Principles and main countermeasures of ecological environment restoration, protection and governance

Adhere to the basic national policy of family planning, stabilize the current fertility policy, advocate prenatal and postnatal care, and maintain a low fertility level. After 20 10, the population growth rate will be less than 5‰. By 2030, the population will achieve zero growth, and the total population will not be higher than 1.2 1 billion.

Focus on family planning in rural areas and floating population, and resolutely curb the birth rate in rural areas and floating population.

The second child rate in cities is on the rise and should be strictly controlled according to the policy.

Establish and improve the interest-oriented mechanism of family planning, implement a stricter reward and punishment system, and put an end to the "human feelings" out of control and corruption in family planning work. Vigorously develop social security and social insurance in rural areas to solve the worries of the only child, two-daughter households and the elderly population.

Developing rural education, improving population quality, developing rural economy and improving farmers' affluence without damaging the environment are the necessary ways to solve the rural population problem.

2. Land resources

Adhere to the basic national policy of protecting cultivated land, resolutely implement the Land Management Law and a series of supporting laws and regulations, strictly control the total amount of construction land, and protect the basic dynamic balance of the total amount of cultivated land. It not only ensures the national key construction land, but also ensures the safety of grain and grain supply in our province. To achieve a well-off level in our province, we need 0.08 hm2 of cultivated land per capita, 0.073 hm2 of alert level per capita (according to Wang Guoqiang) and 0.053 hm2 of minimum alert level per capita in the United Nations. According to this standard, when the population of our province reaches130,000 in 20 10, the required cultivated land is 8240000 hm2, 7550000 hm2 and 5490000 hm2 respectively. In the long run, the per capita arable land in our province will not be less than 0.066 hm2, and the total population will not exceed 1.2 1 100 million. According to this calculation, the total area of cultivated land in our province should not be less than 8050000hm2, of which the basic farmland should not be less than 6900000 hm2.

Correctly handle the relationship between economic development and cultivated land protection and do a good job in land use planning. Make overall arrangements for all kinds of construction land and reasonably control the scale of new construction land. Recently, the regulation of "one occupation and one supplement" for cultivated land has been strictly implemented. Actively explore the establishment of cultivated land reserve system. Large-scale and key construction projects are approved separately, and new construction land in cities and towns is mainly through improving land quality and revitalizing the stock. It is necessary to rectify and recycle idle and inefficient construction land in cities, and prevent the construction of small towns from rushing headlong and occupying a large area. Urban green space should not be expanded indefinitely, especially grassland with low space utilization rate should not be built on a large scale. It is suggested that the greening rate of urban built-up areas should not exceed 35%. The forest coverage rate in the province is not more than 34%, and the land greening rate is not more than 37%. The construction of forest land on both sides of the main traffic trunk line should be moderate, and it should not occupy a lot of cultivated land or shade it, which will affect the quality of cultivated land. Rural construction should eliminate "hollow villages", advocate urbanization and high-level, and reduce per capita construction land.

The main way to stabilize or increase the total cultivated land should be to optimize the land use structure and improve the level of intensive use of land resources. It is necessary to intensify the consolidation and reclamation of urban and rural areas and industrial and mining land, and implement the comprehensive improvement of Tianshui Road and forest village in land consolidation. To correctly handle the relationship between cultivated land reclamation and ecological environment, ecological land should not be included in the reserve cultivated land. Reclaiming reserve farmland shall not cause new soil erosion and ecological damage. It is forbidden to reclaim cultivated land on steep slopes and wetlands, beaches and sand dunes above 15.

3. Mineral resources

Resolutely implement the "Mineral Resources Law" and supporting series of laws and regulations, and insist on paying equal attention to open source and throttling, and paying equal attention to protection and development. In accordance with the principle of "orderly compensation, supply and demand balance, structural optimization, intensive and efficient", overall planning and rational layout should be made to control the total amount of mineral resources development and curb disorderly and illegal mining and its damage to the ecological environment. Strengthen the exploration of mineral resources and ensure the safety of resource supply.

