Xie's Minqin immigrants

During the Southern Dynasties, the south of the Yangtze River was a land of vast territory and abundant resources, and the people were hardworking and contented. If there is a local harvest within a year, several cities will not go hungry.

From:

Shen Yue's Book of Song Dynasty

Original text:

Jiangnan is a prosperous country. Folk farming will become a thing of the past. The land is vast and the people are wild, and the people work hard. When they are one year old or barnyard grass (crops are ripe), they forget hunger and save clothes.

Translation:

Jiangnan is prosperous for the country. Folk households reproduce and forget the past. The land is rich and the people are diligent in agriculture for a year or two (crops are ripe). Those countries are rich in silk and cotton and cover the whole world.

Extended data:

Introduction to Song Shu:

The Book of Song Dynasty is a biographical history book that records the history of Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties. Yue wrote ten volumes of Biography, thirty volumes of Chronicle, sixty volumes of Biography and one hundred volumes of * * *.

Some biographies in this edition are incomplete, and a few biographies are supplemented by Tang's Brief History and Southern History.

Eight records were originally arranged after biographies, and later generations moved between biographies and biographies, and the legal calendars were separated in the legal calendars.

Song Shu contains many documents such as imperial edicts, letters and articles at that time, and preserves the original historical materials, which is beneficial to future generations' research.

An important reason for the great length of Song Shu is that it attaches great importance to the biography of the gentry.

phylogeny

The Book of Song Dynasty has a total volume of 100, including biographies of 10, chronicles of 30 volumes and biographies of 60 volumes, written by Yue. There is discipline, biography, ambition without expression, sloppy style and narrative taboo, but a lot of historical materials are preserved.

The Song Dynasty was a feudal dynasty established in the south after the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Emperor Yuan Xing of Jin 'an (AD 403), Huan Xuan, the secretariat of Jingzhou, proclaimed himself emperor. In the second year, Emperor Wu of the Northern Dynasties rose up in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province) and Guangling (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province), overthrew Huan Xuan, nominally restored the rule of the Jin Dynasty, and actually mastered the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Fifteen years later, in the second year of Gong Jin Yuan Xi (AD 420), Emperor Wu of Song established the Song Dynasty, with its capital in Jiankang (now Nanjing). After Emperor Wu of Song, a * * * was passed down for seven generations. In the third year of Emperor Shun of Song Dynasty (AD 479), it was destroyed by Xiao Ji.

The compilation of the national history of the Song Dynasty began in the 16th year of Yuanjia in Song Wendi (AD 439). He Chengtian, a famous scientist at that time, made a biography and compiled a chronicle of astronomy and law. Since then, Shan, Pei Songzhi and Su Baosheng have appeared again. However, their time as historians is very short.

In the sixth year of Ming Dynasty (AD 462), Xu Gui led this work as A Lang. Referring to the old manuscripts of predecessors, he compiled a National History, which started in the first year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 405) and ended in the Ming Dynasty.

There are sixty-five volumes of Xu Zisong's books recorded in Sui Shu Jingji Zhi, which shows that his books are in parallel with Shen Yue's, and now there are still fragments of Xu Zisong's books in Taiping Yulan and other books. However, Xu was soon dismissed by the Song Dynasty, and the compilation of National History in the Song Dynasty stopped.

In the spring of the fifth year of Qi Yongming in the Southern Dynasties (AD 487), he ordered Shen Yue to compile the Book of Song Dynasty. At this time, Shen Yue was the official order of a prince, and he was also a writer. He supplemented and revised the old works by He Chengtian, Xu Kui and others.

In February of the sixth year of Yongming (AD 488), he completed 70 volumes of biographies in nearly one year. Shen Yue said in the recital at that time that "written records must be continued", so it can be seen that the thirty volumes of Eight Chapters of Song Shu were continued later.

In Eight Records, Fu Ruizhi changed the name of Luan Bird to Shen Bird in Song Dynasty in order to avoid the taboo of Qi Ming Emperor Xiao Luan.

