, soybeans, millet, mung beans, cotton, peanuts, rape, sesame and other crops. Honeysuckle is a national production base, and celery, mushrooms, pomegranate and honeysuckle are famous all over the country.

Fengqiu has a long history and rich cultural heritage, which was recorded in writing in the Spring and Autumn Period. Our ancestors lived here as early as the Xia Dynasty. Earth-shattering historical dramas such as the battle of princes, the hegemony of Chu and Han, and the mutiny of Chen Qiao have all been staged here. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi, Jin, Wu and other vassal states held three chariot meetings in Fengqiu. The first time was the meeting of wormholes. Around 586 BC (the 21st year of Zhou Dynasty), Duke Jing of Jin initiated the Nine Kings Anti-Chu Conference in Zhengdi Wormhole, which was a famous wormhole conference in history. The second time was in 529 BC (the 16th year of King Jing of Zhou), when Zhao Jingong ascended the throne. In order to restore the hegemony of our ancestors and strive for hegemony with Qi, in July, governors of various countries were invited to hold a meeting, which was called a meeting in history. The third time was the Huangchi meeting. In 482 BC (thirty-eight years of the week), Fu Cha, the king of Wu, led an army to meet the princes in Huangchi and compete with Jin for leadership. This is the famous Huangchi Conference in history, also known as Huangchi Alliance.

Zhai Mu's dinner also took place in Fengqiu. In the Chu-Han War, Liu Bang fled after being defeated by Xiang Yu and passed by Xiang Yan (now the northwest corner of fengqiu county). When he met Zhai Mu, he begged for food, and Zhai Mu gave her a meal. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, Zhai Mu was appointed as the marquis of Fengqiu, and fengqiu county was established in Xiang Yan. That's how the word "dividing the ball" came from.

The most famous is the Chen Qiao mutiny. In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin (Song Taizu), a general of the later Zhou Dynasty, led the troops to Chen Qiaoyi, launched a mutiny, and put a yellow robe on his body, thus creating a three-hundred-year inheritance of the Dasong Dynasty, which made China move from chaos to governance and from division to unity.

Chen Qiao Site is located in the southeast of Fengqiu County 13km to the north of Xiaoxi Street in Chenqiao Town. Chen Qiao Village was once a post station in the later Zhou Dynasty of the Five Dynasties. Zhao Kuangyin Chen Qiao mutiny, after the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, is still a post station. In the fourth year of Suining (1 105), Zong Wei changed the post station to Dongyue Temple to show his ancestral business. In the third year of Tianshun in Ming Dynasty, Zhao Huang advocated renovation, and Zhao Ming's eldest sons Yi Dan and Wang Daoran renovated the main hall, the east and west floors, the gate, the bedroom and the children's hall of Wei Zi Palace in Tiantan Mountain. In September of the 16th year of Qing Shunzhi, Yang Jiude presided over the reconstruction. In the 9th year of Qianlong (1744), the statue of Yamaraja in the Hall of Ursa Major was rebuilt. In the 13th year of Guangxu (1887), the Huangpao Hall in Song Taizu was rebuilt in October of the lunar calendar. On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the East and West Houses have been transformed into classrooms, and the front door and wall have been demolished. At present, there is only one yellow robe in the main hall, a tree tied with Ma Huai, a yellow robe monument in Song Taizu, a red monument on the boundless river in Gu Zhenguan, a monument to Nian Nujiao in agricultural spring, a monument to Ma Huai in Jin Menglin and a monument to rebuilding the mountain gate in Ming Dynasty. "Ma Tiehuai" stretches for thousands of years and is the witness of historical development. The stone carvings preserved here include poems and inscriptions, which have not only literary and artistic value, but also the artistic value of calligraphy and a well. Song Taizu's yellow robe was added to the main hall, which still maintained the architectural style when it was rebuilt in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. This is a nine-ridged hall with a single eaves, with 12 columns. 1978 was renovated again, with carved beams and painted columns, rolling dragon plates, red walls and green tiles, resplendent and magnificent, and Zhao Kuangyin's portrait was hung inside for visitors to enjoy.

