Information about Hong Kong and Macao before and now

History of Macao [ancestors' footprints existed 5000 years ago] Painted pottery and jade unearthed in recent years in Macao, especially the black sand dunes around the island 10 years ago and 1995, were identified as precious ancient cultural relics four or five years ago. Stone tools such as stone axes unearthed at the same time belong to the same cultural system as similar cultural relics unearthed in Zhuhai, not far from Macao in recent years. Macau, Green Ring Road, Heisha and other places have long been the footprints of Chinese mainland aborigines. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, ancient residents lived in these areas. Therefore, among the cultural relics unearthed in Macao and Zhuhai, there are reeds and pots in the Spring and Autumn Period and pottery in the Warring States Period. [China people settled in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty] Within a thousand years, although there were people in Macau, it was only a place where ships moored with the monsoon. It is speculated that China people settled in Macau Peninsula when the Southern Song Dynasty was overthrown. When hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians arrived in Macao by boat in the Southern Song Dynasty, some may set foot on this peninsula to draw fresh water and look for food, and some may even turn this desolate place into a hiding place. Convene the Shalitou Land Temple named "Yongfu Ancient Society" in Macao Peninsula, which is said to have been built in the late Southern Song Dynasty. From the end of the Southern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Xia, Jingxing and other places on the Macau Peninsula have been settlements. [Portuguese will have Marco Temple in Australia in the future] During the Ming Chenghua period, residents living in Putian, Quanzhou, Fujian and Chaoshan, Guangdong raised funds to build Marco Temple. Mage Temple was first built in Niangmageli, formerly known as Haijue Temple. The mage temple has a history of more than 500 years. Portuguese merchant ships first came to Australia, docked at the Mage Temple and asked the residents about the place names. It is said that the name "Macao" came from this, which is actually the voice of a mother in Fujian dialect. Ma Ge Temple is the Tianhou Temple and the first of the three ancient temples in Macao. Before the Portuguese came to Australia, there was already a mage temple here, and there were already Chinese living in Australia. [Formation of the Macao Issue] Macao has been the territory of China since ancient times. The Macao issue was caused by the corruption and incompetence of China feudal dynasty and the invasion of foreign powers. 1535, the Portuguese obtained the right to dock in Macao and trade; 1553, Portugal entered Macao to live on the grounds of exposing water-stained goods on board and bribing local officials in China; From 65438 to 0557, they paid a certain amount of silver rent to local officials in China every year in exchange for the qualification to live in Macau. 1840 When the Opium War broke out, the late Qing government of China was forced to cede territory and pay reparations under the aggression of western powers. The Portuguese government also took the opportunity to attack. 1845, Portugal issued a decree, publicly declared Macao a "free port", refused to pay the land rent, forcibly seized the door, expelled China officials, and kidnapped China soldiers. In 185 1 and 1864, the X and the Green Ring Islands were forcibly included in its jurisdiction, thus gradually completing the occupation of Macao. 1887, Portugal and the Qing government of China signed the unequal Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Friendship and Trade, forcing the Qing government to allow Portugal to "permanently administer Macao". However, after many talks, no agreement has been reached on the demarcation issues involved in the treaty. 1928, when the Sino-Portuguese treaty of friendship and trade expired for the fourth time, the Kuomintang government of China sent a note to the Portuguese government, announcing the suspension of the treaty and signing a new Sino-Portuguese treaty of friendship and trade. The new treaty does not mention the Macao issue, and the status quo of Portugal's occupation of Macao has not changed. 1955, Portugal promulgated the Organic Law of Macao's Overseas Provinces, and regarded Macao as its "overseas colony" without authorization. 1974, an anti-fascist coup took place in Portugal, giving up all overseas colonies and recognizing Macao as the territory of China. 1976 promulgated the Constitution of Macao, stipulating that Macao is a special administrative region under Portuguese rule and enjoys administrative, economic, financial and legislative autonomy. 1979 China and Portugal established diplomatic relations, and the two sides reached an agreement on Macao: Macao is the territory of China and is currently administered by Portugal; The Macao issue is an issue left over from history, and China and Portugal will settle it through friendly consultations at an appropriate time. [Macao is not a colony! The so-called colony usually means that an independent country loses its due sovereignty because it is occupied and ruled by other countries, thus becoming a subordinate country of other countries. For example, Angola was occupied by Portugal and became a Portuguese colony. Although Macao was also occupied and ruled by Portugal, it is well known that Macao has been a part of China territory since ancient times, and the China government naturally enjoys sacred sovereignty over Macao. This fact will never change because Portugal occupied Macao or the Qing government signed an unequal treaty with Portugal, nor will it change because Portugal unilaterally regards Macao as its "overseas province". This shows that the concept of colony obviously does not apply to Macao. 1On March 8, 972, Huang Hua, Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations, wrote to the Chairman of the United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization, pointing out: "Hongkong and Macao are the result of a series of unequal treaties imposed on China by imperialism left over from history. Hongkong and Macau are part of China territory occupied by British and Portuguese authorities. The settlement of the Hong Kong and Macao issues is entirely within the scope of China's sovereignty and does not belong to the usual' colony' category. " This position reflects the consistent attitude of the Government of China and has been widely supported by the international community.