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The origin of the dispute over the island of Ama in Britain

The sovereignty dispute between Britain and Tsushima Island has a long history. According to historical records, Mashima was discovered in16th century, but there are different opinions about who discovered it and when. A believes that 1520, the Portuguese Gomez of Magellan expedition first discovered Falklands. Britain thinks it was first discovered by the British navigator Davis in August 1592. When John Strong, an Englishman, came to the island in 1690, he discovered the strait between the east and west islands and named it "Falkland Strait". Since then, Britain has called the island "Falkland Islands". 1764, the French established a residential area in East Island and named it "Marjone Islands".

1770, Spain occupied the island and called it "Malvinas Islands". 18 16 Argentina declared its independence from Spanish rule, declared its succession to Tsushima Island's sovereignty, and designated Mashima as the 24th province of Argentina. Four years later, the Afghan navy planted a national flag at the top of the fortress on Soledad Island, declaring full sovereignty over the island.

On the grounds that the island was first discovered by the British, Britain sent troops to occupy the West Island and the East Island in 1832 and 1833 respectively. In order to show their sovereignty, the British set up the governor's office and other administrative agencies on the island, immigrated to the island and squeezed out the indigenous people on the island. Since then, the island has become a British colony. But Albania never gave up Tsushima Island's sovereignty claim.

From 65438 to 0958, the dispute between Britain and Albania over the Falklands was brought to the United Nations, which adopted resolutions four times, demanding that Britain and Albania resolve the dispute through negotiations. Because neither side wants to retreat from its own position, this kind of negotiation can only be marathon, and Britain has controlled the island for more than 100 years.

1On February 26th, 982, the negotiations between Britain and Argentina on the Falklands resumed, but this time, the Argentines obviously lost patience and confidence in the negotiations, and they had no expectations for what was on the negotiating table. Their willingness to negotiate is just a deliberate smoke bomb. At this time, the Afghan military is quietly preparing an action plan code-named "Rosario". They were determined to fight back with blows and regain sovereignty over Malaysia by force, so the war between Britain and Oman broke out, which shocked the world.

Second, the war between Britain and Oman.

On March 1982 and 18, some Argentines went to Liangang, South Georgia, to dismantle the old machines of a whale processing factory, but they were made difficult by the British garrison. Most of them were prevented from landing, while some Arabs broke through the barrier and boarded the island, and erected the Arab flag on the island. After learning this, Britain protested strongly to Afghanistan and sent 40 marines to "restore order". Albania refuses to make concessions and is determined to completely resolve the sovereignty dispute over the Falkland Islands. The Argentine navy quickly dispatched two missile frigates to South Georgia Island, arrested 22 British troops and 13 British expedition members on the island, and raised the Argentine flag again. After hearing the news, Britain sent two warships and 1 submarines to Falklands. Just as the two sides were at loggerheads, it was reported that Albanian naval vessels were heading north to Uruguay to hold joint exercises with the Ukrainian navy. However, on the evening of March 3 1, the Argentine navy suddenly withdrew from the exercise, turned south, and sailed to the island at full speed to implement the "Rosario" plan. It turned out that this was a feint by the Afghan navy before the war. Only then did the British people exclaim "cheated"? British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher hastily informed defense and diplomatic officials to discuss countermeasures at the Prime Minister's residence. At the same time, a fleet on duty in the Strait of Gibraltar was sent to the Falkland Islands for reinforcements. In addition, Margaret Thatcher sent a letter to US President Ronald Reagan, demanding that the United States stop Albania from occupying the Falklands. But at this time, the Afghan military has an imminent threat and can't help it.

At dawn on April 2, more than 5,000 Afghan soldiers suddenly landed on the island. The British troops stationed on the island resisted for only a few hours and then declared unconditional surrender. Frustrated, the Governor of the Falkland Islands took British civil and military officials aboard a military plane that the Afghan army had already prepared for them, first went to Uruguay, and then flew back to China. The next day, Afghan troops landed on South Georgia Island, and the British troops on the island announced their surrender. The Albanian government issued a communique to the whole country, announcing the recovery of Falklands. The people of the whole country are excited and immersed in the joy of victory.

