Panorama of China Electricity Price Power Plant!

What is the relationship between the on-grid electricity price of power generation enterprises and the sales electricity price of end users? The picture below is clear at a glance!

Image source: Ping An Securities

As can be seen from the above figure, the user's electricity price, that is, the user's sales price, consists of three parts:

1) On-grid price of power generation side (determined by power plant type)

2) Transmission and distribution costs (determined by the power grid)

3) Government funds and surcharges (determined by the government)

1. On-grid price of power generation side

On-grid electricity price of power generation enterprises, that is, the purchase cost of power sales enterprises on the power generation side; The cost of purchasing electricity from different types of power plants is different.

At present, the electricity price range of various power generation projects is roughly.

Figure: On-grid tariff of different types of power generation projects in China (unit: RMB/kWh)

Note: The electricity price of photovoltaic project in the above figure is the benchmark electricity price, and the winning electricity price after actual bidding ranges from 0.2427 yuan/kWh to 0.4493 yuan/kWh;

1, benchmark on-grid price of coal-fired power.

2065438+On September 26th, 2009, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China presided over the the State Council executive meeting. The meeting decided to cancel the coal-electricity price linkage mechanism from next year's 65438+ 10 1 and change the current benchmark on-grid electricity price mechanism into a market-oriented mechanism of "benchmark electricity price+floating". Benchmark price of coal and electricity in each province.

2. On-grid tariff of hydropower plants

There are three modes of hydropower on-grid tariff: 1) independent tariff based on "debt service tariff" or "operating period tariff", 2) benchmark tariff implemented in the province, and 3) negotiated tariff for trans-provincial and trans-regional transmission.

Image source: Ping An Securities

3. On-grid electricity price of nuclear power plants

Before the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) issued the Notice on Improving the On-grid Electricity Price Mechanism of Nuclear Power on June 13 (NDRC price [2013]130), the pricing policy of "one plant, one price" was adopted, and the pricing decision-making power was also in NDRC. 1 130 stipulates that:

Newly built nuclear power units implement the benchmark on-grid tariff policy, and the national benchmark on-grid tariff for nuclear power is 0.43 yuan/kWh;

In areas where the benchmark grid price of nuclear power is higher than that of coal-fired units where nuclear power units are located, the benchmark grid price of local coal-fired units shall be implemented.

For areas where the on-grid price of nuclear power is lower than that of coal-fired units where nuclear power units are located, and the first batch or the first batch of nuclear power units or demonstration projects that undertake the tasks of nuclear power technology introduction, independent innovation and localization of major special equipment, there is room to stipulate that the on-grid price can be appropriately increased on the basis of the national nuclear power benchmark price.

Image source: Ping An Securities

4. Benchmark feed-in tariffs for wind power and photovoltaic projects

Before 20 19, the benchmark electricity price policy was adopted for wind power and photovoltaic projects, and the benchmark electricity price decreased year by year; The electricity prices of projects connected to the grid at different times are different, specific;

From 20 19, the competitive electricity price policy under "guiding electricity price" will be implemented. Although the benchmark price of photovoltaic in 2020 is not 0.35~0.49 yuan/kWh, the actual bidding price range is 0.2427~0.4493 yuan/kWh.

5. On-grid electricity price of natural gas power plants

20 14 12 3 1 The National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice on Regulating the On-grid Electricity Price Management of Natural Gas Power Generation (Development and Reform Price [2014] No.3009), which implemented different on-grid electricity price policies for three different types of natural gas generating units.

1) Newly put into operation natural gas cogeneration generator set: implement benchmark electricity price policy;

2) The natural gas peak-shaving generator set is put into operation: on the basis of referring to the benchmark electricity price of natural gas cogeneration power generation, the reasonable difference between the two power generation costs is properly considered;

3) Newly-put-into-production natural gas distributed generator sets: In principle, the on-grid electricity price for power grid purchase refers to the on-grid electricity price for newly-put natural gas cogeneration.

4) The highest electricity price shall not be higher than the local benchmark electricity price of coal-fired power generation or the average electricity purchase price of local power grid enterprises of 0.35 yuan/kWh.

There are 12 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China that have formulated or adjusted their own on-grid tariff policies. Among them, in addition to Shanghai (from 20 12) and Zhejiang (from 20 15), Jiangsu and Henan also implemented two-part electricity price from 20 19.

Second, the transmission and distribution costs.

At present, China has approved the transmission and distribution prices of provincial power grids (except Tibet) and provinces, as shown in the following table.

