Batty's Di regime

From the Western Jin Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Shimizu Bianyang once established the Qiu Chi regime, Lin Wei Bianliang established the pre-Qin Dynasty, and Lv Si established the post-cool. The pre-Qin dynasty was a political power based on foreigners and foreigners, so it was also called the Qin dynasty. The ancestors of the Fu family lived in Wudu for the first time. At that time, people called it "Pujia" because they thought it was their surname. Cao Wei moved from Wudu to Lin Wei County, Lueyang County (now southeast of Qin 'an County, Gansu Province) and became a tribal marshal. In 3 10 (the fourth year of Jin Yongjia), Pu Hong was promoted to the clan leader, calling himself Taiwei of Lakeside, Qin Zhou secretariat and Lueyanggong. Liu Yao proclaimed himself emperor in Chang 'an, and took Hong as the general of Ningxi, leading the righteous Hou. He once moved to Gao Lu (now southwest of Gaoling County, Shaanxi Province) and became a border king. After the death of former Zhao, Hong retired to Longshan.

Pre-Qin territory

In 333 (eight years of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty), he fell to Shi Hu, the late Zhao Dynasty, and worshipped the champion general and Jingyang Bo. Later, he led 20,000 Diqiang people to Longdong and Fengyi County (now Dali County, Shaanxi Province), and advised Shi Hu to move the 65438+ Wan Haojie of Yongzhou and Diqiang people to Kanto, so as to make it a real capital and be adopted. Thanks to General Long Xiang and refugees as the commander-in-chief, he led 20,000 households to live in Fangtou (now Henan Province). In the spring of 350 (Yonghe six years), Fu Hong sent envoys to assist him. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Hong was the general of the Northern Expedition, the commander-in-chief of the Hebei Army, the secretariat of Jizhou and the magistrate of Guang Chuan. Ran Min killed Hu Jie and Guan Long, and the refugees went back to the west and passed by the house. Most of them belonged to him. Hongyong Zhong reached 65,438+10,000, claiming to be a general, Khan and the king of Sanqin, and changed his surname. Ma Qiu, a veteran of Shi Hu, was poisoned. Zijianjian followed closely. According to the situation of "popular support in Jin", in the process of Fang Tou's March into Guanzhong, Fu Jian was also a general of Shanxi Province, commander of Guanzhong Military Region and secretariat of Zhangzhou. After arriving in Guanzhong in the winter of, he sent envoys to the Jin Dynasty, and it was not until he proclaimed himself emperor and built a number that he officially broke off relations with the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Fu Jian entered Chang 'an, according to the dragon, "Qin is attached to Yong Yi Xia". In the spring of 35 1 year (the seventh year of Yonghe), Fujian was the king of heaven, Dadan ascended the throne, and the title of Daqin was changed to emperor. In the New Year, Jane was called the emperor, and he was awarded the title of son. On the one hand, Fujian established Jingzhou in Fengyang County (now southeast of Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province). "In order to attract exotic goods from the south to live in, wax with bows and poles, clear customs, and come from afar to do business, the country will use enough, and different bribes will accumulate." On the other hand, after defeating Huan Wen's Northern Expedition, Lili Hotel was set up in Pingshuomen, Chang 'an to attract people from afar. He also set up a platform in the north gate, making three chapters with the people, not caring about government affairs, paying special attention to the elderly and cultivating Confucianism. Historically, it is said that "the Kansai family has given enough to people", which is a great progress compared with the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty.