Gao Shi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once served as the magistrate of Fengqiu County, leaving an immortal poem Fengqiu Zuo:

I am a fisherman and a savage, and I have been an idle person all my life.

At first glance, you can sing wildly in the grass, but you'd better be an official.

Just say that the town is idle and the public is crowded.

It's sad to see the CEO and lash out at Li Shu.

Sad to go home and ask his wife, the family laughed happily.

The cause of the trouble should be a field in Nanmu, and the situation in the world will be ruined.

Dreaming that the old mountain is safe, I will return late for the topic.

Knowing that Belle was his disciple, he remembered Tao Qian's return.

This poem is sincere, full of momentum, with straight words, neat structure, ups and downs, and surging feelings. This is the poet's heartfelt confession, which shows the contradiction between his ideal and reality, his strong desire to retire after becoming an official, and also makes Fengqiu occupy a place among Tang poetry and Song poetry and literati.

On April 5th, 1958, Mao Zedong wrote "Introducing a Cooperative", which affirmed that after two years of hard struggle, the English Drama Club in fengqiu county, Henan Province has taken on a new look. The article holds that the spirit of * * * is developing vigorously throughout the country, and the consciousness of the broad masses is improving rapidly. The backward class among the masses is trying to catch up with the advanced class, which shows that China's socialist economic revolution, political revolution, ideological revolution, technological revolution and cultural revolution are advancing. The article writes: "The salient features of China's 600 million people are poverty and poverty. This looks like a bad thing, but it's actually a good thing. Poverty produces a desire for change, a desire for action and a desire for revolution. A blank piece of paper, no burden, allows you to write the latest and most beautiful words and draw the latest and most beautiful pictures. "

After the founding of New China, Fengqiu has made great progress, especially after the reform and opening up. Fengqiu construction is changing with each passing day, with convenient transportation and extending in all directions. More than 95% of villages have asphalt roads. Industry has begun to take shape, forming an industrial production system with chemicals, machinery, building materials and paper making as the main body. The main products are ammonium bicarbonate, urea, aluminum alloy screen window, cement, automobile shaft parts and so on. Handicrafts include wall hanging, embroidery, rattan weaving, reed weaving, straw weaving and so on. Qinglong Lake is the largest natural lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, with an area of more than 6,000 mu, vast waters and lush aquatic plants, which will never dry up all year round. The wetland bird nature reserve in the old course of the Yellow River is full of birds and flowers, with beautiful scenery. Sightseeing agricultural area, 10,000 mu pomegranate garden, blooming in spring and red branches in autumn. Full of green, the production base of Wanqing honeysuckle, is endless, and it is refreshing to be in it. The river view hanging on the ground is rough and magnificent.

When Li Anqin was born, Fengqiu was still in a state of extreme backwardness. People mainly live by agriculture and walk on two legs. Rich families can use donkeys, mules and horses as means of transportation. Coupled with frequent wars, the whole society presents a situation in which people are in dire straits.

2

The ancestors of the Li family can be traced back to 700 years ago.

According to the records of Li's genealogy (1965438+the seventh revision in 2008), they moved from Longxi, Gansu to Xiwangzhuang more than 600 years ago or even earlier. In the Li family's word-of-mouth narrative, they moved from the big locust tree in Hongdong, Shanxi.

Longxi is 200 kilometers west of Tianshui today. Longxi is named after Longshan, which is recorded in history books? "Biography of Xiang Yu" records: "Taking advantage of the situation began in Longmu." The word "long" here means field ridge. It turns out that the ancient "dragon" and "ridge" are interlinked, referring to the field ridge. In ancient times, people saw that the mountains in the west of Guanzhong Plain were like ridges, so they were called Longshan. "Ci Hai" said: Longshan is another name for the southern section of Liupanshan. Ban Long, also known as Ban Long, is located in the west of Longxian County, Shaanxi Province from north to south, with a total length of about120km. It is the dividing line between Weihe Plain and Longxi Plateau.

