Phonetic interpretation of words. . . . Key words of Unit 1, Volume 2, Grade 7, Hubei Education Edition

"Host" evolved from the origin of "host country". During the Spring and Autumn Period, when Zheng was besieged, Zheng sent Zhu family to persuade him to step down. Zhu Dui said, "Qin is immortal, and it will do you no harm to supply Zheng He to the western seas because of lack of materials. Zheng He is the Lord of the East Road and the envoy of Qin State. Qin listened to his advice and retired. It is called the owner of the oriental footprint. Later, "host" has become a fixed title, referring to the ranking stopped by employers or food and wine dinners, and the significance of its own positioning no longer exists.

The "host" is the country that receives state guests, is the host of other countries, or holds international activities in the country where the team stays.

2 "Sloppy" origin

Everyone likes to use "sloppy" to describe someone's hasty or careless behavior. Everyone knows the original story of blood and tears behind this sentence.

The paintings of a painter in the Song Dynasty are often random and not sure what they are. He painted. Once, he only painted his horse, so after the tiger head became a tiger head, he easily drew the horse's body. When asked to draw a horse or a tiger, he replied, "So so!" " "He hung the picture in the hall. The eldest son saw it and asked him what it was. He said it was a tiger. Her son once asked him, and he said it was a horse.

Not long ago, the eldest son went out hunting, and the men were tigers, and the artists lost money. His son came out to fight the tiger, but thought the horse was going to ride. As a result, the tiger gave birth to the tiger and died. The painter was very sad that his painting was burned, so he wrote a poem and blamed himself: "An unintentional painting, an unintentional painting, like a horse, was also regarded as a tiger. You can feed the unintentional map to the tiger shed according to the plan adopted by the second son of the eldest son Ma. I suggest you don't learn from me. "

Poetry is not a good poem, but it teaches too much. Since then, it has spread carelessly.

3。 The Origin of "Overseas Junzi"

"Overseas, it has now become a good name for China compatriots and overseas Chinese. This word comes from

"Pure", this refers to the baby. "If Paul's newborn baby, except those in Kangyi, is born red, so if it is pure. "Mencius Lou: an adult, without losing the purity of childlike innocence, has also touched people. It was first seen in Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty, and later passed through Your Majesty. It was so pure that it robbed your majesty's soldiers in Huangchi. "

In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong successfully candidate for archery competition. The ministers advised: "Zhang Gong relied on the front of the temple, so close to your majesty that arrogant and ignorant believers secretly launched it, but you didn't remind him, which could greatly hurt the country!" The emperor said, "Wang, all the people in the world are within the sealed domain. I confide in my heart, and the people in the old guard are almost enough! " "Then, they will infer from the sentence" freedom and purity "."Overseas purity "evolved from the transformed home and purity. Later, people used the phrase "overseas sons go to overseas China" to express their love and sincere desire for the motherland.

4。 The meaning and origin of

Students know that they are from China and China. In ancient times, people said "Made in China" instead of "Made in China".

In ancient times, "China" was synonymous with "central city" or "central country". In Chinese literary works, the word "China" has six meanings:

The capital refers to the emperor.

(2) refers to the kingdom ruled directly by the emperor. Because the emperor ruled the kingdom directly, it was generally in the middle of the vassal states, the so-called "China". Any area directly ruled by an emperor is called "China".

(3) refers to the Central Plains.

(4) refers to the mainland and mainland. The Qing Dynasty called the mainland "China". place

5] refers to families living in Zhu Xia. Zhu Xia is not only a Han family in China, but also a member of many ethnic minority families. This area is called "China".

[6], refers to the family of Zhu Xia or the country established by the Han nationality. Since the Han Dynasty, it is usually called "Han" founded by China in the Central Plains.

The scope of history, in addition to dynasties, should also include the systems and tribes established by various ethnic groups. /kloc-Since the 20th century, "China" refers to the territory of the whole country, different ancient times.

