Russia plans to return to the moon. There is no launch site on the moon. How did the astronauts return to Earth?

On October 4, 1957, the former Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, which started our human spaceflight. Then on April 12, 1961, it launched a manned spacecraft and put astronaut Gagarin into earth orbit. On January 2, 1959, the Soviet Union launched the world's first probe "Lunar 1" that could reach the moon. On September 12, 1959, the Soviet Union launched the "Lunar 2" probe, which was the first probe in the world to reach the surface of the moon.

judging from these aerospace experiences, the Soviet Union was in the lead in many aspects of the aerospace field at that time. When the United States was preparing for the Apollo moon landing project, the Soviet Union also had a manned moon landing project, but it was not successfully implemented for some reasons. In 1976, the Soviet Union launched the "Lunar 24" probe, which was the last lunar probe in the Soviet Union and retrieved 17 grams of samples from the moon. Since 1976, the Soviet Union/Russia has not launched a follow-up moon landing project. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, more and more countries have begun to participate in the moon landing, and Russia now has plans to return to the moon.

According to the scientific report of Russia on May 15th, 22, the Russian probe "Moon -25" planned to be launched in 221 will land near the south pole of the moon. At present, there are a main landing zone and a standby zone, one of which is located in the north of Boguslavski crater on the moon and the other is located in the southwest of Manzini crater on the moon. The main task of this detector is to drill on the moon, collect and analyze lunar samples. In addition, the detector will also study the lunar earthquake and test the landing technology before manned landing on the moon.

Russia will also launch the Lunar 26 and Lunar 27 probes, among which the Lunar 27 probe will be built in the Lunar Resources 1 project and is expected to be launched in 225. It is envisaged that a lunar base may be established in the landing area of the heavy lunar landing station "Lunar 27" in the future. From a long-term perspective, it will be a trend for human beings to land on the moon and build a lunar base in future lunar exploration projects, so in the near future, we may once again see the sight of astronauts living and working on the moon, which is indeed something worth looking forward to.

From the process of exploring the moon, it is not the most difficult for the probe to orbit and land on the moon. Manned landing on the moon should be the most difficult, because in this process, not only a set of systems that can guarantee the survival of astronauts need to be matched, but also many problems need to be considered, such as how to return to the earth from the surface of the moon. You know, on our earth, satellites, spaceships and other spacecraft need powerful launch vehicles to enter space. On the moon, there is no launch site and no large launch vehicle. How do astronauts leave the moon and return to Earth?

The reason why we can leave the earth's surface and go into space with the help of a launch vehicle is because we are bound by the gravity of the earth. At present, we can only rely on the speed of the launch vehicle to get rid of the gravity of the earth, that is, to obtain an escape speed. Because the mass of our earth is relatively large, the gravitational force (that is, gravity) we are subjected to is also relatively large, and the escape speed of the earth is also relatively large, reaching 11.2 kilometers per second. In contrast, the mass of the moon is much smaller, so the gravity on the surface of the moon is much smaller, and the speed of escaping from the moon is much smaller. The escape speed of the moon is only 2.4 kilometers per second. It means that it is relatively easy for us to leave the moon. We only need to increase the thrust slightly, and then we can leave the surface of the moon and enter the orbit of the moon. After a certain acceleration, we can exceed the escape speed of the moon and return to the earth. In the Apollo moon landing project, after the moon landing spacecraft reached the lunar orbit, not all of them landed on the lunar surface, but a landing module was released to send astronauts and ascent equipment to the lunar surface, while the orbiter kept a certain speed around the moon in the lunar orbit and waited for the astronauts to return. When the astronauts finish the mission on the surface of the moon, they will take the ascending segment to take off. In this process, all unimportant equipment and materials will be abandoned to reduce the quality of the ascending segment. If the ascending segment slightly increases the thrust, it can enter the lunar orbit and dock with the orbiter. When the astronauts return to the orbiter, the orbiter will accelerate to the escape speed of the moon and fly back to the earth. According to this plan, although the moon has no launch site and no launch vehicle, astronauts can still return to Earth.