The word "Longxi" attracted people's attention in the twenty-seventh year of Qin Dynasty (280 BC). In this year, Zhao Haoqi of Qin Dynasty built Longxi County and the Great Wall to defend the western minorities and fundamentally ensure the stability of the Qin people's rear area. Historical records and archaeological excavations prove that Qin people developed and grew up in a vast area centered on Lixian County. As early as the Xia Dynasty, they "adjusted the birds and beasts for the Xia royal family, and the birds and beasts were more tame", so they "won the surname". On the occasion of the death of Xia Shang Dynasty, the Xia Shang Dynasty in Qin Dynasty was "more prominent" because of its military achievements. By the time of the Zhou Dynasty, the Qin people were already filial kings. "The main horse is between Tan Kai and Weihe River, and this horse is very generous." Because of its meritorious service, it won Qin (now Tianshui, Gansu Province), and the Zhou royal family asked it to "make peace with Xirong". Arrived, escorted the Zhou royal family eastward, was enfeoffed by the Zhou royal family, and gradually developed and expanded. In the first year of Qin Xiangong (384 BC), De was destroyed and De Dao was established.

Longxi County is located in Qin and Wu Xiang County is located in Han. In the long history of more than 2,000 years, Longxi has always been the seat of counties, prefectures and governments in past dynasties, and once became the earliest provincial capital, political, economic, military and cultural center of Longyou. This is the birthplace of Li's surname, with outstanding people. The world's Li originated in Longxi, and generations of talents came forth in large numbers. "Longxitang" is famous at home and abroad. Li Guang, the flying general in "But make Longcheng fly, don't teach Hu Mahua to spend the Yinshan Mountain", is from Longxi. The ancestors of Li Shimin, the king of the Tang Dynasty, were also from Longxi. Today, visitors to Tianshui can also see the tomb of Li Guang, a flying general.

Among more than 2,000 counties in China, the most famous one is Hongdong. Hong Dong's fame spread far and wide. First of all, it's because of the sad singing of a brothel woman: "Su San has left Hongdong County ..." Peking Opera is a national quintessence, and lovers will hum a few words of "Yu Tang Chun" when they are happy. Those bad people occasionally turn on TV and radio, and maybe a Susan will jump into their eyes or ears, so "Hong Dong" is deeply embedded in the memory of China people.

Ask where our hometown is,

Sophora japonica in Hongdong, Shanxi.

What's your ancestral home name,

The old man's nest under the big locust tree.

This is a popular folk song in China. It is about the memory of my hometown, Hong Tong. The reputation of the Li family is not groundless.

Indeed, the great migration of Hongdong has a historical basis and is a planned and organized official act. According to the "Hongdong County Records" of the Republic of China, "During the Ming Hongwu and Yongle years, Shanxi people moved to Chu, He, Beiping, Shandong, Henan, Baoan and other places many times, and trees were the gathering place." Some historical documents of China, such as The History of the Ming Dynasty, The History of the Ming Dynasty, A General Examination of Continued Documents, have records of immigrants, and the records of folk immigrants are more abundant. A large number of folk genealogies, tombstones and ancestral inscriptions in Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places have also recorded the migration of Sophora japonica in Hongtong County. These data show that the Ming Dynasty was Hongwu. This migration is of great significance for consolidating the feudal rule of the Ming Dynasty, resuming production, developing economy, developing frontiers, ethnic integration, cultural exchange and the subsequent development of our society.

