Korea in history

1. Korea is one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States in China's history.

Zhou Dynasty vassal state: Korea

State surname: Ji surnamed Han.

Title: Marquis, King of 3 15 years.

Capital: 1. Yang Zhai (Yuzhou, Henan) 2. Xinzheng (Henan Xinzheng)

The first person in this country: King Zhou Weilie.

Ancestors: Han Hou Jing, Han Qian Yong

Age of rise and fall: from 403 BC to 230 BC

Cause of extinction: destroyed by the state of Qin.

Historical Records: Historical Records (Volume 45: Han Family)

Han is an ancient name, one of the Seven Heroes of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period. Later historians called Han, Wei, Zhao, Qin, Chu, Yan and Qi the Seven Heroes of the Warring States. The territory of South Korea mainly includes present-day southern Shanxi and northern Henan, with Yangzhai as its capital (present-day Yuzhou, Xuchang City, Henan Province), and moved to Xinzheng (present-day Xinzheng, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province) after the destruction of Zheng.

In the ancient history of China, from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, South Korea and the Central Plains were divided into North Korea, Zhao and Wei San. About 1 1 century BC, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, after the King of Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty implemented the enfeoffment system, which greatly sealed Hou. Zhou Chengwang and Zhou Gongdan were regents, putting down the rebellion of Wu Geng, Shang Zhouwang, Guan Shu and Cai Shu. Zhou Chengwang was enfeoffed again, and his younger brother was called Tang Shu. His country is in the west of Yan State, which is now the northeast of Hejin County, Shanxi Province. Because he was in Jinshui and later changed to Jin, the ancestor of Han was a doctor of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period and was sealed in Hanyuan (now northeast of Hejin County, Shanxi Province). At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Han Zhenzi moved to Pingyang (now southwest of Linfen City, Shanxi Province).

In 403 BC, Han, Zhao and Wei were recognized by King Wei Lie of Zhou, and officially became princes, and Korea was established. The founding monarch was a descendant of Han Wuzi, a doctor of the State of Jin, and his capital was in Yangzhai (now Yuxian, Henan). In 375 BC, Zheng was destroyed and Xinzheng was established as its capital. South Korea is one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, which originated from the division of the State of Jin into three kingdoms. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the doctors of the State of Jin, Zhao Xiangzi, Wei Xianzi and Han, first assassinated Zhi Bo in 433 BC, and then divided the territory of the State of Jin into three vassal states. Later historians called Han, Wei and Zhao together with Qin, Chu, Yan and Qi as the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period. The capital of Yangzhai (now Yuzhou, Xuchang City, Henan Province) was destroyed and later moved to Xinzheng (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province).

When Han Zhaohou was in power, South Korea had the strongest national strength. He took Shen Buhai, a French scholar, as prime minister, and his internal affairs were enlightened, and South Korea became a well-off society. Korea is located in the Central Plains, surrounded by Wei, Qi, Chu and Qin, and there is no room for development at all. Its territory is also the smallest among the seven countries, making South Korea the first warring state vassal state to be destroyed by Qin, and it perished 230 years ago.

The most famous figure in Korea is Han Fei, a representative of Legalism. He was a North Korean aristocrat, but his thoughts were used by Qin.

List of lineages

The following table is based on the chronology of historical records of six countries:

Han's leadership

Han Xianzi Han Jue

Han Han Qi

Han Zhenzi Han Xu

Han Jian, Han Unbelief.

Han Zhuangzi Han Geng

Han Kang zi

Zhang Qi, the son of Hanwu, reigned from 424 BC to 409 BC 16 years.

South Korean monarch

From 408 BC to 400 BC, Hou Jing reigned for 9 years.

The reign of Emperor Liehou of Han Dynasty was from 399 to 387 BC 13 years (also known as Emperor Wuhou of Han Dynasty).

From 386 to 377, Hou Wen was in office for 10 years.

From 376 to 374, Han Ai Hou Han Tunmeng reigned for three years.

Han * * * Hou Han Ruoshan reigned 12 from 374 to 363 (also known as Han Yihao or Han Zhuang Hou).