In 355 (the 11th year of Yonghe), Jane died and Zi Yu was born and succeeded to the throne. In 357 (the first year of Shengping), Fu Jian, the son of Xiong Jian, killed himself and stood on his own two feet. Known as the king of Daqin, it was changed to Yongxing. After stabilizing the throne, Wang Meng was reused and the north was gradually unified militarily; Politically, a series of measures have also been taken, that is, "to abolish one's post, inherit the peerless, worship the gods, teach agriculture and mulberry, set up schools, and give money to those who are lonely and helpless and cannot survive in their later years." His talents are extraordinary, and his filial piety, loyalty and virtue can be called, so he has heard about it. At the same time, Fu Jian adopted some ethnic policies to ease the complex ethnic contradictions in Guanzhong. When Jian Peijun was born, Guanzhong social production was restored, but the successor was born dissolute and cruel, which intensified various contradictions. After Fu Jian succeeded to the throne, he was faced with broken social economy, sharp and complicated ethnic contradictions and class contradictions. In order to consolidate his rule, he put forward the viewpoint of "consoling Li Yuan and accommodating his brother" and adopted a more enlightened and prudent policy. In dealing with the relationship with the Han nationality: first, the system of dividing Hu and Han nationalities was abolished, and even the dignitaries of the Di nationality were punished for breaking the law. Such as Shi Zhong, Zhong Shuling and Jing played by Wang Meng. Strict law enforcement, "for decades, more than 20 people were killed by nobles, so they shocked the world and held their breath, and the road was not picked up, and the wind and frost were also"; Second, trust the scholars of the Han nationality, strive for the support and cooperation of the landlords of the Han nationality, promote the transformation of the upper clan to the feudal bureaucracy, and the transformation of the lower Di nationality to the Qubing household; Thirdly, he claimed to be the inheritor of Han feudal political tradition and cultural tradition, actively promoted the way of "sage" to govern the country and vigorously promoted Han feudal culture. At that time, the Miao aristocrats were deeply influenced by Confucianism, and Fu Jian also "widely studied the teachers of the law, called students from counties and countries, and passed the above. "The following sons and daughters were sent to this industry." Furthermore, "Four prohibitions at home and abroad, two prohibitions on health, and four captains all ordered to learn." Similar to the harem, the imperial palace was established and the internal department was set up in order to hand it over to the court, select eunuchs and handmaids of insight, and appoint doctors to give it. "At the same time, economically, Fu Jian and others have also taken some measures to persuade agriculture and encourage production, such as implementing regional planting methods, opening up water sources for well diameters, chiseling mountains to open dikes, diverting water through canals, and irrigating fields with brine. Make "Guanlong smoke, folk music, from Chang 'an to the States, all trees and willows, a pavilion of twenty miles, a post of forty miles. Tourists gave the road, and industry and commerce sold it. "De and Korea are gradually integrating economically. When dealing with relations with other ethnic groups, Fu Jian started from the principle of "harmony between brothers and sisters" and implemented the policy of "taking what is lenient" to accommodate the upper classes of all ethnic groups. Basically, preferential treatment is given to the upper classes of all ethnic groups who voluntarily surrender or surrender after defeat. Such as destroy the former yan, Fu Jian "forgive Mr. Murong? And his ministers have gone down, "they all moved to Chang' an, and their knighthood was not good." There were 40,000 Xianbei people who migrated with them, which played a certain role in easing the relationship between Xianbei and other ethnic groups and the situation in Kanto, but it also left hidden dangers for the former Qin Dynasty.

In order to strengthen the control of all ethnic groups, on the one hand, Fu Jian immigrated to Guanzhong many times and lived next to each other. For example, in 37 1 year (the first year of Xian 'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty), Fu Jian moved 65,438+households to Guanzhong and lived in Fengyi, Beidi and Dingling Zhabin in Xin 'an and Mianchi. On the other hand, the Miao people were dispersed to various towns. In 380 (the fifth year of Taiyuan), Fu Jian "prospered each other, and in autumn and July, it was divided into 150,000 households in Sanyuan, Jiuzhang, Wudu, Shu and Yongdi, so that all ethnic groups were scattered in various towns, such as ancient princes". Migration is undoubtedly beneficial to the promotion of mixed ethnic groups, but it also leads to the situation that "Xianbei, Qiang and Jebu are all in Jidian, and the old ethnic groups reject foreign migration", which weakens Bentham's control over Guanzhong. Therefore, people lament that "people who migrate far away will stay in Xianbei. Once they are in a hurry, who will speak?"

The above policies in Fujian have played a certain role in easing social contradictions and resuming production. However, ethnic oppression and class oppression in the northern region are still very serious, and domestic uprising struggles continue. In the later period of his rule, he conquered many times, satisfied with arrogance, indulged in extravagance and lost people's hearts. It not only aroused great dissatisfaction of the Han nationality, but also made the defeated Xianbei and Qiang nationalities who moved to Guanzhong become the ruled class and full of hatred for the Di nationality.

