When did the Song family originate?

The origin of the surname

The first branch gives birth to the surname Zi. In the late Shang Dynasty, Shang King Wu Ding granted his son Song Yu the Song Dynasty. The fiefdom was located in the north of Zhao County, Hebei Province, and was a count country. King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty and also destroyed the Song Dynasty with the same surname as the King of Shang. During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou, after Zhou Gongdan put down the rebellion of Yinhou Wu Geng and Sanjian, he granted the land of the ancient Song Dynasty to Weizi Qi's Sun Ji, who was the Duke of Song to worship Shang. Wei Ziqi was the eldest son of Emperor Yi and the brother of King Zhou of Shang Dynasty. He played a great role in pacifying the rebellion of Yinhou Wu Geng and the three supervisors. After Ding Gongshen, the son of Song Gongji, succeeded to the throne, the Song Dynasty moved south to Shangqiu, the hometown of Shangtang, that is, Shangqiu, Henan. During the reign of Duke Xianggong of the Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty had become the leader of the world's princes and one of the five hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. By the time of Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty declined and moved east to Pengcheng, which is now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. By 286 BC, the Qi State destroyed the Song Dynasty, and their descendants took the country as their surname. Counting from the time when King Wu Ding of the Shang Dynasty granted the Song Dynasty, the origin of the surname Song is at least 3,200 years old, and the Song surname has been commonly used for nearly 2,300 years after the fall of the country.

The second branch originates from foreign surnames. The bloodline of the Song surname has always been relatively simple, and it was not until the Five Dynasties that foreign genes began to flow in. That is, the Song surname of the Chenzhou barbarian chieftain in the Yuanling area of ????western Hunan during the Five Dynasties, and the Song surname of the Dangxiang tribe of the northwest Xixia Kingdom in the Northern Song Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, all the Songjia clan in the Eight Banners of Manchuria later changed their surname to Song. The three clans that made up the Song surname all came from ethnic minorities. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, foreign ethnic groups have continued to join and assimilate, and the Song family has grown in size.

Weizi Tomb: on Fenghuang Terrace in the west of Weishan Island, 10 meters high and about 8 meters wide. There are four stone tablets in front of the tomb. Although they have been eroded by wind and rain and the moss is green, the inscriptions on the tablets are still vaguely legible. Among them, the main monument is the "Yin Weizi Tomb" erected by the Prime Minister Kuang Heng of the Han Dynasty. The four characters are in the seal script of Nanchang Weimeifu. The four characters "Ren Shen Ji Bi" on the forehead of the stele were inscribed by the attendant Ban Bo.