From 362 to 333, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (Han Zhaohou) reigned for 30 years.

Han Kang, Marquis of Han Wei, reigned for 265,438+0 years from 332 BC to 365,438+02 BC.

Han Xiangwang was in the reign of Han and Tibetan 1 1 years ago-16 years ago in 296 (Han Xiang mourned or mourned the king).

From 295 to 273, King Han Jiu of Han Li reigned for 23 years.

Han Huanhui and Wang Hanran reigned for 34 years from 272 BC to 239 BC.

An reigned for 9 years from 238 to 230 (Han).

2. China and South China are geographically close, separated only by a strip of water, with a long history and frequent exchanges. American history, literature and China culture have a great influence on South Korea. China has been in contact with Korea on land since ancient times, and its maritime traffic is fast, so there are many similar cultural customs. In history, North Korea may be the inheritor of the Koryo dynasty, but the ancient Koryo dynasty and China have a lot in common. Since then, the Koryo dynasty has become one of the feudal dynasties on the Korean peninsula. Most of the politics and economy of the Koryo dynasty followed centralization of authority in the Tang and Song Dynasties in China. There are three provinces, six departments and nine temples in the official system, which are very similar to those in ancient China. The Koryo Dynasty had a close relationship with the Northern Song Dynasty in China. The two countries often exchange envoys, overseas students, businessmen and monks to enhance mutual understanding and friendship. Korea was later divided into South Korea and North Korea. Korea, the predecessor of Korea, naturally had a continuous relationship with the Koryo dynasty, and its ancestors naturally learned a lot from China. First of all, Korean characters, like Japanese characters, are developed by imitating China square Chinese characters. Some Chinese characters that you can know at a glance are only used in Korea, and their pronunciation and meaning are different from those in Japan. They inherited China's Chinese characters and added some strange symbols created by themselves. This constitutes the language of Korea. However, if Koreans think they are the founders of Chinese characters, it is really ridiculous. After all, China's words are all square characters, and there is no evolution. After they quoted a small number of Chinese characters in the past, they wanted to say that Chinese characters were invented and created by themselves, which was too unconvincing. The most incredible thing is that Qu Yuan, the author of China's Li Sao, attracted them after jumping into the river. Classics have been handed down since ancient times, which shows that the Dragon Boat Festival is closely related to China. However, South Korea has successfully applied for the Dragon Boat Festival as a traditional Korean festival. This application is just a formality, and no one in the world takes it seriously. In China, the pedigree of traditional culture, which has been carried for thousands of years, has been passed down to this day, while the descendants of Confucius in China have passed down for more than 70 generations. However, Koreans believe that Confucius is their ancestor. China culture has had a great influence on Korea since ancient times, so that Koreans stubbornly believe that these are all their own things. Of course, Koreans' respect for Confucius is worth promoting. On May 1 1, South Korea also held a grand ceremony to worship Confucius in Seoul. Compared with China, especially during the Cultural Revolution, Confucius was denied and he was demoted to the sixth Confucius. Speaking of the history of Kong's discoloration, Koreans pay more attention to China culture, but China culture has a great influence on them, which makes Koreans confuse you and me. In any case, it is the culture of China, and China wants the world to know that it is definitely not something that other countries can take for themselves by applying for the World Heritage. China is big, and China has a great cultural influence, so let the world know.

3. About Korean history ● In June, 2005, 65438+ 10, Gangneung, South Korea won the dispute of "Dragon Boat Festival Heritage Application" between China and South Korea.

● In June 5438 +2006 10, a professor of history at Seoul National University in South Korea claimed that the Korean people first invented Chinese characters, and suggested that * * * resume the application for Chinese characters.

● From June 5438 to October 2006/KLOC-0, Korea held the exhibition "Korea is the country of origin of printing" in Germany.

● June 5438+October 2006 10, South Korea plans to change "Chinese medicine" to "Korean medicine" to apply for heritage, and even some scholars have verified that Shennong, Shi and Li Shizhen (Compendium of Materia Medica) are all Koreans.

