What environment is suitable for human habitation?

Author: When talking about the population problem, we think that the population density of China is not high in the world, so there is no need to limit the population. Some people refute this view that China has a large area of land unsuitable for human habitation, so it can't compare with other countries in population density. In fact, the plains only occupy a small part of the world's land area, and even less are suitable for climate and temperature. Not only is China a mountainous country, but most countries in the world are mountainous except a few low-lying countries in Western Europe, and the land of these countries is basically composed of plains. There are also large areas of Alaska in the United States in the alpine region; In addition to the extremely narrow windward slope along the eastern coast of Australia, there is abundant rainfall and most of the population is concentrated, among which the western region is also an arid grassland; Although Brazil's vast Amazon plain is abundant in rainfall and suitable for crop growth, Sao Paulo and Rio on the southeast coast are densely populated. The population density in different parts of a country is uneven, which exists in most countries. In "Revealing the Deep Reasons for the Large Population of the Chinese Nation", I have already discussed the difference of population density in areas with little difference in natural conditions. So in different natural environments, what kind of environment is suitable for human habitation? In fact, people's requirements for the living environment are not very high. The proverbs "soil and water nourish one side" and "relying on mountains to eat, relying on water to eat" illustrate the truth that different environments have different lifestyles. In ancient times, areas suitable for planting crops were of course suitable for farming people to recuperate, while the vast grasslands produced generations of nomadic people. In the early days of the establishment of the Mongolian and Yuan regime, the rulers had the idea of turning the vast agricultural areas in North China into pastures. In their eyes, pasture is definitely more suitable for people to live and survive. Moreover, there is far more than one source of food for human beings. In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is not suitable for rice cultivation, hardworking Tibetan compatriots grow highland barley and take it as their staple food. Relevant historical data prove that in the 7th and 8th centuries, the Tibetan population once reached170,000, and its powerful strength once posed a serious threat to the Tang Empire. From the pro-Tubo policy of the Tang Dynasty, we can see the power of Tibetans at that time. Which dynasty princess is willing to marry a "fan gang" whose strength is far from commensurate? ) So what's the reason to say that these places can't accommodate so many people now? With the development and change of human production technology and mode, the range of environment suitable for human survival is expanding. Before the Tang and Song Dynasties, Guangdong and Guangxi were regarded as wild places full of boils by the people in the Central Plains, which was obviously not suitable for human habitation. Su Dongpo's "Huizhou A Unique Skill" wrote: 300 lychees a day, and I would like to grow up to be a Lingnan person. On the one hand, it describes the delicious taste of litchi, on the other hand, it also reflects the hardships of living environment in Lingnan at that time. If lychee is not delicious, it is rare to come to Lingnan! Han Yu's poem "Moving the Orchid to View the Grandnephew's Neck": A letter plays with the sky, and it takes eight thousand days to travel. If you want to eliminate disasters for the wise, will you be willing to decline and cherish your old age? Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling? The heavy snow hindered the horse's progress. Knowing that you came all the way, you should have done it on purpose so that I could collect the bones by the river. It reflects Han Yu's sad mood of being demoted to Chaozhou (Guangdong) as a secretariat. With the development of agricultural farming technology and the continuous immigration brought by the Northern War, Guangdong Province has become the most economically developed province in China, attracting immigrants from all over the country to settle down and start businesses. The charming living environment at the seaside in Sanya, Hainan has made many tourists linger, but before the Song Dynasty, the desolate Hainan Island was only an exile for relegated officials and criminals. Today's society has entered an industrialized and information-based society, and the scope of human activities is much wider than that of agricultural societies. With the development of agricultural technology, arid Israel not only established its own country, but also created a miracle of agricultural products export on its own land. Agriculture is no longer the only way of life in our society. In arid areas, there are also resources that society needs now, and people's labor is needed to turn them into wealth. On the map, there is no river in a large area of Arabian Peninsula. If soil, climate and water resources are all suitable living environments, then these places should not be inhabited at all. But many of us in turn envy other people's oil resources. Similarly, California in the United States is also an arid place, but the arid environment of industrial society has not prevented it from becoming the most developed and populous state in the United States. The main reason for water shortage in some cities in northern China is not that there are too few water resources to provide people with domestic water, but that the current social domestic water consumption only accounts for a very small part of the social water consumption. In the era of planned economy, we don't act according to economic laws, but develop a large number of water-consuming agriculture and industry in the arid northern region with the idea of "man can conquer nature", which leads to water shortage. Nowadays, all kinds of industries don't need to consume too much water. Why not develop them where water is scarce? In the more water-deficient Middle East, large-scale cities and industries suitable for development can still be built. Why are many places in China uninhabitable? To blindly pursue "all-round" development, or to restrict development by the shortage of certain resources, is obviously not in line with the Scientific Outlook on Development proposed by General Secretary Hu. My hometown is in the south, with abundant rainfall. I spent my middle school days in a middle school in a hillside village. At that time, because of poor material conditions, there was no running water, and the washing water was pumped from the well under the hillside every day. When universities come to North China, where water resources are scarce, the water is much more generous, and the tap water for watering lawns on campus can even catch up with rice fields in the south. These not only reflect the different degrees of economic development, but also reflect the unreasonable use of resources in some places. I have also seen the difficulty of drinking water in parts of southwest and northwest reflected by various media. In fact, this is not the lack of water resources at all, but the backward economy and scattered population do not have the scale effect of building centralized water supply facilities. If we don't treat these areas as "uninhabitable" environments and restrict population development, then they will never be "suitable" for living, and the resources in these remote areas will never be automatically transformed into the wealth needed by mankind. But if there are enough people to build cities, not only the living conditions can be greatly improved, but also various resources can be continuously provided for the development of the country, and the living environment in other places can be improved. For example, Panzhihua on the Jinsha River, Xichang in Dashangou, Karamay and Golmud on the Gobi Desert in the northwest were just barren beaches that were "unsuitable" for human habitation decades ago.