In contrast, the British government and people are in an uproar. On April 3, the British House of Commons held a meeting to discuss the grim situation. Many lawmakers accused the government of "selling out" the island. Some people even said, "I would rather lose five Northern Ireland than one Falkland?" Britain established a "wartime cabinet" and decided to deploy two-thirds of the total naval force to the island to form a special mixed fleet. At this point, the two sides assumed a posture of decisive battle at sea. Albania: 34 naval vessels of various types, main battle vessel 18; 223 air force combat aircraft, of which 154 can be used for combat; 49 naval combat aircraft; The Afghan army's troops guarding the island are 1 Marine Corps Brigade and three infantry brigades, with about1.5000 troops. Britain: The task force has11ships, including 44 battle ships, 22 auxiliary ships, 45 merchant ships, 20 amphibious transport ships, 28 ship-borne harriers and 14 air force harriers. It is worth pointing out that the task force also includes aircraft carriers Invincible and Competitive God and two nuclear-powered submarines. The British Ministry of Defence called it "the largest task force except the two superpowers". The Afghan navy, which mainly buys cheap old western warships, is not at the same level as British ships. In view of this, the Afghan navy had to shrink in its own coastal waters. To make matters worse, when the "Iron Lady" put all her bets on Falklands and declared that "Falkland has become my life and my blood", Albanian President Garti admitted that "I never dreamed that Margaret Thatcher would send such a huge task force for a desert island, and Wan Li came all the way to the South Atlantic". The commander-in-chief has such a mentality, and the combat readiness of the troops can be imagined. War is imminent, but Albania still thinks that Britain "really can't fight?" Obviously, at the beginning of the war, it actually decided the outcome of both sides. Just as the two sides were about to go to war, the "just" Americans came out to mediate. The United States is an ally of NATO, and the degree of "justice" of Americans is geometric. As long as you are not mentally retarded, you can guess.

Since April 7th, US Secretary of State Haig has frequently shuttled between Britain, Afghanistan and American capitals to mediate, but neither side is willing to retreat from its original position. Albania is well aware that Americans are biased against Britain. Haig's so-called "seven-point" new proposal, including considering the "wishes" of the island residents, is naturally unacceptable. Because the residents of the island are descendants of the British, it is obviously only beneficial to Britain to consider the "wishes" of the residents. A couldn't help but reject this "new proposal", and American mediation failed. On April 29th, the United States and Israel rejected the American proposal, renounced "neutrality" and supported Britain instead. They not only imposed sanctions on Afghanistan, but also allowed the British to use the air base and other military equipment on Ascension Island in the United States to provide information to the British, and made communication satellites a relay station for British communications. Knowing all this, the Albanian President was saddened and told the United States that he was "very sad, I would say, deceiving others too much". At this point, war is inevitable.

On April 26th, the British task force first captured South Georgia Island, and on the 30th, it completed the deployment of air and sea blockade within 200 nautical miles around Tsushima Island. Immediately, the British Ministry of Defence announced that all planes and ships entering the 200-nautical-mile restricted area around the island will be attacked from April 30, 2000 GMT 1 1. Ajun has also entered the highest alert state. On may 1 day, the British task force arrived in the sea east of the island in the vast fog. A strategic bomber named "Vulcan", after refueling in the air, flew 5000 kilometers and flew to the island at 4: 30 in the morning, dropping 2 1 bomb, weighing 1 000 pounds. At the same time, planes taking off from British aircraft carriers also violently attacked Afghan positions. On the afternoon of May 2, the British nuclear submarine "Conqueror" fired three torpedoes at the flagship cruiser "General Belges" of Albanian navy at 36 nautical miles outside the 200 nautical mile restricted area, and two of them hit the target. The cruiser sank 45 minutes later, and 32 1 soldiers were killed and missing. The next day, Britain sank the Argentine patrol boat "Sobral" with seagull missiles on the north side of the island. In the face of successive victories, British officers and men began to be complacent. Little did they know that a nightmare was creeping up on them.

In the face of the British aggressive offensive, A Jun vowed to avenge himself. Galtieri turned his attention to five "flying fish" missiles purchased from France. On the morning of May 4th, around 1 1, the British cruiser "Sheffield" was cruising leisurely in the waters near the Falkland Islands. At that time, it was called the "most modern large warship" of the Royal Navy for only seven years, and it had a very advanced radar system. As long as the Argentine plane takes off from its native land, it can't escape its eyes. Therefore, the British officers and men on board are carefree, some are washing clothes, and some are chatting. At this time, the "Super Flag" fighter plane carried by Argentina's "May 25th" aircraft carrier used the curve of the earth to fly at ultra-low altitude, and 300 kilometers away, the Argentine "Super Flag" fighter-bomber that had locked the cruiser "Sheffield" took off quietly with two "flying fish" missiles. When the plane approached the warning zone of "Sheffield" radar, it suddenly dropped to an altitude of 40 to 50 meters, and then turned off the airborne radar to continue flying. At around 12: 20, Chaoqi successfully entered the effective missile launching area. 32 kilometers away from the Sheffield, two flying fish missiles were launched with Argentine revenge anger. Among them, 1 "Flying Fish" successfully evaded the British air defense system and hit the target accurately. The explosion caused a fire, and after five hours of desperate rescue, the officers and men of the British ship had to abandon the ship and escape. In this way, the "Sheffield" with a cost as high as $65.438 +0.5 billion was sunk by the "Flying Fish" missile with a cost of only $300,000, which dealt a heavy blow to the arrogant British army. On May 2nd, 12, Afghan Air Force 12 Skyhawk fighters severely damaged the British frigates "Broadsword" and "Huamei" in three batches.

On the morning of May 2 1, the British army began to land on the island and set up landing points. Afghan air force and naval air force roared and attacked British ships, shooting down five British planes and hitting eight British ships, among which 1 frigate was sunk.