● June 5438+October 2006 10, South Korea wants to apply for the memorial ceremony of Confucius as a world cultural heritage. In the same year, South Korea declared that it would apply for the imperial examination system as a world cultural heritage.

● In June 5438 +2006 10, South Korea announced that Confucius was Korean.

● June 5438+October 2006 10, South Korea declared that it would compete with China for the "sovereignty of ginseng".

● In June 2007, a Korean company claimed that soybean milk was invented by Koreans.

In August 2007, a Korean historical novel named Emperor Chiyou traced Chiyou, one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, back to the Korean ancestors.

● June 5438+October 2007 10, Korean scholars claimed that most of the myths about China originated in South Korea, and then some Korean enterprises claimed that "soybean milk was invented by Koreans", which was criticized by netizens in China on the Internet.

● In June 2008, the Korean Medical Association of Korea stated that the Korean acupuncture standard would replace China as the world standard.

My conclusion: people are shameless. Why do we care?

4. Whether Korea belongs to China in history depends on when, but there are many periods in Korean history. According to legend, in 2333 BC, Dangun established a king in today's Pyongyang, and established the ancient "Koryo State"-Korea, which means "the country of tranquility and dawn".

But there is no written record, and there is no cultural relic certificate. Historians generally think it is fiction. According to official records, after Zhou Wuwang destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Shang Zhouwang's brother Ji Zi led 5,000 adherents of the Shang Dynasty to move eastward, and established a "post-Jishi country" with the indigenous people of the Korean Peninsula, which was later destroyed by Wei Man, the Yan State of the Western Han Dynasty.

This is written. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Lu Wan, the prince of Yan, led more than a thousand people into the northern part of Korea to stand on their own feet, which was called Weishi Korea in history; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty destroyed Wei and Han, and the Han Dynasty set up four counties in Liaodong. At that time, the northern part of Korea was now Korea, which was Wei's North Korea and four counties of Korea. The south is three Koreas, equivalent to South Korea today.

5. Modern History of Korea In 2004, Lee Myung-bak, then mayor of Hancheng, proposed to change the Chinese translation of Hancheng to Seoul.

Then in June 5438 +2005 10, South Korea passed a resolution to stop using the word "Seoul" and rename it "Seoul". Changing "Seoul" to Seoul is to correct the wrong place name, not to change the name, nor to target China, and there is no problem of "leaving China".

In fact, changing place names is an internal affair of the country, and other countries have no right to interfere. What's more, South Korea only officially names cities whose names have changed for decades (there is no legal Chinese name corresponding to Korean for a long time) with Chinese characters, because Koreans are still used to naming cities with Chinese characters, and Seoul's Korean place names are the only source of non-Chinese names among Korean place names and natural things names, that is to say, among all the place names in South Korea, only Seoul is a non-Chinese name. Rumor on the Internet that South Korea changed the Han River into the "Han River" is sheer nonsense. Chinese characters are still non-mainstream auxiliary characters in Korea, and Koreans will continue to use Chinese characters to choose place names, because Chinese characters are a historical tradition of Koreans, and it is also an internal affair of South Korea to choose Chinese characters for non-Chinese place names.

It is a common phenomenon that the names of a city and a country change at any time. For example, the capital of China changed its name several times, and it was not officially named as Beijing until modern times. There are countless such phenomena in the world. For example, in recent years, the African country Zaire has been renamed as the Democratic Republic of Congo, St. Petersburg, Russia and other cities. , and we * * * accepted the new name in time, instead of continuing to use the old name to call its location. Why? It is a respect for the country. Translating and transcribing foreign geographical names is a basic principle that all countries must follow. The General Rules for Chinese Translation of Foreign Geographical Names formulated by the Geographical Names Committee of China clearly stipulates that "the Chinese translation and writing of foreign geographical names shall be based on the standard pronunciation of the language", and it is also clearly stipulated that "the name of the official language shall prevail".

Chinese characters spread to the Korean peninsula after BC, and Koreans began to phonetic Korean place names with Chinese characters, and later named cities directly with Chinese characters. Seoul in history.