Open up diversified investment channels to strengthen the mineral resources urgently needed by our province's economy (high-quality coal, oil and gas, aluminum-rich ore), mineral resources lacking in reserves (gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, antimony and fluorite), mineral resources lacking in iron, manganese oxide, phosphorus, potassium salt, pyrite, chromium, nickel and platinum group) and clean energy mineral resources (coalbed methane, platinum group). Meet the needs of mining development and national economic construction.

Protect and develop minerals such as molybdenum (tungsten), antimony, gold, aluminum-rich, fluorite and barite, avoid disorderly competition and protect the value of resources.

Encourage risk exploration outside the province and abroad, and make use of resources outside the province to make up for the shortage in the province. Explore the strategic reserve system of resources and gradually establish a sustainable and safe supply system of mineral resources.

Relying on scientific and technological progress and technological innovation to improve resource utilization and efficiency. Improve the recovery rate of coal, gold, bauxite and other bulk minerals and save resources. Develop comprehensive recovery technologies for low-grade bauxite, iron ore, gold mine tailings, coal gangue, fly ash, tungsten in molybdenum mines, cobalt in iron ore and radioactive minerals, gallium in bauxite and lithium in clay mines. So as to improve the utilization rate of resources. Strengthen the deep processing, utilization and development of dominant nonmetallic minerals such as zeolite, bentonite, perlite, kaolin, refractory clay, high-alumina refractory stone and potassium-bearing rock, and improve the utilization efficiency of resources.

Handle the relationship between mining development and ecological environment. Do a good job in comprehensive environmental management of mines and mining cities, strengthen the reclamation and transformation of coal mining subsidence areas and mining wasteland, and implement the compensation system for ecological environment in mining areas. Increase the development of clean energy such as hydropower, geothermal energy, natural gas, coalbed methane, solar energy, wind energy, coal-to-gas and coal-to-methanol Strengthen coal-fired dust removal technology in Kengkou Power Plant to reduce carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and coal dust emissions. It is forbidden to mine brick clay in the plain and effectively protect cultivated land. It is forbidden to carry out open-pit mining on both sides of traffic trunk lines, nature reserves, scenic spots and geological parks to protect ground landscape resources. Moderately develop groundwater resources to reduce land subsidence and its losses.

4. Soil and water conservation, green space construction and land improvement

Resolutely implement the soil and water conservation law. Adhere to the central government's policy of "returning farmland to forests (grasslands), closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, replacing food with relief, and contracting by individuals". Stop destroying forests and grasses and reclaiming land in wetlands, and no longer produce food at the expense of the ecological environment. The comprehensive agricultural development has changed from the combination of transforming middle and low yield fields and reclaiming wasteland suitable for agriculture to the combination of transforming middle and low yield fields and protecting the ecological environment. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, cultivated land with steep slopes above 25 degrees and movable semi-fixed sand dunes will be returned to forests. 15 ~ 25 Most of the cultivated land on steep slopes should be converted from farmland to green, except that a small part of the cultivated land with thick soil layer is converted into standard terraces. 2 ~ 15 gentle slope cultivated land is transformed into standard terraced fields, forest, grass and field farming are implemented, and timber forest, economic forest and artificial grassland are vigorously developed. Deal with the relationship between returning farmland and farmers' economic interests.

Organize the implementation of ecological environment construction projects in key areas, such as the ecological control project in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the shelter forest project in the middle and upper reaches of the Hanjiang River system, the second phase of Taihang Mountain, Dabie Mountain, Tongbai Mountain, Funiu Mountain, water conservation forest project in loess hilly and gully region, farmland shelter forest and farmland forest network restoration project, suburban ecological shelter forest project and rural "green mountains and green waters" project. Moderate construction of forest land and forest network in the plain will reverse the phenomenon of barren hills, low water and sandstorms in the plain as soon as possible.

Promoting soil and water conservation and land improvement with scientific and technological progress. Strengthen the technology of ecological restoration and reconstruction in natural forest areas, comprehensive management and vegetation restoration in ecologically fragile areas, ecological network construction technology, development technology of forest varieties and forest products, development technology of new varieties of forest and grass to prevent and control desertification, and desertification monitoring and early warning technology. Learn from the successful experience of soil and water control in neighboring provinces, select suitable forest species, grass species, advanced planting techniques and diversified management to achieve a win-win situation of ecological and economic benefits.