2. Migration and Distribution

During the Shang, Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States for more than a thousand years, the Song family has been active in northern areas such as Hebei, Henan, and Shandong. During the Han, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Song surname had spread in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and other places. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Song family had expanded to Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian and other places, and was especially popular in Shaanxi. Entered Taiwan Province in the early Qing Dynasty. During the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD), there were approximately 880,000 people with the Song surname, accounting for approximately 1.1% of the country's population, ranking 16th. Shaanxi is the largest province with Song surnames, accounting for approximately 19.4% of the total population with Song surnames in the country and 4% of the total population in Shaanxi. The distribution in the country is mainly concentrated in Shaanxi, Hebei, Sichuan, and Henan. The Song surname in these four provinces accounts for 67% of the total population of Song surname. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanxi, Zhejiang, and Shandong, and the Song surname in these three provinces accounts for another 16%. The country has formed two population gathering areas with the Song surname in Qinchuan and Hebei and Henan. The Song surname mainly lives in the northern region. During the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD), there were about 540,000 people with the surname Song, accounting for about 0.57 of the country's population. It was the 37th surname in the Ming Dynasty. During the Song, Yuan and Ming 600 years, the net population growth rate of the country was 20, and the population growth of the Song surname was negative. The population of the Song surname had a net decrease of 330,000 in 600 years, making it the surname with the largest population decrease among common surnames in China. In the face of wars and massacres, the first group of victims should be those mainly in the north. The Song surname is a surname in the north, so naturally they suffered the heaviest losses. Shandong is the largest province with Song surnames, accounting for approximately 17.1% of the total population with Song surnames. The distribution in the country is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Jiangxi (15.3), and Zhejiang (13.5). The Song surname in these three provinces accounts for about 46% of the total population of Song surname. Secondly, it is distributed in Shanxi, Jiangsu, and Hebei. The Song surname in these three provinces There are 25 more people named Song. During the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties over 600 years ago, the overall distribution pattern of Song surnames changed greatly. Its population mainly migrates from north to east, southeast and south. The Southern Song surname has made great progress in these 600 years. The whole country has re-formed two large areas with population of Song surname: Shandong and Hebei, and Jiangxi, Zhejiang, northern and southern Jiangsu. The contemporary population with the surname Song has reached 9.72 million, making it the 22nd most common surname in the country, accounting for approximately 0.81 of the country's population. In the past 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population with the Song surname has surged from 540,000 to nearly 9.72 million, nearly 18 times as many. The average population of the Ming Dynasty was close to 93 million. The current population is 1.2 billion, a 13-fold increase. The growth rate of the population with the surname Song is higher than the growth rate of the national population. The growth rate of the population with the surname Song in the past 1,000 years has been in a "V" shape. The distribution in the country is mainly concentrated in the four provinces of Shandong, Sichuan, Henan, and Hebei, accounting for about 44% of the total population with the Song surname; secondly, it is distributed in Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Hubei, with a further 24% concentrated in these four provinces. Shandong is home to 15% of the total population with the surname Song, making it the largest province with the surname Song, accounting for 1.6% of the total population of the province. The country has formed three areas with a high proportion of Song surnames: Shandong, Hebei and Henan, Sichuan and Heilongjiang. In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of population flow with the Song surname have been very different from those during the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties. In particular, the return migration from the east to central and northern China has been greater than the migration from north to south and east. At the same time, Migration to the southwest and northeast has become an important flow direction. The distribution frequency of the contemporary Song surname. The areas with the highest population density per unit area of ??the Song surname are in eastern Shandong, northern Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, Dalian, Liaoning, and Chengdu, Sichuan. The population of Song per square kilometer reaches more than 3.3 people. In some areas Up to 7 people or more.

The schematic diagram of the distribution density of the Song surname (see color figure 5.2.4A) shows that the area with the highest density (more than 3.3 people/square kilometer) accounts for 4.9% of the land area, and the population of the Song surname is about 2.14 million; 2.2- The area with 3.3 people/square kilometer accounts for 9.8% of the land area, and the population of Song surname is about 2.49 million; the area with 1.1-2.2 people/square kilometer accounts for 24.3% of the land area, and the population of Song surname is about 356 Ten thousand; areas with 0.1 to 1.1 people/square kilometer account for 40% of the land area, and the population of Song surname is about 1.46 million; areas with less than 0.1 people/square kilometer account for 21% of the land area, and the population of Song surname is about 70,000 . The Song surname is widely distributed, but unevenly. The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of the surname Song among the population (see color figure 5.2.4B) shows that the surname Song is one of the more common surnames in North China, Sichuan and Northeast China. The Song surname generally accounts for the highest proportion of the local population in eastern Shandong, Heilongjiang, and northeastern Jilin, with more than 1.4, and some reaching more than 2.5, and its coverage area accounts for about 5.6 of the country's total area; in eastern Shandong , Shanxi, Hebei and Henan, most of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, most of Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei, Liaoning, western Jilin, central and eastern Inner Mongolia, the frequency of Song surname is 0.7 to 1.4, and its coverage area accounts for about 10% of the total area of ??the country. 28; In Yunnan, northern Guizhou, eastern Sichuan, northern Hunan, southern Hubei, Jiangxi, northwestern Fujian, most of Zhejiang, southeastern Taiwan, and eastern Qinghai, the frequency of the Song surname ranges from 0.35 to 0.7, covering an area of ??approximately It accounts for 19.4% of the total area of ??the country; the frequency of the Song surname in other areas is less than 0.35, and its coverage area accounts for about 47% of the total area of ??the country, of which 28% are areas with a frequency of less than 0.1. Blood type distribution characteristics. The overall blood type distribution of people with the surname Song is: type O 3.05 million, accounting for 31.3; type A 2.76 million, accounting for 28.4; type B 2.97 million, accounting for 30.6; type AB 940,000, accounting for 9 ．7. The total population of people with the surname Song is 9.72 million. Shandong, northern Jiangsu, northern Anhui, southeastern Hebei, Chengdu area of ??Sichuan, Heilongjiang, most of Liaoning, and Jilin are common areas with the Song surname, accounting for about 14.7% of the land area. There are 4.63 million people with the Song surname, accounting for about 10% of the country's population with the Song surname. 47.6. Type O is 1.42 million, type A is 1.3 million, type B is 1.44 million, and type AB is 470,000. Most of North China, other areas of Sichuan, northern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui, and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region account for approximately 24.3% of the land area. There are 3.56 million people with the Song surname, accounting for approximately 36.6% of the total population with the Song surname. Type O is 1.12 million, type A is 1.02 million, type B is 1.09 million, and type AB is 330,000. Other areas are areas with a small distribution of Song surnames, accounting for about 61% of the land area. There are 1.53 million Song surnames, accounting for about 15.8% of the total population of Song surnames. Type O is 510,000, Type A is 440,000, Type B is 440,000, and Type AB is 140,000.