Also changed its name many times. In 18 BC, Baekje built a "comfort city" here and designated it as the national capital, and its urban prototype took shape. In 474, Goguryeo repelled Baekje Han [the "Northern Hanshan County" was established here.

In 668, Silla defeated Koguryo and unified the Korean Peninsula. North Hanshan County was changed to "Hanshan County" and later directly called "Hanzhou". In 935, North Korea destroyed Silla, which was renamed "Nanjing" and later "Hanyang" because it was located in the north of Han River in Shan Zhinan.

1393, the Korean dynasty decided to make its capital here, so it built many buildings with great care and named it "Seoul" (Korean pronunciation Hansung). 19 10, the Korean peninsula became a Japanese colony, and Japan changed "Seoul" to "capital" (Japanese pronunciation Keijo).

1945 Japan surrendered and the Korean peninsula was recovered. The Korean people renamed the "capital" as "Seo Ul". Although known as the "capital", Seoul is the only city on the Korean peninsula without Chinese characters because it is not spelled in Korean.

Since then, western countries have used "Seoul" to address cities, and Japan, which uses Chinese characters, has also used katakana (words used to mark proper nouns such as loanwords or place names in Japanese) to address Seoul, which is the only Korean place name marked with Japanese non-Japanese Chinese characters, while the Chinese world has long used the old name "Seoul" to mark Seoul because it has no corresponding Chinese characters. Seoul, an inherent place name in South Korea, has long been the only place name in South Korea that has no legal Chinese counterpart (it is said that Chinese mainland used the transliteration name "Su Wu" for a short time, but soon adopted the old name "Seoul" of the Korean dynasty in order to unify with other Chinese-speaking areas).

Of course, in Korean folk, although the place name inherent in Korean has been promulgated and implemented, it is also common to refer to Seoul with the unofficial Chinese place name "Seoul" because there is no corresponding Chinese name. Korean Chinese publications and old photos at that time are examples.

However, the use of inconsistent legal Chinese names has also brought "place name confusion". For example, there are two universities in the capital of South Korea, one is Seoul National University (the first institution of higher learning in Korea) and the other is Seoul National University (Hansung, a private university in the capital), both of which are marked with "Seoul National University" in Chinese characters, which leads to confusion in communication.

After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Korea, with the deepening and frequent exchanges between the two countries, similar puzzles have emerged one after another. However, the Chinese translation of wrong place names in Seoul does not conform to China's legal principles for the translation of foreign place names. At the beginning of 2005, South Korea officially marked the only capital name of South Korea with the Chinese character "Seoul", and clearly announced that it would no longer use the old name "Seoul". And "Seoul" has also become the historical place name of Seoul, the capital of South Korea. For example, Beiping is just a historical place name of Beijing, not today's name. It is in line with international practice and China's regulations on the translation and use of foreign place names that China people use to address the Korean capital. Seoul was named "Hanyang" because it was located in the north of the Han River in ancient times.

/kloc-At the end of 0/4, after the Korean dynasty made Hanyang its capital, it was renamed "Seoul". During the colonial rule of the Korean peninsula in modern times, Seoul was renamed as the "capital".

1945 after the recovery of the Korean peninsula, it was renamed as an inherent Korean word, and the Roman alphabet was marked as "Seoul", meaning "capital". The local Chinese place name is "Seoul" since ancient times.

As the capital, Seoul has a history of nearly 600 years. According to legend, in 18 BC, King Wenzuo, the ancestor of Baekje, went south and built the capital city Yuli City on this site, which was later renamed Seoul. From 392 to 475 AD, Goguryeo occupied this area, calling the northern and southern parts of the Han River the Northern Hanshan Kingdom, which is now near South Pyongyang in Seoul.

In the middle of the 7th century, Silla unified Korea and was incorporated into Hanshan County. Emperor Chengzong of South Korea (AD 960-997) upgraded this place to Yangzhou Pastoral (one of Korea 12 Pastoral).

1068 Nanjing, one of Beijing's three elementary schools (Xijing, Tokyo and Nanjing), became a city. Nanjing New Palace was built in 1 104, and 1308 was upgraded to Hanyang House.

