Problems of Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers in Hongshan District of Chifeng City

The so-called "three rural issues", agriculture, rural areas and farmers.

In fact, this is the trinity of residence, industry and subject identity, and the focus of three different measures must be considered comprehensively. As a big agricultural country, China's "three rural issues" are related to the national, economic development, social stability and national prosperity.

Agricultural problems are mainly agricultural industrialization. Market economy is a market-oriented economic form. The market allocates resources, the procurement and sales system is poor, and agriculture is an important reason why agriculture cannot develop rapidly. I often hear peasant brothers complain that things can't be sold or sold too cheaply. The fundamental reason is that they didn't follow the market rules. In the market economy, it is a good measure to integrate production, supply and agriculture, and the party and government play a key role in creating the chain of production, supply and sales. Another problem of agricultural industrialization is that China's agriculture is basically a self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy without economies of scale. After joining WTO, how to deal with the challenge of intensive agriculture abroad? As a big agricultural country, China is facing severe problems. In the future, we should liberate surplus labor, speed up agricultural mechanization, improve agricultural labor productivity, give up self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy and meet the challenge of WTO.

The outstanding performance of rural problems is the reform of household registration system. In the past, the household registration system between urban and rural areas was divided into two, which caused great differences in economic development and cultural level between urban and rural areas. The household registration system under the planned economy system has always been a top-down management, and theorists who are building a socialist market economy system unanimously question it. The unreasonable system of household registration system reform rising in various places is "cutting the knife", hoping to further liberate the rural surplus labor force. However, foresight: after the reform of the household registration system, the liberated surplus labor force was formed without reasonable resettlement and easing the security of immigrants, which caused considerable pressure. Therefore, the steps of urbanization need to be controlled, and small towns need to eliminate the binary opposition between urban and rural areas and reform the household registration system.

Farmers can be divided into two issues: quality and burden reduction. The quality of farmers mainly refers to cultural quality. According to statistics, by the end of 2000, China's compulsory education and compulsory education population coverage rate reached 85%, and rural population accounted for the majority of the population not covered by compulsory education. At the same time, the family planning policy also has some resistance in rural areas. Under the guidance of wrong ideas, herding sheep and herding sheep also makes "Yes" fall into a vicious circle of "the poorer the students are". It takes ten years to grow trees, but it takes a hundred years to nurture people. If people with certain cultural qualities do not compete and supply power? Therefore, an important measure to improve the quality of farmers is to be rich and strong. BR p> Another major problem for farmers is to reduce the burden. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have repeatedly stressed the need to reduce farmers' burden, but in some places it is "not prohibited"-farmers' burden has led to farmers' resistance to paying state taxes and collective petitions. The increase of farmers' income directly affects their heavy burden. One of the important reasons is that the government reform is not strong enough, and some local government departments are still "managed by a few people." Therefore, to reduce the burden on farmers, we must first consider and strengthen institutional adjustment, reduce staff and increase efficiency, and increase farmers' income.

China is a big agricultural country, with a rural population of nearly 90 billion, accounting for 70% of the national population, and an agricultural population of 7 million, accounting for 50 1% of the total industrial population. The problems concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers must consider the development of agricultural system, and the coordinated development among the three major industries must be considered when solving the problems. The solution of the material problems of the relationship between agriculture, rural areas and farmers and the expectation of farmers' brothers are major events for the party and the government.

We must solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which are related to the whole national economy. Developing agriculture and rural economy and increasing farmers' income are the primary tasks of economic work. The problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers are closely related to capital investment, but the problems existing in the financial system reform in recent years have weakened the rural economy and county economy to a considerable extent, especially in rural areas, where economic credit is relatively lacking in support of the investment system. The agricultural industry itself also affects its flowing financial capital, which is not conducive to the development of rural economy. ,

The agricultural economy has not formed a large-scale operation, and the infrastructure is weak, so it is difficult to accommodate more financial funds.

