What are the main causes of rocky desertification in southwest China and how to do it?

Soil erosion leads to surface soil loss, exposed bedrock, loss of agricultural use value of land and degradation of ecological environment. Rocky desertification mostly occurs in limestone areas, and the soil layer is thin (mostly less than 10cm), and the surface presents an evolution process of gradually exposing rocks similar to desert landscape. From the cause of formation, the main factor leading to rocky desertification is human activities.

For a long time, natural vegetation has been continuously destroyed, and a large area of steep slopes has been reclaimed, leaving the surface bare. In addition, the karst mountain area has thin soil layer, exposed bedrock, strong scouring force by heavy rain, and a large amount of soil erosion gradually exposes rocks, thus showing the phenomenon of rocky desertification.

manage

Taking comprehensive management of soil erosion as the core. The control of rocky desertification should follow the principle of soil and water conservation and adapt to local conditions; Adhere to the comprehensive management of soil erosion as the core, improve the sustainable utilization rate of water and soil resources, and organically combine rocky desertification control with ecological projects such as returning farmland to forests, shelterbelt planting, soil and water conservation, drinking water for people and livestock, and poverty alleviation and development to carry out comprehensive prevention and control.

The countermeasures of rocky desertification control should first be based on protecting the places where rocky desertification has not occurred in karst landform areas, preventing it from happening and preventing the potential rocky desertification from deteriorating and evolving; In areas where rocky desertification has occurred, comprehensive management should be carried out to make them gradually develop into benign ones, with emphasis on mild and moderate rocky desertification.

Prevention and control of rocky desertification should be multi-pronged. Such as closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, afforestation in barren hills, returning farmland to forests, changing people's production and lifestyle, and implementing ecological migration; At the same time, it is necessary to formulate preferential support policies to encourage enterprises, institutions, individuals and non-public economic organizations to participate in rocky desertification control; Special attention should be paid to adjusting the energy structure in rocky desertification areas, speeding up the pace of rural energy construction and reducing the energy consumption of forest resources.

Extended data

harm

Mountain torrents, landslides and mudslides are prone to occur in rocky desertification areas, and the development of underground karst leads to frequent floods and droughts, which are accompanied by droughts and floods almost all the year round. At the same time, the rocky desertification mountain area has high rock exposure rate, less soil, low water storage capacity and strong water leakage, which is easy to cause water shortage and drought, and heavy rain will lead to serious soil erosion. Due to serious soil erosion, most areas in southwest China are short of soil, and some places still have engineering water shortage.

Rocky desertification and serious soil erosion have formed a vicious circle, resulting in poor mountains and water, poor forests and thin soil, which has lit up a red light for people's survival in southwest China.

The deteriorating fragile ecological environment in rocky desertification areas restricts the development of southwest China, and the population, survival and energy problems in rocky desertification areas have become unavoidable problems.

The phenomenon of "rocky desertification" after the continuous loss of water and soil resources not only worsens the agricultural production conditions and ecological environment, but also makes people lose their basic living conditions, so many places have to consider "ecological migration".