Li Chenggui of the Korean dynasty built many buildings here in 1393 and moved here in 1394.

6. Overview of Korean history According to anthropological research in prehistoric times, there were people living on the Korean peninsula 700,000 years ago.

Ancient Korea (2333 BC ~ BC 108) According to legend, the mythical figure Dangun established the first kingdom of Korea-ancient Korea in 2333 BC. Since then, several tribes have moved from Nanman to the Korean peninsula.

During the Three Kingdoms period (57 BC-676 AD), Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla were built in the first century. During this period, the political system and religious (Buddhist and Confucian) culture of ancient countries developed.

Silla unification promoted the cultural development in the era of Silla unification (676-935 AD), during which Buddhism gained the greatest popularity. The unified Silla declined because of the hegemonic struggle of the nobles, and belonged to North Korea in 935.

The Koryo Dynasty (AD 9/KOLOC-0/8 ~/KOLOC-0/392) was founded in 9/KOLOC-0/8. Buddhism was designated as the state religion in this period, which brought great influence to politics and culture.

Famous cultural relics include Korean celadon and Korean tripitaka. Direct pointing was invented in the Korean era.

Direct pointing is the earliest metal movable type book in the world history, which is 78 years earlier than the metal movable type book invented by Gutenberg. /kloc-After the middle of the 0/4th century, North Korea declined.

Korean dynasty (1392~ 19 10) The Korean dynasty was established at the end of 14, and Confucianism became the state religion, which had a great influence on the whole society. The Korean alphabet was invented in 1443.

Due to Japanese aggression (1592, Ren Chen chaos) and foreign aggression, North Korea began to decline. During the Japanese rule (19 10 ~ 1945), the Korean dynasty was forcibly opened by Japan in 1876.

Japan occupied Korea in 19 10, and was defeated and surrendered by the allied forces in World War II in 1945. Republic of Korea (1945~ present) 1945 Japan withdrew from Korea after the surrender of the allied forces.

Later, the Korean peninsula was divided into South Korea and North Korea. 1the Korean war broke out on June 25th, 950, and1the armistice agreement was signed on June 27th, 953.

In 2000, the historic inter-Korean summit was held in Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea. ■ The World Year paid tribute to Korea, China, Japan and the West in the Bronze Age BC, the Rope Age, Mesopotamia, the Early Kingdom of Egypt, the Shang Dynasty in 2000 (1600- 1046), the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256) and/kloc-0. Qi Period Fuxi Kingdom Warring States Period (475-22 1) Bronze Age Yayoi Period 1 Punic War (264-24 1) Second Punic War (2 19-20 1) 200 Three Han Dynasties/. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420-58 1), Britain (499) and Asuka (552-645), Anglo-Saxon tribes (* *) appeared. (570-632) 600 Unified Silla Era (676-935) Bohai Kingdom (698-926) Sui Dynasty (58 1-6 18) Tang Dynasty (6 18-907) Nara Era (644) In 900, Koryo became the emperor of the new Roman Empire (900 1 Crusade War (1) 5438+0279- 1368) and Kamakura Period (1185-1392).

7.[ Axis Powers Hetalia] In German history, Germany, Prussia and Germany were called generations, belonging to the German nation, the Germanic nation and the Prussian nation respectively. Then Hitler just shouted long live the Germanic nation, saying that it was the only great nation (in fact, he was an Austrian himself)! Speak loosely, just like the 56 ethnic groups in China, like England, Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland! Prussia (German: Preuszen；; Old Prussian: Pr ū sa; Polish: Prusy；; Lithuanian: Purse; ; Latin: Borussia or Prutenia；; English: Prussia is a historical place name in Europe, which generally refers to the kingdom of Prussia from17th century to19th century. Prussia is sometimes synonymous with the spirit and culture of modern Germany because it rose and unified Germany and established the Second Empire in just two hundred years. Germans live in BC. Tribes gradually formed in the 2nd-3rd century A.D.,/kloc-Austria and Prussia rose in the early 8th century.