The origin of the word "China" can be traced back to the earliest time, a dynasty-Shang Dynasty. As the capital of the country, the Shang Dynasty is located in the east, south, west and north, and is called the land of "China". Moreover, living in the Central Kingdom, it is also a political and economic center.

In ancient times, China "did not appear as a formal country name, because when a dynasty or regime, only the name of the country, no country has a name. They said, "China" refers to the concepts of geography and culture.

The country referred to by the official name "Made in China" is a very famous modern revolution-after the Revolution of 1911, the establishment of the Republic of China began. Since then, "Made in China" has become an official name with national significance. Today, "Made in China" is the full name of China, and it is a country composed of people of all ethnic groups and China people.

5。 The word "revealing the clues" can be traced back to.

In our daily life, when things that we don't want others to know, especially self-defeating things, are exposed, people will say that they have exposed clues. What is "truth"? "It's true", at the foot of the horse. Allusions here. & ltBR/ According to legend, the emperor who was born in a commoner was brought to a poor family. Once, a cowherd became a monk, and he chose his life partner. So he married a horse girl from a civilian background, which is taboo. At that time, the emperor was still studying the auxiliary activities of horses, and she was named the queen of the Ming Dynasty.

"Longjing" is more important than living in a harem. Ma Shi is a big foot deeply troubled. He never dares to stick out his feet and skirt in front of others. The horse suddenly shuttled through the streets of Nanjing in a cart. Some bold looks happened quietly in the two car curtains, and two big feet in the corner were placed on the pedals. So, a group of ten, a hundred, suddenly feel Jinling. Since then, the word "truth" has been handed down to future generations.

6。 Sleeping lion "

18 14, the powerful French emperor Napoleon I was defeated by allied forces in Europe and made a comeback. It was held in 18 15 to attack 300,000 allied forces in Europe. As a result, Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo. On June 22, Napoleon was forced to abdicate, and soon the British army was escorted to the distant Atlantic island of St. Helena for imprisonment. In his third year in prison, Amherst, head of the British trade delegation, came back from China sadly. On his way home, he passed by St. Helena. When I heard the pleasure of amherst's imprisonment of Napoleon I, I really wanted to meet him. I heard the opinion of the legendary China.

When they met, "Amherst talked about his experience in China and knocked on the door of China, only through war. At first, you were full of contempt for Napoleon's British practices. He said, "it is the biggest stupid thing in the world to fight against this huge and rich resource empire." He went over and said, "It may be successful for Britain to formulate a war review to solve the problem. You will win their ships and destroy their military and commercial facilities, but you will also let them know their own strength. They will think, they will build ships equipped with guns, and they will bring gunners from France, America and even London to build a fleet to defeat you. Amherst retorted: "China is a giant, behind the mud feet on the surface, very weak." . "But Napoleon thought China was too weak. He is just a sleeping lion. " Today, the lion seems to be asleep. He can't even fly neatly. He may not dare to land on his face. Napoleon went on to say, "Once China awakens, the world will be shaken." This sentence came from Napoleon's mouth and led to a very sensational effect.

6。 The origin of "150"

In Guanzhong rural areas, people's foolish irony refers to 150 people. 105' is a number. How can I describe it? Its origin is described as follows: 1. It originated from the gambling Pai Jiu, and the two cards of Pai Jiu are "two boards" (four points) and "five (six points). These two graphics cards are equipped with 10, which is called "death cross" when playing at 9 o'clock. 10 The death of nine out of ten is the lowest point. What kind of cards can be managed? Therefore, the second board and the fifth board are called "second boards" to describe those who are reckless, stupid and do things without considering the consequences. " The second one comes from an old story. During the Warring States Period, India perished in six countries. Su, the king of Qi, vowed revenge, but couldn't catch up with another murderer, so they went to a bar to recruit soldiers: put up a house number, Su was a traitor, and he was rewarded with 2000 yuan for killing him for his country. The Good News Post claimed that four people had been killed. King Su Qi said with a smile, "One thousand two hundred gold was killed by a swindler. You can't impersonate you! " Four people did it. King Qi said, "1200 gold, how much is it for each of the four people?" Four voices said, "250. Wang Qi was furious and shouted, "These four' 250' s started beheading! "One hundred and fifty" comes from this.