China's agricultural system is a household contract responsibility system, which can only accommodate a small amount of agricultural loan funds. First of all, in this business model, farmers' assets are very small, and you can't bear greater credit risks. This operation restricts deep processing, efficient agriculture and agricultural development, and farmers do not need more loans. Therefore, there are three situations in rural credit cooperatives: first, many rural credit cooperatives have difficulties in payment due to many problems in history, and the impact of financial risks is relatively large, so they have no money to support agriculture; Second, they are part of the deposits of rural credit cooperatives, not in agriculture, and their funds are idle; Third, some commercial banks that have actually been cut down, in city commercial banks, do not dispute loans and do not want to support agriculture.

Suggestions on Financial Solutions to the Problems of Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers

& gt The financial system supports agriculture, but its support for county economy is relatively insufficient. Then, from the financial point of view, how to solve the "three rural issues"?

(1) Agricultural policy financial institutions should resume their business of supporting agriculture as soon as possible, and at the same time adopt a proactive fiscal policy and increase their support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. They don't want to pay the price, which is unrealistic. However, if we have a good financial management policy to reduce human errors and corruption, our losses will be less and we will get the maximum social benefits at the lowest cost. The policy of supporting "agriculture, countryside and farmers" has entered a state. In order to establish a new policy, fiscal and financial compensation mechanism, the policy financial situation allows the country to have financial resources, not only to make up for the loss of fund discount and bad debts, but also to solve the policy financial risks without hoarding too many risks.

(2) Actively guide and promote fiscal and commercial financial policies, and increase support for agriculture, agricultural high-tech, large-scale industrialization and deep processing projects of agricultural and sideline products. With the support of existing policies and finance, a certain production capacity has been formed, and commercial and financial matching funds have been provided in time. Only by keeping the loan-to-deposit ratio of non-credit less than that of commercial and financial outlets for a long time will it be forced to withdraw from the market and restrain a large amount of funds from being withdrawn from rural reality.

(3) Support the healthy development of rural credit cooperatives and enhance their ability to support agriculture. Historical burden. Rural credit cooperatives should be effectively solved, and the central finance and local finance should share the responsibility. Our idea is that rural credit cooperatives are state-owned financial institutions and will not enjoy the same treatment. If we don't understand the history of rural credit cooperatives, the result is that rural credit cooperatives with increasing risks will not only be very unfavorable to the development of rural economy, but also lead to the collapse of rural financial system and even lead to a national financial disaster.

(D) Organizing postal savings funds is mainly to cultivate "agriculture, countryside and farmers" through policy finance, because most of the postal savings deposits at and below the county level are mainly in rural areas. This part of funds should support county-level economic finance, especially rural economy, increase rural credit cooperatives' re-loans to support agriculture, improve support for agriculture, help promote rural economic development, narrow the gap between the rich and the poor, expand domestic demand, and thus contribute to the healthy development of the national economy.

(5) appropriately change the agricultural production mode and carry out large-scale industrial production in order to attract more funds and improve the efficiency of capital use. The household contract responsibility system in rural areas liberated the productive forces and played a huge role. At the beginning of the reform, opening to the outside world mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers. However, in rural areas, the household contract responsibility system can only solve the problem of farmers' food and clothing, but not the problem of farmers. The rural household contract responsibility system has the following shortcomings under the market economy: First, it is not conducive to the influence of mechanized production, and further improving labor productivity is not conducive to the popularization and application of science and technology. Small-scale household farmers have no funds for scientific research, and scientific research institutions have developed a new technology, which is difficult to popularize; Third, it is difficult to adapt to the changing market demand. Farmers' production, often the products produced can not find the market, but in the mode of company plus farmers, it is a link after all. Whether farmers are disloyal when the market changes or the company is disloyal; Fourth, it is not conducive to agricultural development and deep processing of agricultural and sideline products, which some agricultural and sideline products processing enterprises can't do, mainly because it is difficult to have a stable source, quality and quantity of raw materials. Why, it is difficult for a farmer to guarantee the quality and quantity of production. The above four problems are the main problems in production in market economy. If these problems are not solved, there will be no qualitative breakthrough in rural economy. Even if financial reconstruction and rural financial system reform are carried out to improve rural areas' support for rural economy, no efforts are made to improve investment in rural areas. This is a good investment environment and attracts more funds. Only a small amount of effective investment will eventually lead to more non-performing assets. Therefore, on the basis of farmers' willingness, farmers who form large-scale industrial production by re-contracting land can understand a certain land contracting fee, they can do other sideline businesses and release low labor productivity into the air.