As a member of the democratic parties, how to do a good job in participating in and discussing state affairs?

Participating in and discussing state affairs involves all aspects of economic, social and human development, and everyone's knowledge is limited. To solve this problem, we must strengthen study. Learn from Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents to improve ideological and political quality; Learn the party's line, principles and policies, and improve the theoretical level of policies; Learn social knowledge and professional knowledge to improve business ability. Through study, we will further deepen our understanding of the situation, master the laws and regulations of the country and various principles and policies, expand our understanding of various and multidisciplinary knowledge related to participating in and discussing state affairs, and constantly improve our ability to serve the overall situation around the center. Learning forms can be varied, and various learning activities should be carried out according to the characteristics of different personnel, such as reports, theoretical seminars, symposiums, study classes, training courses and so on. Through study, we can improve the policy and theoretical level of members of democratic parties and their ability to participate in and discuss state affairs.

In terms of ideological understanding, some comrades of democratic parties and federations of industry and commerce do have some different understandings. It is believed that under the current political system in China, the democratic parties and the Federation of Industry and Commerce can hardly achieve anything. Some comrades believe that the democratic parties are political vases, and participating in the discussion of state affairs means "speaking in vain, speaking in vain, and who will not speak in vain." Some comrades said: participating in the discussion of state affairs "is meaningless. What's your opinion if you talk too much?" Some people say that CPPCC members just "raise their hands and clap their hands" and everything is fine. This is a misunderstanding of multi-party cooperation and political consultation. Therefore, raising awareness mainly focuses on two aspects:

First, raising awareness of the multi-party cooperation system

In the new period, China's * * * production party put forward the policy of "long-term * * existence, mutual supervision, treating each other with sincerity, honor and disgrace and * * *", and the multi-party cooperation system was further improved and developed. China's * * * production party carries out extensive political cooperation with all democratic parties, takes care of the political and material interests of its allies, and unites them to advance together. While consciously accepting the leadership of China's Producer Party, all democratic parties maintain their independent and equal political status, and have a broad space to freely express different political views through legal procedures.

It can be said that the leaders of the older generation of democratic parties have deep feelings for the party's leadership and the multi-party cooperation system because of their experience of unity and cooperation with China. Some young comrades, because of their inexperience, are somewhat resistant to the multi-party cooperation system, thinking that it is one-party autocracy, and they have little knowledge of the western multi-party system, but they admire it to the utmost.

On March 18th, the website of Lianhe Zaobao reprinted Song Luzheng's article: Comparative Politics: Why is the one-party system in China superior to the multi-party system in the West? Some ideas are novel, while others are debatable.

The article holds that the excellent performance of China model will inevitably lead to global research on the reasons for its success, but these studies all have the same defect: they avoid the important role of political system factors. China's truly distinctive feature is its effective political system, which is the real reason why China has achieved economic success and created a brand-new modernization road of "China model". Compared with the western multi-party system, China's political system has six advantages.

One of the advantages: continuity of policies

In Europe, when the left and right parties in Britain and France came to power, the national development policy changed immediately, either by large-scale nationalization or large-scale privatization. In the United States, when the left-leaning Democratic Party is in power, it generally adopts the policies of increasing taxes on the rich, opening the door to consortia and subsidizing the poor, such as the "medical insurance reform" pushed by the Clinton era and the Obama administration. The right-leaning * * * and the party in power take the position of reducing taxes for the rich and supporting consortia, and each swing will cause different damage to the national economy. During the Chiang Kai-shek era, Taiwan Province also formulated a "six-year development plan" similar to that of the mainland, but after democratization, it all disappeared. After all, political parties have only been in power for four or eight years, and they are all speculating in the short term. Who can manage things after four or eight years? In India, in the past few decades, subsidies to farmers have increased, but investment in agriculture has declined. Farmers may benefit in the short term, but in the long run, they have lost their production capacity and their living standards have not been improved. However, short-term distribution can please the people and benefit the votes of political parties. This is why, although India's land is privately owned, the arable land area is the largest in the world, and the per capita land area is twice that of China, it cannot solve the problem of food and clothing in the whole country, while China's grain is twice that of India.

