Where are the ruins of the Salawusu culture?

At the southern end of the Ordos Grassland, there is a winding river. It originates from Dingbian County in northwest Shaanxi Province, flows through Etuoke Banner and Wushen Banner in Inner Mongolia, and then turns eastward from Batuwan Village. In northern Shaanxi, Wuding River is a tributary of the Yellow River that flows southeastward after converging with the Xiangshui River. A wide and deep "U" shaped river valley has been carved out of the loose Mu Us Desert. This river became known as the Salawusu River.

English: Sjara-osso-gol Sjara-osso-gol means yellow water in Mongolian. It can be seen that the river here is muddy yellow all year round; both sides of the river are covered with swaying red willows. , so people also call this river "Hongliu River". It is along this river that it was once the birthplace of the ancient and splendid Ordos civilization. In 1922, French Catholic priest and geobiologist Sang Zhihua discovered an incisor fossil of the "Hetao Man" here for the first time. Since then, Chinese archaeologists have visited the site many times. A large number of cultural relics unearthed prove that the "Hetao people" lived here as early as 35,000 years ago. The material culture created by the "Hetao people" is now called "Sarawusu culture". After comprehensive analysis and research on geology, animal fossils and stone tools, the Salawusu culture was identified as the Late Paleolithic culture. The Sarawusu cultural sites are mainly located in Dagouwan Village and Dishaogouwan Village in Wushen Banner. An ash relic was discovered in Dagouwan Village. The relic is oval in shape, about 1-2 meters in length and width. The lower limit of the middle part of the ash is in the shape of a basin-shaped depression. More than 30 broken animal bones were found near the depression, which shows that this is where humans used fire to burn wild animals. At the same time, one to two hundred stone tools were collected in Dagouwan Village. These stone tools are relatively small in shape and mainly include pointed tools, scrapers, carving tools, etc. Round-headed scrapers, small engravers and wedge-shaped stone cores are particularly typical. Although these stone tools are strictly different from the microlithic tools of the early Neolithic Age, columnar stone cores were found in the site, indicating the existence of microlithic tools. The stone tools of the Sarawusu culture are similar to those of the earlier Pekingese culture and the Xujiayao culture of Yanggao, Shanxi, as well as the slightly later stone tools of the Zhiyu culture of Shuoxian, Shanxi, and the Xiaonanhai culture of Anyang, Henan. Similarities. It shows that they all belong to the "Zhiyu clan, the first site of Zhoukoudian (Peking Man ruins)" in cultural tradition, and it also shows that Sarawusu culture has a close relationship with the mainland. Twenty-three "Hetao Man" fossils have been unearthed so far, including: a fragment of right parietal bone and a left femur collected in 1956 in Dishaogouwan Village, Wushen Banner, Inner Mongolia; A parietal bone fossil discovered in Dagouwan Village; from 1978 to 1980, nineteen fossils including parietal bone, frontal bone, occipital bone, mandible, femur, tibia, fibula and scapula were obtained, of which six were from the late Pleistocene native strata. pieces; and the fossilized incisor teeth of a young child discovered in 1922. Research on the fossils of the "Hetao Man" shows that they lived about 35,000 to 50,000 years ago. Their characteristics are close to modern humans, but they still retain some primitive characteristics, such as thicker skull walls, simple bone sutures, thick jaws, thicker femoral arms, and smaller medullary cavities. These primitive characteristics indicate that the "Hetao Man" Belongs to late Homo sapiens. According to the characteristics of the incisor and head fossils of the "Hetao Man", it is similar to the modern Mongoloid race (yellow race). Many mammal fossil fragments were also unearthed on the banks of the Sarawusu River, such as rhino skull and tooth fossils, primitive cow and horse rib fossils, elephant bone and ivory fossils, and many animal leg bone fossil fragments. According to animal fossil records: the fauna of the Salawusu Formation mainly includes: 1. Namagu rhombodonts - this is a type of ancient elephant with a huge body and slightly curved incisors. It is similar to modern elephants. The incisors found in Ordos The fossil is about 2.4-3 meters long. 2. Woolly rhinoceros - a rhinoceros with long hair on its body. This type of fossil is found most in the strata of Ordos during this period and is widely distributed. In the 1920s, a fairly complete coat of hair was discovered in the Sarawusu River. Rhinoceros fossil skeleton. 3. Hetao big-horned deer - This kind of deer is tall and has a strong body. The most special thing is that the eyebrow branches of the antlers are expanded into a flat fan shape, almost perpendicular to the skull. The main branch is open and palm-shaped and towers above the eyebrow branches. This is unique among deer. 4. Wang's buffalo - It was named in memory of the Mongolian farmer Wang Shun who discovered it. This kind of buffalo has unique horns and a triangular cross section. 5. Knott's camel - This camel has a thicker skull and taller body than modern camels. It is one of the unique ancient animals in the Sarawusu fauna.

6. Hyenas and tigers - Among carnivores, these fossils are the most discovered. In the Yangsi Bay area of ????the Sarawusu River, a rare tiger hind body skeleton among the Quaternary tiger fossils was discovered. There are at least 45 species of faunal fossils in Salawusu, making this place a veritable "home of fossils". These Sarawusu cultural relics and the remaining fauna show that there were once many freshwater lakes along the Sarawusu River, where aquatic plants and forests were lush, and groups of animals were active. The "Hetao people" living on both sides of the river and lake created their own civilization in such a place with abundant water and grass. It has written a glorious page for the development of human history.