7。 The origin of "rare confusion"

Zheng Banqiao's "Rare Puzzlement", the fun and lasting attraction of writing words, is a strange word, and Zheng Banqiao's real cursive seal script is dissolved in the original.

As for the word "rarely confused", it is said that there are some interesting origins.

This year, Zheng Banqiao went to Yunfeng Mountain in Laizhou, Shandong Province, and spent the night observing the foot of Gong Zheng's monument on an ancient Confucius Temple Mountain. The old Confucian claimed to be a confused old man, and the two of them talked extraordinary. Their conversation is very speculative. Old Wang Man grindstone, exquisite stone and exquisite carving have been appreciated by Zheng Banqiao. Please ask Zheng Banqiao to leave the old man's calligraphy and engrave it on the back of the inkstone. In order to please people, Zheng Banqiao was puzzled about the origin of old age. They wrote the word "rare confusion" on the elevator Qianlong Jinshi before Yongzheng Kangxi Zhang Xiu, and stamped their names. The size of the inkstone square table is very large. I am empty. Zheng Banqiao carved some inscriptions for the old man. The old man didn't add them to the refused hand and said, "It's beautiful. This stone is too hard. Beautiful stones are more difficult to become stubborn stones. The stubbornness of the United States is outside, and savage huts will not participate in the door of wealth. " The strike paper also covers one-sided printing, and the printed words are: "The institute tested and won the second and third place in the palace exam." Zheng Banqiao saw and knew the elegant atmosphere of retired officials, and suddenly respected them. Seeing a gap, Mo Shi picked up a pen and filled in a paragraph in turn: "Smart is difficult and confused, especially hard work and smart are more difficult to turn into confusion. Let go, take 10,000 steps back, and feel at ease in an instant. "

After this passage is passed, people's emotions, which are full of philosophy, will be written as cross-linked and "confusing" and will be spread more widely.

8。 Long live ","Long live the origin "

Shouting "Long live the Minister". We often see the praise of the emperor on TV. In fact, "Long live" is for the emperor. "Long live" is simply the joy of cheering and the language of celebration in people's hearts a long time ago. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, his ministers often shouted "Long live" before the monarch appeared, but the word was still called "Long live" without the emperor's exclusive title. Both Emperor Wu and Emperor Wu hoped for "Long live", but the folk experience was worth celebrating and people still called it "Long live". In the Song Dynasty, the emperor really allowed others to say "Long live".

The origin of "Long live" comes from a story. According to legend, when Wu Zetian became emperor, she especially liked to flatter her with others to improve her status as "unreasonable", but she was outspoken. One day, her throne room held a meeting of all scholars in imperial academy, and the meeting gave the correct answer. She blurted out the title:

Jade girl, knock on the river. Bang, bang, bang! A pair of bangs! Baba, bang! about

Dozens of fluent sentences, Wu Zetian is not satisfied with the intuition of disappointment. At this time, a little accustomed to flattery bachelor saw her busy and said to Xin Xian:

Cheers from the throne room, long live! Hooray! Hooray!

Wu Zetian was elated and praised it as a masterpiece. Since then, the word "Long live" has spread throughout the ruling party and the opposition party.

9。 The Origin of Doctor, Master and Bachelor Degree

The names "doctor, master and bachelor" have existed since ancient times, but they are not exactly the same, and their influence is now.

