Stories of some disabled celebrities

1. Hua Luogeng

In 1946, a certain university in the United States hired the famous mathematician Hua Luogeng as a tenured professor with generous conditions. But he replied: "In order to choose the truth and for the sake of the country and the nation, I want to return to China!" Finally, he returned to Peiping (today's Beijing) with his wife and children. After returning to China, he not only devoted himself to theoretical research, but also traveled to 23 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country, using mathematics to solve a large number of practical problems in production, and was known as the "people's mathematician."

In addition, there are the famous geologist Li Siguang, biologist Tong Dizhou, nuclear physicist Qian Xuesen, high-energy physicist Zhang Wenyu, chemist Tang Aoqing... all of them are full of patriotic aspirations. , made great contributions to the country's rejuvenation.

2. The scientist has his homeland Pasteur

Pasteur was an outstanding French scientist in the 19th century and the founder of microbiology. He was famous for his invention of vaccination against infectious diseases. The law has made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of diseases for humans and livestock and poultry raised by humans. For excellence in science. As a result, he enjoyed a high reputation throughout Europe. The University of Bonn in Germany solemnly awarded an honorary degree certificate to this famous scholar. However, after the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Germany occupied French territory. Out of his deep feelings for his motherland and his great hatred for the invader Germany, Pasteur resolutely returned the honorary degree certificate to the University of Bonn. He said: "Although science has no national borders, scientists have their own motherland." These resounding words fully express the patriotic feelings of a scientist and have therefore become an immortal patriotic saying.

3. Qian Xuesen is loyal to the motherland

In 1949, the People’s Republic of China was founded. Qian Xuesen, who has been in the United States for nearly 20 years, was extremely excited. On the 6th day after the birth of New China, Qian Xuesen and his wife had a strong idea: to return to the lovely country of Dan and contribute their wisdom and strength to the newly born Republic of China. However, the road back to China was full of twists and turns and hardships, which Qian Xuesen had never expected. This scholar, who is "worth five divisions no matter where he goes," has already packed scientific books and his own research notes into boxes. When I handed it over to a U.S. moving company for shipment back to my country, I encountered difficulties from the U.S. Immigration Service. They intimidated this patriotic scholar in China in every possible way and put him in a detention center, where his personal freedom was extremely restricted. For five years, he almost lived under house arrest. But the many hardships did not dampen the strong will of Qian Xuesen and his wife to return to the motherland. They packed their boxes and were ready to take a flight back to the country at any time every day. In 1955, Qian Xuesen, who had suffered many hardships and was desperate to return home, issued a cry for help to his motherland. The Chinese government came forward to try to rescue him and return to the country through negotiations. Finally in September of this year, after more than five years of struggle, Qian Xuesen and his wife returned to the embrace of the motherland.

4. Boyle - Skeptical Chemist

Boyle Er attaches great importance to experimental research. He believed that only experiment and observation were the basis of scientific thinking. He always illustrated his views through rigorous and scientific experiments. In physics, he studied the color of light, vacuum and air elasticity, and summarized Boyle's gas law; in chemistry, he studied acids, bases and indicators, and qualitatively tested methods for salts. The discussions were quite fruitful. He was the first chemist to use the sap of various natural plants as indicators. He invented litmus solution and litmus paper. He was also the first chemist to clearly define acids and bases, and divided substances into three categories: acids, bases, and salts. He created many methods for qualitative testing of salts, such as testing copper salts by using the blue color of copper salt solution and adding ammonia solution to turn into dark blue (copper ions form copper ammonia complex ions with sufficient ammonia water); using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid Mixing silver solutions can produce white precipitates to test silver salts and hydrochloric acid. Boyle's inventions have such a long-lasting vitality that we still often use these oldest methods today. Boyle also did many experiments in the determination of material composition and purity, and the study of material similarities and differences. In "A Brief Review of the History of Experimental Research on Mineral Waters" published in 1685, he described a set of methods for identifying substances and became a pioneer of qualitative analysis.

In 1670, Boyle suffered a stroke due to fatigue. After that, his health fluctuated. When he was unable to conduct research in the laboratory, he devoted himself to organizing the knowledge he had gained from practice and reasoning over the years. Knowledge. As long as the body feels a little light, he will go to the laboratory to do his experiments or write papers and have fun with it. In 1680, he was elected president of the Royal Society, but he declined the honor. Although he was born into a noble family, his lifelong passion was working and living in scientific research. He never married and devoted his life to the exploration of natural sciences. On December 30, 1691, this scientist who laid the foundation for chemical science in the 17th century died in London. Engels once made the most noble evaluation of him: "Boyle established chemistry as a science."

5. Priestley - the father of gas chemistry

1774 Priestley put mercury soot (mercury oxide) in a glass dish and heated it with a condenser, and found that it quickly decomposed into gas. He originally thought that the gas released was air, so he used the gas collection method to collect the gas produced and conducted research. He found that the gas made the candle burn more vigorously, and he felt very relaxed and comfortable breathing it.

He produced oxygen and experimentally proved that oxygen has the properties of assisting combustion and respiration. But because he was a stubborn believer in phlogistonism and still believed that air was a single gas, he also called this gas "dephlogisticated air", whose properties were only different from the "air saturated with phlogiston" (nitrogen) discovered earlier. The difference lies in the content of phlogiston, so the combustion-supporting ability is different. In the same year, he visited Europe and exchanged many chemical views with Lavoisier in Paris. He also told Lavoisier about the experiment of using a condenser to decompose mercury ash, which benefited Lavoisier a lot. Lavoisier repeated Priestley's experiments on oxygen, connected them with a large number of accurate experimental materials, made scientific analysis and judgment, and revealed the true connection between combustion and air. However, until 1783, when Lavoisier's theory of combustion and oxidation was generally considered correct, Priestley still did not accept Lavoisier's explanation. He still insisted on the wrong phlogiston theory and wrote many articles against it. Lavoisier's insights. This is an interesting fact from the history of chemistry. A man who discovered oxygen became an opponent of the oxidation theory. However, Priestley's discovery of oxygen was an important factor in the subsequent flourishing of chemistry. Therefore, chemists from all over the world still respect Priestley.

In 1791, because he sympathized with the French Revolution, he gave several propaganda speeches for the revolution. However, he was persecuted by some people, his home was confiscated, and his books and experimental equipment were burned. He escaped alone and took refuge in London, but it was difficult to stay in London for long. In 1794, at the age of sixty-one, he had to emigrate to the United States. Continue to pursue scientific research in the United States. Died of illness in 1804. People in Britain and the United States respect him very much, and there is a full-length statue of him in Britain.

In the United States, the house where he lived has been built as a memorial, and the Priestley Medal named after him has become the highest honor in the American chemistry community