Botanical history of cherry

The wild species of European cherry are widely distributed in the south of Kokasa Mountains in northern Iran, until the mountains in western Europe. In the 2nd-3rd century A.D., cherries were gradually spread to all parts of the European continent for cultivation, and by the end of 16, they had been widely cultivated economically. European cherry is a relatively tall tree, while European cherry seedlings are small trees. In the 3rd century BC, the Greeks planted cherry seedlings artificially for the first time. At that time, the Roman Empire cultivated cherries as fruit trees and brought back cherry resources from the occupied countries. During the occupation of Britain by the Roman Empire in 40-60 AD, Britain began to grow cherries. By the14th century, cherry seedlings were planted in Nordic countries. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, European immigrants brought European cherry seedlings to North America. With the expansion of European and North American countries in the world, cherries have also been brought to most temperate countries in the world.

Although the cultivation of sweet cherry in Europe has a history of more than 2000 years, it was still limited to garden cultivation until 100 years ago. Today, cherry cultivation in Europe has spread all over most temperate countries in the world. The main planting areas are concentrated in 30-45 degrees north latitude and south latitude, and the concentrated producing areas are Europe and North America. Due to the influence of the Mexican warm current, the winter in Europe is not too cold, which makes the cherry seedling planting area push northward to 59 degrees north latitude. Cherry seedlings can also be planted in the nearby southern Norway, but in the low latitude Peruvian mountainous area of south latitude 15, due to the influence of high altitude.

Cherry cultivation in China began in 1970s, from 65438 to 2009, when it was introduced by missionaries and expatriates. According to Manchuria Fruit Tree in 19 15, American missionary J.L.Nevius brought the first batch of sweet cherry seedlings, sour cherry seedlings and hybrid cherry seedlings of 18 into the southeast mountainous area of Yantai, Shandong Province in 18+0. Since then, Naong and other varieties have been introduced from Russia, Germany, France and other countries and planted in Qingdao, Dalian, Weihai and other places. The economic cultivation of sweet cherry seedlings began in 1980s, and it was popularized in 1990s. Nearly 200 varieties have been introduced from China. And in Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Xinjiang and Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan high altitude areas for large-scale trial planting and development. Sweet cherry is a deciduous tree with a height of 25 or 30 meters. It grows vigorously, is dry, has upright branches, and its crown is naturally round or semi-circular; Big leaves; Most varieties are self-flowering; The fruit is heart-shaped, kidney-shaped or round, and the peel is bright and shiny. Compared with China cherry seedlings, it is thicker and tougher, purplish red or yellow, with thick pulp, high edible rate and sweet and sour taste.