According to the comprehensive historical data and genealogy records, the migration route of the Li family should be as follows:

More than 700 years ago, there was a family named Li in Longxi, Gansu. Sometime later, they moved to Hongdong, Shanxi Province, and moved to Xiwangzhuang, Henan Province in Hongwu and Yongle periods of the Ming Dynasty. In a word, this Li family began their long migration.

Now we can't know the real reason for their migration, but according to historical data and experience, they must have encountered difficulties, and they can't survive in their hometown in Longxi, or they can't survive well. Therefore, they have the feat of leaving their homes.

Following the footsteps of their ancestors, they first went north to Hongdong County, Shanxi Province. Shaanxi was once the birthplace of their common ancestor Li Shimin and his son. With the hope of being blessed by their ancestors, they want to settle here and pay homage to their ancestors. However, this place is no longer the bustling scene of the Tang Dynasty. Like Longxi, there are famines, mutinies and persecution by corrupt officials. So before the family could settle down and have children, they set off again. It is impossible to know whether they are organized by the government or spontaneously. In short, they chose south this time. Intuition tells them that along this river, you can find a land rich in water and grass. Only when we get there can hard work be rewarded with rich harvest. So they found the Yellow River and crossed it. Those muddy yellow waters! They walked and walked, and finally saw a large plain, which they had never seen before, and which Longxi and Hongdong did not have, completely beyond their imagination. They instinctively think that so much flat land is so suitable for farming. If we plant a large area of wheat, we will not be far from heaven. They hesitated to stay here.

At this point, we have to stop temporarily. Every migration of human beings is an epoch-making feat and a magnificent epic that makes the gods cry. And every migration is full of hardships, whether it is a surname or an ethnic group, relatively speaking, the migration of a surname is more difficult. The migration of the distant ancestors of the Li family is also full of hardships. In their confusion and hope, urged by the most primitive and intense internal demand, they did not hesitate to take an unknown road to towards the distant. Lu Xun said well, one wants to survive and the other wants to develop. Survival comes first. If a century later, their descendant, a young man named Li Anqin, went to Xinjiang alone for a living.

three

Xiwangzhuang is on the edge of the Yellow River, only a few miles from it. This is an ordinary farm, just like all the farms we usually see on the plains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. What may be different is that the layout of Xiwangzhuang is very regular and square. There are three parallel streets. This street is called the central street by the villagers. The street to the south of Central Street is South Street, and the street to the north is Back Street. There is a kind of plant called pueraria lobata around the village, which was the favorite place of Li Anqin and his companions when they were children. During 1966, when Li Anqin returned to his hometown for the first time, Pueraria lobata had obviously decreased and almost disappeared. By the time he returned to his hometown for the second time in 2002, Pueraria lobata had completely disappeared.

There are four temples in Xiwangzhuang, which are distributed along the central street. In the center of the village, that is, in the middle of the central street, there is not only a small temple, but also an ancient well. The small temple is called Lao Nai Temple. On the westernmost side is a big temple, that is, the ancestral hall of the Li family, and there are two small temples dedicated to gods, which Li Anqin can't remember clearly.

Li's ancestral home is opposite to the small temple in the center street, and it is distributed in the east-west direction along a north-south alley. The big house in the west belongs to Li Feng's owner, and the one in the east belongs to Li Fengqi's family. They are Li Anqin's second great-grandfather and great-grandfather respectively. However, when Li Anqin was born, they were already dead and only their descendants were still alive.

When it comes to the ancestors of the Li family, we can't help but mention them in particular. He is a key figure in Li Zhongxing. The Li family has moved to Xiwangzhuang for generations, and it is the fourteenth generation now. Several generations have worked hard in Xiwangzhuang, and they just have enough food and clothing. However, through the efforts of several generations, their family wealth gradually became rich. By the time he arrived, he was already able to do business. With his intelligence, the Li family quickly developed into a big family.