May 25th is Argentina's National Day, and the Argentine army launched a large-scale air raid on the British army. On this day, two "Super Flag" fighters carrying "Flying Fish" missiles took off from Argentina and flew to the British aircraft carrier cruising over the northeast of Falklands 100 nautical mile. Their goal is to blow up the British aircraft carrier. After approaching the predetermined target area, the Afghan pilot found a big pulse bright spot on the radar screen of the aircraft, and he decided that this was the British aircraft carrier. Therefore, the Afghan pilot did not hesitate to press the missile launch button. Two "flying fish" missiles flew to enemy ships at the same time, and one of them hit the target accurately. After the huge explosion, the British ship appeared a strong flame, and after a while, it slowly sank to the bottom of the sea. Afterwards, the Afghan army learned that the British ship they bombed was not a British aircraft carrier, but a transport ship named "Atlantic aircraft carrier", which was about the same size as the aircraft carrier. Despite this, the British army also suffered heavy losses. Three of the only four Chinook heavy helicopters, 1 squadron Wessex support helicopter, and a large number of supply equipment were also sunk, and six British Harrier fighters were also buried at the bottom of the sea. Aji sank the British destroyer Coventry again.

After a series of attacks, the British gradually realized the power of the "flying fish" missile. Woodward ordered all ships to leave the Falkland Islands and the coast of Argentina to avoid new attacks. At the beginning of the Falklands War, Argentina ordered nine missiles from France in addition to the five "flying fish" missiles it already had. However, with the progress of the war, French President Mitterrand ordered not to sell flying fish missiles to Argentina at the request of the British government. This made the Argentine government feel very nervous and forced to seek indirect acquisition of "flying fish" missiles from other countries. Argentina learned through the intelligence department that eight "flying fish" missiles ordered by Peru from France will arrive soon. As a result, the Argentine government began to hope to buy these missiles from Peru at a high price through various channels. After hearing the news, the French government deliberately found various excuses to delay the delivery time, and did not deliver the missile to the Peruvian government until the end of the war, which aborted Argentina's plan to buy the "flying fish" missile from a third country. If there is no "flying fish" missile, Argentina will have no capital to confront Britain and the situation will be reversed.

In order to completely defeat the Afghan army, the British army began to land on the island on May 27th. On May 29th, the British army captured the very important Darwin Harbour, killing 250 Afghan soldiers, capturing 1 4,000 people, and seizing a lot of ammunition and other military supplies. In the next few days, the Afghan army was losing ground. On June 8th, galtieri, in order to save the troops guarding the island, put all your eggs in one basket and ordered the remaining air power to launch a large-scale air raid on the British army. Results 180 more British troops were killed. Aji was brave enough to sink three large landing ships, including the British "Sir galahad", and hit the frigate "Plymouth" hard. Although the Afghan air force performed well, the army did not perform well in front of Afghans.

Although the British army suffered heavy losses, it was still determined to seize the island. Tsushima Island consists of West Island and East Island, a 2? In a strait 6-8 nautical miles wide, the west island has weak defense and the east island has strong defense. That night, 3,000 British troops boarded the passenger ship Queen Elizabeth II, bringing the number of British troops on the island to 8,000, equipped with 30 heavy guns and 20 tanks. On June 1 1, the British army began to launch a general attack, and captured Mount Harriet and Mount Langton, which are 0/5 km away from Argentine Port/kloc-0, the capital of the island, before dawn on June 12. 13 night, the British attacked again. The British army broke through the junction of east and west islands, avoided the front, and then pushed eastward, converging in two ways and occupying the whole island. The fierce fighting continued until June 14. The Afghan army fought alone and suffered heavy losses. Seeing that the general trend was gone, the Afghan high command telegraphed that the garrison on the island could move freely "without damaging the honor of the army and domestic policies". By noon on 14, the British army had advanced to a place about 4 kilometers away from the city. A white flag was raised in the Argentine port. In the afternoon, the field commanders of the two sides met and reached an informal ceasefire agreement. When the commander of the Afghan army signed the ceasefire agreement of "unconditional" surrender proposed by the British side, although the word "unconditional" was ticked off, it was a shameful day for the Afghan army. At this point, the 74-day Falklands War finally ended.

The smoke of Falklands War has dispersed, but the warning it left to future generations continues. In this battle of blood and fire, despite the cost of British casualties of more than 1000 and the huge expenditure of $2.7 billion, it seems that nothing has been gained except saving face. Nominal defeat did not make the Argentines give up their struggle for Tsushima Island's sovereignty. After the war, they designated June 10 every year as "Falklands Sovereignty Day". Some western media commented: "This is a war without winners and only losers." Even the famous British journalist Hanrahan said with emotion, "It was a long and sometimes dangerous journey before we got there. After paying a heavy price, not to mention whether these costs are really valuable, we won the war without any solution. The war did not quell the dispute of sovereignty over Tsushima Island between the two countries. On the contrary, the war has made the two countries farther apart and deeper hatred. "