In the early days of Fu Jian's administration, due to some measures to persuade agriculture and encourage production, the internal state of Qin tended to be relatively stable, which created favorable conditions for Fu Jian to unify the north. In 370 (the fifth year of Jin Taihe), Fu Jian was destroyed and Mr. Murong was captured? . The following year, the enemy pool was destroyed. Sent to attack the Xianbei people in west Gansu for help and defeat them. In 373 (the first year of Jinning Kang), Fu Jian was sent to take Liang and Yi in the eastern Jin Dynasty and Qiongdi and Yelang in the southwest.

In 376 (the first year of Taiyuan), Qin Jun attacked the ancient Tibet (now Wuwei City, Gansu Province), Tianxi Zhang fell, and more than 7,000 households were moved to Guanzhong, where they died before. In the same year, taking advantage of the decline of Xianbei Tuoba nationality, it invaded a generation.

In 382 (the seventh year of Taiyuan), Lv Guang was ordered to enter the Western Regions. Therefore, the jurisdiction is "the sea in the east, Qiuci in the west, Xiangyang in the south and desert in the north". Silla and Su Shen in the northeast, Dawan, Kangju and Yutian in the northwest, and 62 kings in the western regions all sent envoys to contact Qin and present gifts. Only the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which occupies the southeast corner, confronted it.

Fu Jian unified the north, relying on "a population of one million and a mountain of resources", trying to destroy the Eastern Jin Dynasty and "mixing one with six". Even under the imperial edict, Sima Yao, the filial piety emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was appointed as the left servant of Shangshu, Xie An as the official department's Shangshu, and Huan Chong as the assistant to "wait and wait" in Chang 'an. It can be seen that he is arrogant and underestimates his enemy.

In July 383 (the eighth year of Taiyuan), Fu Jian ordered an attack on the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and all public and private horses in its area were requisitioned, with 10 soldiers per/kloc-0 population. Choose a good family of 30 thousand people as the rest, and take Zhao Shengzhi, the main book, as the young commander in chief. In August, with Yang and Rong as the commander-in-chief, they ordered Yang and Rong to ride 250,000 first. Yao Chang, the secretariat of Yanzhou, was the general of Longxiang, supervising the military affairs of Liangzhou and leading Shu troops eastward. On the second day of September that year, Fu Jian set out from Chang 'an, which is known as "more than 600,000 soldiers and 270,000 riders, travelling thousands of miles back and forth, facing each other like one side". Established in Xiangcheng, Liangzhou soldiers began to reach Xianyang, and the army of Shu and Han went down the river. As for Longyou, Hebei, Wan Li and East and West, they are all land and water people.

landscape scenery

Enter. Ten thousand ships were transported from the river to Shimen and reached your camp. "This million-strong army boasted by Fu Jian as" wielding a whip to stop the river ",actually only 300,000 advance troops who arrived in Yingkou (now Yingshang County, Anhui Province) under the command of Fu Rong took part in the war. The Eastern Jin Dynasty took Xie Shi as the conquering governor and Xie Xuan as the pioneer governor, leading 65,438+10,000 people to fight.

In October of that year, the striker Fu Rong crossed the Huaihe River and captured Shouyang (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), that is, he sent envoys to tell Fu Jian that "thieves are easy to catch and dare not escape; Go there as soon as possible. " So Fu Jian left the army in Xiangcheng and led 8,000 men to Shouyang. In November, Xie Xuan led 8 jin j amphibious, and Fu Jian army at loggerheads at the water's edge. Xie Xuan sent a message to Rong Yun, saying, "Go deep into the army and fight for water. Is this a lasting plan? You want to fight? Wouldn't it be beautiful if you quit the division and let the soldiers handle it, and the courtiers and the monarch watch it slowly! " Fu Jian will cross the river with 8 jin j to annihilate. However, Fu's army retreated a little, and the system did not stop. Xie Xuan and others took the opportunity to cross the river, but the horse was killed. Zhu Xu, the general of the Jin army who surrendered to the state of Qin, shouted again after the battle: "The Qin army is defeated!" Qin Jun chaos, rout can't stop. Xie Xuan pushed the boat to Qing 'an (three miles west of Shouyang). "Chi defeat, many casualties, all wild plug sichuan. Monkey got wind of it and followed the nomads. They dare not rest day and night, sleeping in the grass and hungry with cold. There are seven or eight dead. " Fu Jian was captured by Liu Ya, rode back to Huaibei, cleaned up the beaten army, and gathered more than 65,438 people in Luoyang to return to Chang 'an. 8 jin j recovered Shouyang, and recovered Liang and Yizhou the following year.