During the Warring States period, the doctor was an official and a learned man. The word master, first seen in the Five Dynasties, usually refers to those noble and knowledgeable people whose part is goods. Ba first appeared in the Zhou Dynasty, initially referring to a person who studied at school and later gradually became a writer and scholar. 10。 The Origin of Regular (Phonetic) Month

We used to call 65438+ October "National Celebration", because in ancient times, June was the first month of the year, and each dynasty was different. The first month of Xia Dynasty was 65438+February, and the first month of Shang Dynasty was 165438+ 10. Every correct monthly order in these dynasties called the corrected January "the first month". In addition, most ancient emperors accepted the pilgrimage month of civil and military officials, and they changed 65438+ 10 to "celebrate the world" to express their solemn rule.

In the Qin Dynasty, the first month of Qin Shihuang's birth was named Ying Zheng. In order to avoid him, it is called Zheng (symbol).

1 1。 What is the origin of the word "fiction"

A drug addict in Song Dynasty, he is a scholar who likes to write poems, but the rhythm of his poems is different from that of the unruly people who say his poems, and the words are different. It is neither fish nor fowl. Therefore, every decent poem that people see or are illogical blurts out: "This is written by a poisonous demon." Later, this sentence was gradually simplified to "fabrication". Similarly, the extension is not true, and there is no basis for concocting the average.

12。 If something happens, the origin BR/> If something happens, the coffin is made up of six wooden covers and the bottom of the coffin, which is usually called heaven and earth. The two tails around it are called the sun and the moon, and the four outstanding talents are called the financial prize, so one * * * has four long and two short, but it dies after covering the lid, so just say "something" and the other one dies.

13。 It's interesting to say: the origin of "born in sorrow, bullied by dogs"

Ni peisen

In the early Song Dynasty, he was born upright and fair, and was dismissed from office by the court, offending powerful people and being framed. After that, he returned to his hometown to meet the local judge Hu, a subordinate of the judge, who handled many of his accusations. They mocked him on purpose. They held a dinner party, and in memory of their old boss, they invited two local workers to accompany them to write poems.

Three rounds, a poem suggesting the owner's identity, started writing poems for the first time:

One xi is Xi, add water and read the stream; Delete running water. Birds have wings like tigers, and the phoenix becomes a chicken ("chicken" is the traditional "chicken"). Wingless chicken. "

4. The rising phrase "different postures, different free radicals," flow "and" chicken ",the last two lines are intended to ridicule the wingless tiger and phoenix of the central magistrate, but they are not as good as birds and chickens.

The magistrate knew that the other party was laughing at him, but he was helpless and had to play dumb and suffer in his heart. Seeing the perfect ridiculous embarrassment of accompanying guests, it is inevitable to have sympathy and help him out, and then Xian said:

"simplex afterburner or reaction; Delete the side force of the power supply, fill in the metal red for a thousand days, and change the radical font "reaction" and "red" without the word "I" for a hundred days. This article advises and inspires Judge Hu to understand that the enemy should reconcile rather than knot, and be lenient with others.

Hearing this, escort B thought the dog was meddling and didn't do anything. Why bother? Then quickly poetry:

"Read single-phase, add water, and also read items, except for rain and water in Hunan. Take care of everyone and don't take care of others. "

Hearing this, the magistrate made it more meaningful for them to join chorus B:

"It is frustrating to lament the indifference of the world. Jia also read the edge of chess amputation, which aggravated the bullying of students. Longyou shallow water shrimp play, the tiger falls to Pingyang alone. " The last two points in his mind are dissatisfaction and unfairness. Not only is the language easy to understand, but the philosophical connotation is vivid and profound. Since then, it has become a famous proverb, which has been passed down to this day.

From Rough Teachers' Architecture Source: Prose Collection was published in 2006. 10.