The second advantage: administrative execution

Terminal 3, which was built in China to welcome the Olympic Games, was completed in three years, which was not enough time for the approval process in the west. In the once-in-a-century Wenchuan earthquake in 28, China's high-speed and effective mobilization ability shocked the whole world. This earthquake in Haiti, the first one to reach the disaster area was China, far away from Wan Li, two hours ahead of Haiti's neighboring country, the United States! France, the United States and other countries are quite chaotic and inefficient when dealing with their own emergencies. The summer heat in France in 23 and Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 25 were just such cases. At the moment when the disaster was extremely serious, French President Jacques Chirac continued his vacation until the end of the holiday. This summer heat caused tens of thousands of deaths in France. President George W. Bush stopped his vacation three days later to direct disaster relief. The disaster area has already become a hell on earth, so that the first thing for soldiers who go to disaster relief is to quell violence instead of disaster relief. So much so that they sigh that they would rather go to Iraq! Last year, a typhoon hit both sides of the strait at the same time, and the mainland was able to evacuate one million people quickly, but it was unable to cope with the tragedy in Taiwan Province, causing more than 6 deaths and disappearances.

The third advantage is to curb corruption

The corrupt people in China are most dissatisfied at present. Why can we still draw the conclusion that the one-party system can effectively curb corruption?

first, China is in the period of economic take-off and social transformation, which is a period of high incidence of corruption throughout human history. Developed countries such as the United States, Britain, France and Japan have all gone through the same path.

Second, compared with Indian and Russian countries in the economic take-off period, China's corruption level in China is far inferior to those countries in the same process. Especially in the 199s, corruption in Russia once reached the extreme madness and out of control. It is the Russian experience and lessons that make the world face up to China's anti-corruption experience.

Third, any form of trading in power and money is illegal in China, but it is legal in western countries under certain conditions. Although it is legal, it cannot change the nature of its power and money transaction. Just as pornography is mostly legal in the west, it still cannot change the nature of money and sex trading. But the result of legalization is less corruption, because these behaviors are no longer corruption. This is just like the fact that pornography and gambling are illegal in China, and China is naturally included in the crime rate, which is naturally higher than that of countries where pornography and gambling are legal.

fourth, corruption in the west is rigid corruption, while corruption in China is human corruption. Democracy in the west must have elections, and elections must have money. Politicians accepted the support of the consortium, and after winning, they were bound to give back. This is the rigid principle of corruption in a democratic system. In China, the appointment of officials is influenced by many factors, such as working ability, mass evaluation, human relations and bribery, etc. However, this kind of expenditure is completely out of proportion to the cost of large-scale elections, so it has no direct relationship with the consortium. Their corruption after taking office is mainly related to human greed, while low income and imperfect legal supervision are external causes. But objectively, there is no rigid principle that power and money transactions must be corrupted.

under the one-party system, China has the ability to fight corruption. China's "double regulations" system, real-name reporting system and official publicity system are not available in other countries. Although due to the restriction of economic development stage, it can not reach the current level of western developed countries, it can be regarded as the most acceptable effect in this specific time and space of social transformation.

the fifth advantage: talent training and selection

the training of political talents in China is a long process, especially for high-end political elites, who must have sufficient grassroots experience. It can be said that ability is the most important criterion. However, in a democratic society, there are many factors that affect elections, such as religious belief, gender, race, image, ability to show and speak, sufficient financial support and political nepotism, but the most important ability is marginalized. Obama, for example, has only been a senator, but has never been a mayor for a day. It can be said that he has no administrative experience, but he was elected to run the whole country. Is this possible in China?

in addition, due to the existence of different political parties, the political talents of the whole country are divided into several parts and advance and retreat with the political parties. If one party wins, even if the original administrative officer is capable again, all will be greatly changed. On the one hand, it causes a shortage of talents, on the other hand, it causes a waste of talents. After all, political elites are also scarce resources, and the emergence of an outstanding political talent is also a combination of many factors, and political elites also have their natural life span. When a political party is re-elected for eight years, it means that the political elite of another political party is idle for eight years.

The leaders elected in this way either cannot choose the best talents or have no one to choose. This is why democratic countries often fail to select outstanding talents. At least from the practical political practice, China's hierarchical selection system and conscious talent training system are better than the western model of producing leaders by election. If we look at the two sides of the strait, the contrast is even more striking.

Advantage 4: Responsibility

When it comes to China, the West often uses the phrase "absolute power and absolute corruption". This is actually an ideological assumption, which is inconsistent with today's political practice (the serious corruption in many democratic countries is a case in point). And more importantly, the west has not realized that "absolute power often means absolute responsibility". In a democratic country, you can pass the buck if something goes wrong. The ruling party said that the opposition party did not cooperate. After the opposition party became the ruling party, it was said that it was caused by the predecessor. Not only that, projects that span the term of a political party are often sacrificed first. Recently, President Obama submitted the 211 budget to Congress, one of which was to cut off the Bush-era moon landing plan. The moon landing program has cost 9.1 billion US dollars, or more than 6 billion RMB, and this project has become a half-baked project. However, it is strange that no one is responsible for such a big loss. If a project decision in China caused such a big loss, how could the responsible person be spared?