3. Junwangtang No.

Tang No. The main hall names of the Song family are "Yudetang". During the Song Dynasty, Song Qi and his younger brother Song Chu were awarded Jinshi together. Qi of the Song Dynasty ranked first in the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and became the Minister of the Ministry of War. He wrote "Jade House Spring Poems", which has the famous line "The red apricot branches are full of spring", and people called him "the Minister of Hongxing". It is known as the "Second Song Dynasty", "Da Song Dynasty" and "Little Song Dynasty".

Counties

The main counties with the Song surname include Jingzhao County, Xihe County, Guangping County, Dunhuang County, Henan County, Hongnong County, Fufeng County, Laoling County, Jiangxia County County etc. Among them, Xihe, Guangping, Dunhuang, Henan and Fufeng were the five major counties of the Song Dynasty in ancient times.

Jingzhao County: Jingzhao County was established in the first year of Taichu by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, with jurisdiction over twelve counties. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei established a county and its administrative seat was Chang'an (today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). It is approximately north of today's Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, east of Xi'an City, and south of the Wei River. This branch of the Song family is where the clan of Song Hong, a servant of the Later Han Dynasty, is located.

4. Family Genealogy

5. Historical Celebrities

During the Warring States Period, there was Song Yu, a poet in Chu State and the author of "Nine Bian".

In the Qin Dynasty, there was Song Wuji, a Yan native, who once made immortal prescriptions for Qin Shihuang. Later, there was Song Yi, who was the general of King Huai of Chu. During the Western Han Dynasty, Song Chang, the son of Song Yi, served as lieutenant. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were Song Hong from Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi), Song Du from Yuzhang (now Nanchang, Jiangxi), and Song Zhong from Nanyang Zhangling (now south of Zaoyang County, North Hebei).

In the Jin Dynasty, there were Song Yi from Qingzhou (now north of Linzi Town, northeast of Zibo, Shandong), Song Ju from Dunhuang (now part of Gansu), and Song Chuzong from Peiguo.

During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Song Chang’s 13th grandson Song Gong served as the prefect of Henan in the former Yan Dynasty and moved to Guangping (southeast of today’s Jize County, Hebei); there was also Song Guangzhi, a native of Qiantang in the Southern Qi Dynasty (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). .

In addition to the above-mentioned people, there are many people with Song surnames. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Song Yun, a native of Dunhuang, went to the Western Regions with Huisheng. In the Tang Dynasty, there were the poet Song Zhiwen; the politician Song Jing, who served as prime minister twice in the Ruizong and Xuanzong dynasties. He was able to eliminate previous shortcomings, select talents, and make all officials competent; and Song Shenxi, the prime minister during the Tang Wenzong period. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was Song Qi, a writer and historian, and his brother Song Xiang was also a writer. They both had literary names and were called the "Second Song Dynasty" at that time; there was also Song Minqiu, a writer and historian and geologist. Song Jiang, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was Song Ci, who served as a prison officer in Guangdong, Hunan and other places. He focused on on-the-spot examination of cases. The "Resolution of Wrongs" compiled by him is the world's earliest forensic medicine monograph and made a significant contribution to the development of forensic medicine. In the Ming Dynasty, there were literary historian Song Lian, calligrapher Song Ke, scientist Song Yingxing, writer and bibliophile Song Maocheng, and Li Zicheng's military advisor Song Xiance. The book "Tiangong Kaiwu" written by Song Yingxing is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese science and technology. In the Qing Dynasty, there were poets Song Wan and Song Xiang, and Confucian scholar Song Xiangfeng.

In modern times, there are democratic revolutionaries Song Jiaoren and Song Renqiong, dramatist Song Chunfang, Kuomintang chaebol Song Ziwen, and honorary chairman of the People's Republic of China Song Qingling.