Careful preparation of land consolidation planning and rational allocation of land use structure can not only ensure the improvement of green mountains and green waters and ecological environment, but also leave enough cultivated land and construction land to ensure people's life and economic development.

5. Wetland protection, restoration and construction

Fulfill the obligations of the contracting parties to the convention on wetlands. "Protect and rationally use wetlands through national actions and international cooperation", "Rational use of wetlands is a sustainable use of wetland resources for the benefit of mankind, and can maintain the characteristics of wetland ecosystems".

Carry out the policy of "Leveling embankments for flood discharge, returning farmland to lakes, giving relief by work, building towns by immigrants, dredging and clearing obstacles, dredging rivers and lakes" in the State Council, correctly handle the contradiction between wetland flood storage and detention, biodiversity protection and agricultural economic development, and plan and implement large-scale wetland protection and remediation projects.

It is forbidden to reclaim cultivated land and carry out development and construction in existing wetlands, replenish water for dry wetlands, turn low-lying and waterlogged cultivated land into wetlands in the hinterland of flood discharge areas (build ponds or cultivate wetland vegetation), and moderately develop wetland ecological agriculture and tourism. Construct a benign wetland ecosystem.

Establish permanent wetland protection institutions and invest necessary funds to study and protect wetland environment, rare bird and fish species and biodiversity. Newly built 8 wetland nature reserves, including Xiaolangdi, Danjiang, Suya Lake, Nanwan Reservoir, Huaihe River, Qihe River, Xiaonanhai Pearl Spring, Zhengzhou Huayuankou and Shangqiu Old Yellow River; Planning and construction of large-scale national and world-class wetland reserves, such as beaches in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and valleys in the main tributaries of the Huaihe River, will improve wetland protection and construction.

6. Nature reserve construction and biodiversity

Protect nature according to law. Resolutely implement the environmental protection law, regulations on nature reserves, regulations on the protection and management of geological relics, forestry law, grassland law, fishery law, wildlife protection law and wild plant protection regulations; Fulfill international obligations such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, and effectively protect all kinds of nature reserves that have been built.

Strengthen the construction of nature reserves in our province. According to the objectives set forth in the Outline of China Nature Reserve Development Plan (1996 ~ 20 10) and the Development Plan of Henan Nature Reserve (1999 ~ 20 10), by 2005, nature reserves will reach the national territory of the whole province. Large-scale management of scattered rare animal and plant habitats as soon as possible is of great significance for ensuring the survival integrity of species and ecosystems and protecting biodiversity. It is necessary to build large-scale nature reserves such as Funiu Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Tongbai-Dabie Mountain, Xiong 'er Mountain, floodplain wetland in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the main stream of the Huaihe River, so as to provide enough space for wildlife to survive and reproduce. In the near future, we will strive to successfully declare 2 ~ 3 World Natural Heritage Sites, International Biosphere Plan and World Geopark, so as to improve the protection level and popularity.

We will implement a policy system to strengthen the protection of animal and plant resources, actively domesticate and breed, and rationally develop and utilize them. Cutting, hunting and collecting medicinal materials are strictly prohibited in the protected area to protect biodiversity. In the nature reserve, it is necessary to restore the normal reproduction of the original species, maintain their own characteristics, and carefully introduce and domesticate new species to avoid ecological disasters caused by heterogeneous invasion.

Improve the legal system of nature reserves. Local laws and regulations such as ecological benefit compensation measures and wetland protection measures have been introduced.

Increase government investment, extensively carry out international cooperation, attract foreign investment through multiple channels, and strengthen the material foundation of nature protection.

7. Environmental protection and pollution control

Strengthen the comprehensive management of environmental pollution and establish IS0 14000 environmental management system. Resolutely implement a series of environmental laws and regulations, such as the Environmental Protection Law, the Water Pollution Prevention Law, the Air Pollution Prevention Law and the Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Law, and strive to achieve an all-round improvement of urban and rural environmental quality.