speaking of it, it still has something to do with democracy. In a democratic society, many officials are elected, so they have tenure security. As long as it is not illegal, wrong decision-making, or inaction, it will not affect the term of office. Moreover, once the term of office expires and you step down, even if there is any problem, you will not be investigated again. George W. Bush launched the Iraq war. Has anyone been held accountable? Has created an economic crisis that swept the world, have any politicians been investigated? In China, the accountability system for senior officials is becoming more and more perfect, and officials who are incompetent or dereliction of duty and make mistakes will be held accountable at any time. This is why on the eve of the typhoon, mainland officials were ready for battle, on the grounds of avoiding disasters. Because of the disaster, local officials will be held accountable. Officials in Taiwan Province went on holiday for dinner on the grounds that the disaster had not yet happened.

Advantage 6: Representing the whole people

Under the western multi-party system, the interest groups represented by each political party are different. Either on behalf of the public or on behalf of the consortium. This is true in Britain, France and the United States. But no matter who they represent, no political party is a national party. After taking office, governance can only be biased towards supporting their own groups.

another reason why the multi-party system cannot represent the whole people is the election. If the interests of a group want to be protected and valued, there must be two conditions: one is to have the right to vote; Second, there must be a considerable number. If this condition is not met, it cannot be effectively protected.

Of course, elections also bring about another extreme. Take India as an example. The illiteracy rate in India remains high, and the government's literacy program has achieved little. The reason is that literacy is undertaken by the local government, and local governments are not enthusiastic about literacy. One of the reasons is that the more illiterate people are, the easier it is for voters to control and influence, and the easier it is for local politicians to get votes.

In the past 3 years, China's economic policies have not been particularly inclined to any interest group. Reform and opening up began in the countryside, and farmers benefited the earliest. With the deepening of reform, laid-off groups appeared in cities, and the state began to establish a security system. Later, with the growth of economic strength, agricultural taxes were abolished, rural medical new rural cooperative medical system was established, and rural retirement security was piloted. On the whole, Chinese * * * maintains a neutral role and an objective role. This is also recognized by researchers at home and abroad. This feature of China is even more obvious if compared with other developing countries that implement western multi-party system.

The politics of many developing countries are either held hostage by populism, which often leads to excessive distribution, so as to damage the government's long-term distribution ability; Or dominated by social elites, further increasing social inequality. The existence of social inequality, in turn, stimulates the prevalence of populism. In an unequal society, it is easier to manipulate votes and mislead people. This has been verified by the experience and lessons of countless countries.

these viewpoints mentioned just now should be of great help to us to better understand the superiority of the multi-party cooperation system.

The second is to strengthen the understanding of the importance of participating in and discussing state affairs

From the perspective of political science, the general public policy research includes two systems: one is the administrative policy research system; The second is the academic policy research system. The two systems have their own advantages and disadvantages, so they need to complement each other.

the advantages of the administrative policy research system of the party and government organs are that they are close to the high-level decision-making bodies and personnel of the party and government, and they have a lot of internal information and authoritative research. However, administrative policy research is sometimes dominated by a certain mindset, with strong inertia, and some results simply and mechanically provide comments and support for the current policy. Influenced by the change of leaders, some studies focus on short-term effects and ignore long-term considerations.

although academic policy research has its shortcomings, it has the characteristics of extensive research disciplines, basic data system, free choice of research topics, independence, objectivity, flexibility, broad research vision and long-term vision. Democratic parties, as participating parties, can not only partially participate in administrative policy research, but also play a unique role in academic policy research.

democratic parties, as participating parties, are different from the ruling party and government organs in the scope and degree of knowledge. Party committees and governments at all levels should further implement the Party's principles and policies on democratic parties, strive to expand the scope of knowledge and participation of democratic parties, support democratic parties to give full play to their role in participating in and discussing state affairs, creatively give full play to their advantages, and do a good job in participating in and discussing state affairs.

as long as the democratic parties give full play to their own advantages, handle the relationship between participation and deliberation, and accurately grasp the complete content of participation and deliberation, the democratic parties will have great potential for participation and deliberation.

(2) Building a team

As the old saying goes, "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first". Without a group of party members with high political quality and experts and scholars from all walks of life as the backbone, and without a party team with strong awareness of participating in and discussing state affairs that cares about current affairs and people's livelihood, any organization of democratic parties will only be in the air if it wants to perform its functions and play its role in participating in and discussing state affairs.