14. The root of misfortune

"Unique history" lintel and "unlucky" are terms that seem too long. According to textual research, this word appeared in the late Ming Dynasty. As the Ming Dynasty inherited the imperial examination system from Sui and Tang Dynasties, the empire became the only chance for scholars to succeed. Competition among departments in this field is becoming more and more fierce. Although the invigilation system in the Ming Dynasty was improved, it inevitably intensified the cheating trend. For ordinary readers who want a trophy for scientific exploration, it doesn't seem easy. Before praying for Geely's invigilator, candidates' families often put the flagpole in front of them to show that their flagpole is "over the beam" when calling the number, so as to cheer for the candidates.

According to the usual practice, when the list of students is announced in front of the flagpole, the original family can take the vertical as the standard, which is correct. If the family of the unsuccessful candidate often goes back to his flagpole to put it down and delete it, it is called "bad luck". Later, more and more people said and wrote this word. Up to now, in the process of using the word "unlucky", it is often two words. Of course, I don't know its origin.

The excerpts from Book History Common Sense published by China Literature Publishing House are most easily misunderstood by China people.

15。 Wait until the origin of …

According to legend, the origin of "pretending" is that Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited the south one spring, and when he saw the green leeks everywhere, he benefited from them, and he did not hesitate to praise the inspection the following winter. Unfortunately, this season, leeks have not yet grown to please the emperor, and local officials have come from afar with many daffodils. Its leaves look like leeks, and officials praised the real praise after Qianlong saw them. After the battle, people laughed at forgery or ignorance as "waiting"

16 the origin of things

We tend to call all the objects in the book "things", but why? "There is no" north and south "? Originally, wood, fire, gold, water and earth in ancient China were called "five elements" (namely, five directions of east, west, south, north and middle), while A, B, D, E, Ji, Geng, Xin, Ren and Gui were called "heavenly stems", and then they corresponded to the "five elements" and "heavenly stems" and formed. Taking western gold as an example, it represents all metal minerals, such as gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, etc., which belong to the fire in the south. Fire is a chemical phenomenon, but water is in the north and China is earth. Water, earth and fire are the most common substances or phenomena, so the ancients ignored that wood (plants are the most concerned) and gold (metal minerals) can represent all useful substances, so people regarded it as "wood"

17。 The origin of speculation

We all know the meaning of the word "creation". Look it up in the dictionary. It says: unfounded fabrication. However, there is an anecdote about the origin of this word. Few people know that in ancient times there was a man named Poison Devil who liked to recite poems. But the poems he wrote were exhausted and far-fetched, without any real feelings. Besides, his poems don't talk about rhythm. Some people say that what he wrote, poetry, is neither fish nor fowl, unlike poetry, literature nor writing. People, seeing a decent poem, blurted out: "This poisonous ghost wrote it." Later, this sentence gradually simplified the "novel", and later, the idea of "invention" was made on an unrealistic basis.

18 the origin of two-faced people

"Two-faced people" are mostly duplicitous and good at camouflage. What's this word? According to legend, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan Army on the north bank of the Yellow River and the expeditionary soldiers and civilians of the Rebel Army were in dire straits. Who is the welcome emperor? You should put red and green signs on the door and change things frequently. The Huaiqing government in northern Henan was frugal, and then came up with a long-term plan. Welcome a thin board. Yuan Jun said "protect", and the other side said "drive away the Tatars and restore China". "

Chang Yuchun's general Huaiqinglou, who once led the emperor, was very happy to see the colorful signs of gratifying signs at the gates, but suddenly a gust of wind blew down the slogan of welcoming the Yuan Army. So, Chang Yuchun ordered the people with cards on both sides to copy a door. After the massacre, the Huaiqing government greatly reduced its population. This is how the brand of "double-sided" Huaiqing House evolved.

19。 The origin of exposure

When the emperor was a child, his family was very poor. In order to make a living, he not only made cattle and sheep rich, but also became a monk in a temple. Later, he joined the fundraising team of the Yuan Dynasty Rebels. The battle was fierce. Because of his outstanding military exploits, Guo Zixing appreciated his adopted daughter Ma Shi to marry him. Ma Shi is a talented woman, clever and clever, and is his assistant, realizing the great cause of the emperor's reunification. When Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, the first thing he did was to make her queen.