Establish a resource-saving, high-efficiency and low-pollution economy. In the reform of industrial structure, enterprises and production processes with high consumption and pollution will be completely eliminated, and the economy will no longer be developed at the expense of the environment. Not only the construction of a single project needs environmental assessment, but also all social and economic development plans and plans need environmental assessment, so as to eliminate the mechanism of generating new pollution sources from the starting point and define the development speed and scale by environmental capacity.

Change the concept of pollution supervision, from terminal control and concentration control to total control and concentration control in the whole process; From simple administrative means to self-restraint, perfecting and actively developing eco-industry and cleaner production; From simple pollution prevention and control to the unity of pollution prevention and resource and environmental management, and the unity of ecological, social and economic benefits. At present, it is urgent to adjust the energy structure dominated by coal in our province, control the amount of pollutants produced by big polluters such as light industry and chemical industry, and reduce the pollution intensity as soon as possible.

Strengthen river pollution control, coordinate pollution control plans and measures with upstream and downstream provinces, and improve surface water quality as soon as possible. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, in addition to continuing to strengthen the management of the Huaihe River, we will focus on managing the water quality of the Yellow River to ensure the quality of drinking water in cities along the Yellow River and agricultural irrigation water in irrigation areas is qualified.

Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban environment. Effectively limit the number of motor vehicles and emission standards, and clean up point pollution sources such as chimneys within a time limit; Develop public transportation and increase the proportion of central heating and gas supply; Transform the urban structure, resolutely close and relocate polluting factories and development institutions; Implement the strictest urban water source protection measures to let people drink "safe water"; Implement centralized sewage treatment and garbage harmless treatment as soon as possible; Pay attention to the treatment of special pollution types such as urban noise, electromagnetism, light pollution and thermal pollution, and create a comfortable, safe and quiet living and working environment.

Pay attention to the control of rural non-point source pollution, implement ecological agriculture, reduce the dosage of pesticides, fertilizers and plastic films, and resolutely stop the resurgence of pollution by township enterprises. Find out the causes of endemic diseases, take control measures according to symptoms, and implement strict quality inspection standards for meat, eggs, milk, grain and vegetables to protect people's lives and health.

Study and formulate environmental price and tax (fee) policies as a lever for the state to macro-control the relationship between economy and environment.

Increase investment in environmental protection science and technology, and develop technologies to effectively treat heavily polluted wastewater such as papermaking, tanning, chemical industry, printing and dyeing, and mine tailings such as coal gangue as soon as possible.

8. Defense against natural disasters

Minimize the loss of natural disasters. Resolutely implement the Law on Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation, Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters, Water Law, Flood Control Law and other laws and regulations, and strive to effectively improve the ability to predict and prevent natural disasters.

Scientifically allocate natural disaster prevention and control forces. Formulate the province's Natural Disaster Prevention Plan, build a unified command organization for disaster prevention and mitigation, and coordinate departments such as civil affairs, meteorology, water conservancy, earthquake, geology and mineral resources, land, construction, forestry, agriculture and social security. Using high-tech comprehensive means, we will build an information network system for natural disaster prediction, early warning and medium-and long-term prediction. Strengthen natural disaster risk management, forecast in advance, monitor in real time, monitor at any time and make timely decisions, and promote the modernization of natural disaster prevention and control means.

Pay attention to the coordination between economic construction, natural disaster prevention and natural law and natural environment. Change the consciousness of "man can conquer nature" into "harmony between man and nature" Agriculture should stop land reclamation in mountainous areas and around lakes; Engineering construction and mine construction should evaluate geological disasters, carefully select sites, strictly follow geological laws, and prevent major disaster losses; In water conservancy construction, we should pay attention to the degree of drainage, leave enough space for flood detention and downstream water use, and consider the utilization of flood resources to turn harm into benefit.

Balance the investment policy, and shift the excessive emphasis on flood control and flood fighting investment to afforestation, soil and water conservation, landslide and debris flow prevention, meteorology, earthquake prediction and so on. Only in this way can we receive comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation benefits and change passive prevention into active prevention.