Changing "Shun" to "Cong" is to avoid the taboo of Liang Wudi's father Xiao Shunzhi; The Book of Songs called Zou Weixian, which is a taboo. It can be seen that Song Shu was finalized after Qi proclaimed himself emperor (AD 494) and even acceded to the throne (AD 502).

At the same time or later, he wrote 65 volumes of Song Shu, 30 volumes of Song Ji, Pei wrote 20 volumes of Liang Dailue, Wang Yan wrote 20 volumes of Song Chunqiu and Bao Hengqing wrote 20 volumes of Song Chunqiu. However, these works have been lost. The history books about Liu and Song Dynasties are relatively complete, and now there is only Shen Yue's Book of Song Dynasty.

Filled the blank in the annals of the Three Kingdoms.

Shen Yue (AD 44 1-5 13) was born in Wu Kang, Xing Wu (now west of Deqing County, Zhejiang Province). The three dynasties were officials, and the Song Dynasty was an official in the minister's office. Qi, five soldiers as ministers, ministers, imperial academy wine. On the occasion of the alternation of Qi and Liang regimes, he urged Dai Qi to be emperor.

Therefore, the Liang Dynasty named him Jianchang Hou, and the official was the official servant of Shangshu, Shangshu and Zhongshu. There are many works by Shen Yue, but now, except Song Shu (volume 100) and Collected Works (volume 9), other works, such as The Stone, Miracle, Ji of Liang Gaozu and Song Wenzhi, have all passed away.

The gate valve system formed since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty was fully developed in the Eastern Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Nobles have political and economic privileges. They annexed a large amount of land, extensively recruited "shadow households" and occupied the labor force by various means.

Extremely cruel exploitation and oppression of people. They boast of their family status and control their official positions. The so-called "noble officials and talented people celebrate their families, are eager to make progress, and sit in public office" ("Southern Qi and Chu Yuan, Wang Jianchuan").

Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of A Liang, also strongly supported the gentry. In his letter, he also specifically mentioned the need to correct the phenomenon of "the crown and shoes are upside down and unclear" (Emperor Wu Ji). Born in, known as "the home of Jiangdong, Mo Qiang was in Zhou and Shen" (The Biography of Zhou is attached to the Book of Jin).

Shen Yue was a famous official in the Song and Qi Dynasties. The drama "Wang" included in the Collected Works of Liang Xiaotong strongly criticized the situation that some gentry landlords "married and lost their jobs".

Therefore, Shen Yue's Book of the Song Dynasty has distinct characteristics of the times and class. One of its outstanding contents is to praise the nobility and maintain the gate valve system.

For example, almost half of the biographies in Song books are about the representative of the landlord class-aristocratic men. As far as Wang and Xie are concerned, there are fifteen or sixteen biographies of Wang and nearly ten biographies of Xie in Song Shu.

Like Chen Hongwei, the biography describes how he was busy running Xie's industry, but at the end of the biography, he was touted as "simple but not losing, light but not flowing" Another example is Wang Wei, the evil soul. His biography is full of letters to friends, but he said that he "has Geng Jie in his heart, so you can't take it lightly". Because these two men are aristocratic men, Song Shu gave them a "good biography".

For the figures in the Song Dynasty, there is always a saying of "celebrities of the previous generation", such as simple manners, lofty style and so on.

However, The Book of Song Dynasty still has certain historical value. Shi Tong Chronicle said: "In the five years of Song Dynasty, it ended in Jianghuai. There are hundreds of books, titled "Numerous Fu". "

There are hundreds of volumes of Song books, which record the historical events in the past 60 years and save a lot of historical materials. In particular, it contains many memorials, letters and articles of people at that time, from which we can see some actual social, political and economic conditions at that time.

For example, in Volume 82, Zhou Lang wrote a letter to Zhou Lang, talking about the harm of tone, which seriously hindered the development of productive forces at that time. The dispute over changing coins in 56 volumes of Biography of Confucius, 60 volumes of Biography of Fan Tai and 66 volumes of Biography of He Shangzhi reflects how feudal rulers increased the exploitation of the people in changing coins.