Although Ma Huanghou's appearance is not beautiful, she is gentle and dignified, and her manners are generous. The only fly in the ointment is that she is not influenced by a pair of "natural big feet". Women are a defect. -After Markov became queen, his big feet became more and more uneasy. Therefore, in public, you must hide and try to avoid the skirt exposing your feet outside.

One day, Ma Huanghou was in a good mood. His sedan chair paraded through the city, browsing the scenery of the ancient capital. People are eager to see the opinions of the royal car market and hope to see the style of the queen. Unexpectedly, when the wind blows, the anklet is Ma Huanghou, and a pair of big feet are displayed in front of people in a corner. People are surprised to learn so much. I didn't expect today's queen's feet! People rushed to spread rumors, and the whole city immediately sensationalized the spread of "showing the cloven foot"

Later, the defect or complete exposure of privacy or conspiracy was called "revealing the clues"

20。 Substitution origin

Countries that are old-fashioned often pay the money of the gentry first, and then sell tickets to the masses to make money and play with the mass policy.

Of course, the theater only opened a side door, and no one went in. At the door, a strong man with five big and three thick received the ticket. Crossing the threshold, thick legs, his hand is very doorframe to prevent the ticket from sliding into the game area. Children in rural areas want to see a play and have no money to buy tickets. There are several children crying by the smelly hole, and the strong man guarding the door is calm. He seized the "heat" and waited for an opportunity to gently lift the strong man's arm and said, "Uncle, raise your arm a little!" In this way, the child will be caught in the theater by the strong man with his armpit. Later, the literati changed "please raise your hand" to "stand by", meaning "pity", for them to intercede, and by extension, for various occasions. BR/>； 2 1。 "peach and plum"

People always call "Tao Li, the teacher's favorite teacher trained by students, the origin of this word. "A large number of students have been trained. Why should the so-called "leap" students be called "peaches and plums"? There is a story: During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a minister named Wei. When he came to power, he and Paul trained many people together. Later, he offended Wei Wenhou and went to the north alone.

The man who satisfies his complaints refuses to contribute to the so-called degradation of his culture and life. Zizhen smiled and said, "Planting peaches and plums in spring, enjoying the cool under the trees in summer and eating fruits in autumn. But if you sow thistles in spring, you can plant them without their seeds. A gentleman's cultivation is like planting trees. You should choose the right person first, and then cultivate it.

Later, people called cultivating talents "educating people"; Training, talents are called "peaches and plums".

(from books and newspapers)

22。 "the first time"

Now the origin of the word, people often use "unprecedented" to describe unprecedented things. Tracing back to the source, the word "first time" originated from an allusion.

According to Sun Guangxian, a writer of the Five Dynasties, the book Four Books of North Dreams records that in the Tang Dynasty, the candidates who took the elevator to Beijing to take the Jinshi exam every year were all shipped from the local area, and the skills before the elevator were brought from Jingzhou every year, which lasted for forty or fifty years. Therefore, people call for solving the problem of insufficient days.

On the day of "labor shortage", the original chaotic state was not made public. People say that Jingzhou has been tested for forty or fifty years all the way, and there is no elevator competition. It is ironic. This situation continued until the fourth year of Tang Xuanzong University. (AD 850), Jingzhou brought in candidates who had taken the exam before. Liu Pi, a scholar, finally broke the "lasting solution" in the senior high school entrance examination, so it was called "unprecedented". Then Cui Xuan, Duke of Wei, guarded Jingnan and specially rewarded Liu Tuo with 700,000 yuan for the "first time". Established the "Champion Mansion". Liu gave himself up to thank him, but he couldn't thank the book halfway: "Fifty years of natural waste, thousands of miles away, Qi said, days are short." "This is wild," retorted.

I only know so much, please refer to it.