Table 1:3 1 Verification of provincial transmission and distribution prices

(Source: State Grid, enjoy energy collection)

Continued table 1: 3 1 Verification of transmission and distribution prices in various provinces and regions

(Source: State Grid, enjoy energy collection)

The line loss rate varies from province to province.

The highest line loss standard is in Henan Province, and the lowest standard is in Ningxia, and the most comprehensive line loss rate is between 4% and 5%. The standard calculation of comprehensive line loss rate basically meets the requirements of provincial power grid transmission and distribution price pricing method.

Table 2:3 1 comprehensive line loss rate of provinces

(Source: State Grid, enjoy energy collection)

In April this year, the state issued a policy to reduce the inter-provincial and inter-regional special transmission prices, and the inter-provincial and inter-regional prices dropped by an average of 3.55%/ kWh, a decrease of about 6.9%.

Table 4: Inter-provincial and Inter-regional Special Transmission Price

Unit: Yuan/kWh, per kilowatt per year (line loss rate)

(Source: State Grid, enjoy energy collection)

Three, government funds and additional

Government funds include: rural network repayment fund, major water conservancy project fund, large reservoir resettlement fund and renewable energy surcharge. These include:

Renewable energy surcharge 1.9 cents/kwh;

Additional funds in other electricity prices are shown in the table below.

Image source: Ping An Securities

Fourth, the selling price of the client.

The sales price of different users varies greatly. Industrial and commercial electricity price, large industrial electricity price and residential electricity price are all power grid sales electricity prices. The national average is as follows.

1, industrial and commercial electricity price

Note: 1) The electricity price in Inner Mongolia is the average of East and Simon; 2) Hebei electricity price takes the average value of northern and southern Hebei; 3) Xinjiang takes data from Urumqi.

2. Large industrial electricity price-10 kV voltage level

Note: 1) The electricity price in Inner Mongolia is the average of East and Simon; 2) Hebei electricity price takes the average value of northern and southern Hebei; 3) Xinjiang takes data from Urumqi.

3. Residential electricity price

V. Main types of power plants in China

According to the national generator manual, the data is up to the end of 20 18, and the relevant statistics are for reference only. Please read it yourself. Author: Huang Zhong

Top Ten Photovoltaic Power Plants in the World

No.6 Kanur Solar Power Station

Kanur solar power station is located in Gani and Sakunara villages in Kanur area of Andhra Pradesh, with an area of 24 square kilometers and a capacity of 1 000 MW. Bidding started in April of 20 15, and power generation started in July of 20 17. The total cost is 5.94 billion RMB. In order to solve the problem of water shortage, all the water demand in the park (including water and water supply for cleaning solar panels) can be met by the reservoir built to collect rainwater.

NoorAbuDhabi Solar Power Station No.5

NoorAbuDhabi solar power generation project is located in the east of Abu Dhabi Emirates, covering an area of 780 hectares. The site is located about 120km east of Abu Dhabi, with a total capacity of 1 177mw. The project started construction in May, 20 17 and started commercial operation in April, 20 19. NoorAbuDhabi Power Station costs 6.23 billion RMB, and 3.2 million panels can provide enough power for 90,000 people, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 6,543.8+0,000 metric tons (984,206 British tons).

No.4 benben solar power station

Our solar power station is located in our area in Aswan province, Egypt, which is a desert, about 650 kilometers south of Cairo and 40 kilometers northwest of Aswan. This kind of photovoltaic power station, with a total capacity of 1650 MW, is the first large-scale photovoltaic power station in China and the fourth largest solar power station in the world at present. The power station started in February, 20 18 and was completed in February, 2019 10. The power station covers an area of 37.2 square kilometers and costs $4 billion.

Ningxia tengger third solar power station

Ningxia Tengger Solar Power Station is located in Tengger Desert, Ningxia, covering an area of 43 square kilometers. The capacity of Tengger solar power station is 1547 MW.

Pawagada Second Solar Power Station

Pawagda solar power station is located in Pawagda area, Karnataka, India. Pavagada solar power station covers an area of 53 square kilometers. Completed in 20 19, with a cost of 2 1 100 million USD and an installed capacity of 2050 MW. It is the second largest photovoltaic power station in the world after badra Solar Park with 2245 MW.

1 Bhadla solar power station

Badra solar power station is located in badra area, Jodhpur County, Rajasthan, which is windy and dry. The average temperature in badra hovers between 46 and 48 degrees Celsius, with frequent hot winds and sandstorms. Badra solar power station is the largest solar power station in the world, covering an area of 40 square kilometers, with a total rated capacity of 2,245 MW. The power station was completed in March 2065438+2009.