Volume 54 is attached to Yang Xuanbao's Biography of Brother and Son Yang, which contains a letter from Prince Xiyang, referring to the development of rural polarization in the early Southern Dynasties. "The rich people occupy the mountain, and the poor people don't trust the land of fishing and mining."

67 volumes of Xie Lingyun's biography of the full text of Xie Lingyun's "Mountain Residence Fu" provide materials for the study of the big landlord manor.

It can also be seen from the records of Song Shu that the peasant uprising at that time was not only large in number, but also wide in area and large in scale. For example, in the first year of Jingping (A.D. 423), an uprising led by Sun Fa-guang in Fuyang took place (Biography of Chu Shu Du Fu in Shaodiji).

In the 9th year of Yuanjia (AD 432), Zhao Guang of Guanghan led an uprising of more than 100,000 people. The Rebels besieged Chengdu, Yizhou Prefecture, for several months (attached to Moon Hee and Liu Cui's younger brother, Dojo).

In addition, in the early years of Yuanjia, there were also ethnic uprisings in Xichuan and Danchuan. By the end of Yuanjia, the uprising of ethnic minorities in Jing, Yong, Yu and other places was more frequent, and the number of people participating in the uprising grew to more than one million (Yi Man Chuan, Chuan, Zhi Chuan, etc. ).

Although these records are extremely inadequate and seriously distorted, they provide clues for us to study class contradictions and class struggles at that time.

In addition, Xie Lingyun's Biography of Song Shu and his historical theory at the end of the article talk about the development and evolution of literature since Wei and Jin Dynasties and Shen Yue's own views on poetic temperament, which are all important materials for studying the history of literary criticism in the Six Dynasties.

The Biography of Barbarians also aptly describes the friendly economic and cultural exchanges between China and Asian peoples in the early Southern Dynasties.

In the Eight Records of the Book of Song Dynasty, some records are desirable, such as the full text of Yang Weili's calendar at the beginning of the scene, the full text of He Cheng's calendar in Yuanjia, and the calendar of Daming Zu Chongzhi, all of which can reflect the natural science level at that time.

The Book of Songs preserves many Yuefu poems of Han and Wei Dynasties. The Records of Counties and Counties describes in detail the geographical evolution of the southern region since the Three Kingdoms and the distribution of overseas Chinese in counties and counties since the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Moreover, in the name of each county, the number of accounts is recorded. Although these figures are not accurate and reliable, they give people a general outline of the population distribution in the south at that time.

In the long-term spreading process, many books of the Song Dynasty have been lost. In the Northern Song Dynasty, some pages or whole volumes were missing. According to Huang Shuo at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty; "Shen Yue" Song Shu "one hundred volumes, at the end of Jiayou, sent a letter to the pavilion for school death, beginning as a scholar.

There are many remnants, or mixed with li yanshou's southern history. "("Mountain Collection "Volume 12" Reading Song Shu ") According to the previous research and what we have observed in the process of sorting out, there are pages missing in Volume 4 of Song Shu, which will be filled by later generations. The forty-sixth volume, except for Yan Zhichuan, was supplemented by later generations with books such as Nan Shi.

There are sixty-two biographies of Zhang Fu and fifty-nine biographies of ZhangChang, but those who make up the vacancy failed to pass the inspection of the whole book, and the biographies of Zhang Fu and ZhangChang after Biography of Southern History of Zhang Shao are also recorded together. In this way, The Book of Song Dynasty has two biographies of Zhang Fu and two biographies of ZhangChang. Volume 76 is the biography of his son Wang, and the original volume is also missing, which was later supplemented by later books such as Southern History.

Another example is the story of Shen Liang in the Preface to Shen Yue, volume 100. Under the condition of "only caring about joint affairs and worrying about the same position", every book is marked with the word "que", and the word "que" is also marked under Park You Zi Yue. When telling Shen's story, the word "que" was also marked under "the late emperor was in the country". There are many similar situations in the book.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Shu