Li Yupei lived in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. This is a very thrifty man, and he has done his diligence to the extreme. If he walks on the road and sees a rag head, he will bend down to pick it up and take it home; If he sees a firewood, even a small branch, he will bend down and pick it up and take it home. Even if he comes across a pile of dung from cattle, donkeys or mules and horses, he will shovel it home. If he has no tools for other reasons, he will run home and take out a shovel and shovel it back. In his eyes, these are all good things and useful things. Cloth ends can be used for mending, branches can add a fire, firewood can even be taken to the market to sell or exchange other useful things, and feces can fatten crops and make them grow stronger. He thinks it is a waste and a disaster not to pick up these things. Therefore, he kept picking it up at the end of the street. So, I got a mean nickname from the villagers: crossing the road! It means that as long as he walks, he picks up a clean road.

Li Yupei's nickname is not for nothing. His frugality, diligence and business acumen made him break away from the ordinary life of his fellow villagers, bought a lot of farmland, and opened a dye house and a salt shop. It is impossible to trace back his business deeds in detail now, but what is certain is that it is a difficult process after all.

Li Yupei has two sons, the eldest son Li Fengqi and the second son Li Fengdong. Li Fengqi is Li Anqin's great grandfather. He first adopted Li Yupei's younger brother, Li Yuzhen, and then returned to his family. When Li Fengqi came back, she inherited Li Yuzhen's property, which further strengthened their family business. By the time of the Republic of China, that is, in the hands of Grandpa Li Anqin, the Li family was a real big family, with not only more than 300 acres of land, but also a large number of livestock and handymen, and also opened an inn on the basis of dyeing workshops and salt shops.

Although Li Yupei is frugal, he is generous. He is strict with himself, strict with himself, thrifty and kind to the villagers. His son Li Fengqi is like his father. Li Fengqi's son is worse.

Li Fengqi's eldest son, Li Jinling, was born on September 22nd, the year of Qing Daoguang (12), and was at the critical moment of historical upheaval. The second son is Li Jinrong, Li Anqin's grandfather. Li Jinrong gave birth to four children, three boys and one girl. Li Jinrong died when his eldest son 16 years old, and in 1933, it was a good time to reach the prime of life. A year after Li Jinrong's death, Li Anqin's grandmother died with him. This year, their little daughter has just turned one year old, and has since grown up under the care of her brother Li Anqin's father.

Li Anqin's grandfather is a tall man with a particularly honest and frank personality. There are two points about his story that are particularly worth talking about. First, he is so strong that he can swing any wooden unicycle in the village with one hand. Such strength is a good hand at doing farm work; Second, he is full of passion and dares to think and do. At the beginning of the Revolution of 1911, the trend of braiding swept across the land of China, and he went to fengqiu county without hesitation to cut off the braids that had been stored for more than ten or twenty years. However, such a high-spirited person died young, which makes people sigh!

As for grandma, Li Anqin remembers her superb medical skills, knowing how to treat hemorrhoids and common sores, which relieved a lot of pain for the villagers. Therefore, grandma has a good reputation in the village. Grandma's family is a family of doctors, who have been doctors for generations. Due to the feudal tradition of passing on men instead of women, her family was very wary of her. Grandma only learned to cut hemorrhoids, know a little massage, and can't dispense medicine. Grandma and dad have the prescription.

Li Fengqi attaches great importance to the education of his children, which is different from his father. Therefore, his eldest son, Li Jinling, received a good education and became the first scholar of the Li family. Li Jinling studied in a private school, but also experienced the outside world. When he was young, the Revolution of 1911 was surging, and new ideas and schools mushroomed, so he was also influenced by new education.

During the development of the Li family, he was also a key figure. He instilled the idea of reading in his life and instilled it in future generations. His grandfather Li Yupei established the economic status of the family, while Li Jinling established the cultural status of the family. Knowledge changes fate, which is a summary of family experience. Although this sentence appeared in the late 20th century, what Li Jinling realized, including what Li Anqin deeply realized later, was the same meaning expressed by this sentence.