After the Battle of Feishui, the leaders of all ethnic groups ruled by the former Qin Dynasty began to stand on their own feet, and the State of Qin declined.

In May, 385 (the tenth year of Taiyuan), Chang 'an was captured by Mu Rongchong in the west extension, and Fu Jian left for Wujiang Mountain (now the northeast of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). Xuan was captured by Yao Chang at the end of Qin Dynasty and hanged in Xinping (now Binxian County, Shaanxi Province) Buddhist Temple. In 394 (19th year of Taiyuan), Sun Deng, a strong family, was killed by Yao Xing of the late Qin Dynasty, and Zichong fled to Huang Zhong, the throne, seeking help from the Western Qin Dynasty and was sent back to be killed, and the former Qin Dynasty perished.

Hou Liang was built by Lu Guang, a hermit in Lueyang, with a world-famous personality. His predecessor was Mr. Hao Gui, and former Qin Taiwei was Mr. Lu Bulou. Once destroyed Qian Yan from Wang Meng, sealing the capital. Return to the position of infantry captain and worship General Xiaoqi. In 382 (the seventh year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty), Fu Jian "leveled Shandong, made Ma Zhuang, and then sought the western regions", appointed Lv Guang as the commander-in-chief of the western regions, discussed military affairs, and led generals Jiang Fei, Huang Peng and Du Jin. Conquer the Western Regions with 70,000 troops and 5,000 cavalry. In the first month of the following year, troops were sent to Chang 'an, looking for the direction of Xiu Mi Tuo, the king of Shanshan, and Mi Fei, the commander of the car division, to descend Yanqi and break Qiuci, and more than 30 countries from the western regions joined in one after another. Fu Jian was appointed as the military region, General Anxi and a captain of the Western Regions, west of the viceroy's Chaomen, because the road was blocked and the imperial edict was not reached.

After the Battle of Feishui, Chang 'an was in danger. The generals advised Lu Guangsu to return to China. In 385 (ten years in Taiyuan), he returned to the East with more than 200 camels carrying treasures and more than 10,000 horses, and surrendered to Han Yang, the former prefect of Gaochang in Qin Dynasty. The army arrived in Yumen, Liang and Liangzhou before Qin, and sent 50 thousand troops to Jiuquan. Everbright was defeated and took advantage of the situation to collect ancient treasures (now Wuwei City, Gansu Province), claiming to be the secretariat of Liangzhou and protecting the Qiang captain. The following year, when he heard of Fu Jian's death, he claimed to be the commander-in-chief of the Chinese and foreign governors, and was also the military commander, general, Liangzhou animal husbandry and Jiuquan Duke of Longyou Hexi. In 389 (fourteen years), it was also called the King of Sanjiang.

In 396 (twenty-one years), he established himself as the King of Daliang, and placed hundreds of officials in the department, known as Hou Liang in history. Lv Guang's criminal law in his later period was strict and strict, and he avoided killing the minister Du Jin, while his subordinates such as Ju Qumeng Xun and Duan Ye rebelled and stood on their own feet.

In 399 (the third year of Long 'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty), Lv Guang died and hundred schools of thought contended. In 403 (the third year of Yuan Xing), it was destroyed by Yao Xing at the end of Qin Dynasty. After the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guan Long was in chaos, and one of the barbarians, Yang Teng, a Qingshui resident of Lueyang (referring to Ju Yang), led his troops to Qiu Chi, which was the land of Hanwu County. Whenever the Central Plains dynasty declined or split, Yang led the frontier, Qiang and some Han people.