Ningxiang immigration bureau

The origin of Ningxiang and Huxiang culture has experienced more than 1000 years of historical evolution. Since ancient times, Ningxiang has gathered many humanities, created many achievements that have attracted worldwide attention, and formed a local culture with distinctive local characteristics and profound cultural accumulation. It is an important part of Huxiang cultural family and plays an important role in the process of Chinese national civilization.

The development of history

Ningxiang is an old revolutionary base area, located in central Hunan, bordering Wangcheng, Xiangtan and Shaoshan in the east and southeast. South and southwest border Loudi and Xiangxiang; West and Lianyuan, Anhua border; Taojiang and Yiyang are connected to the north. Ancient Ningxiang belonged to Jingchu in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, in central Guizhou, Changsha County, Qin Wei. Analysis of Yiyang County in the Three Kingdoms Period (AD 257) Yiyang County was partly located in Xinyang County, which belonged to Hengyang County, and the county seat was located in Erli, northeast of Changqiao (now Li Mao Village, Hengshi Town). In the first year of Jin Taikang (AD 280), it was renamed as Xinkang County, and the county moved to Lengshuipu (now Five Blessingg Village, Baimaqiao Township). In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 589), he entered Yiyang County. Re-analysis of Yiyang Xinkang in the fourth year of Tang Wude (AD 622). In the second year of Song Taizong's Taiping and Xingguo (AD 977), Yiyang, Changsha and parts of Xiangxiang were analyzed. Ningxiang county is set as "local peace", Yutan town is set as county governance, and Tan Lifu Changsha county is set. Ethan Hu Guang Xing Zhongshu Hunan Road Xuanwei Temple Tianlin Road. Li Ming, Hu Guang, Zheng Shi, Changsha Prefecture. Qing was transferred to Changsha, Hunan. During the Republic of China, Ningxiang was placed under the Fifth Administrative Office of Hunan Province. After the founding of New China, Ningxiang was once under the jurisdiction of Yiyang and Xiangtan, and 1983 was under the jurisdiction of Changsha. Now it belongs to Changsha City, and the county people's government is stationed in Chengguan Town (now Yutan Town). Ningxiang County has a history of 1000 years since it was founded in the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the history of Ningxiang, the affiliation is constantly changing, and the folk customs and folk culture exchanges between regions for thousands of years have made the local culture of Ningxiang present diversified characteristics. This feature undoubtedly shows that Ningxiang's cultural heritage is profound and dignified. After thousands of years of reproduction and development, it still shines in the Huxiang cultural family.

Ningxiang culture and Huxiang culture are both regional cultures. Huxiang culture is a regional historical and cultural form with distinctive characteristics, relative stability and inheritance, with its own stable cultural characteristics and its own time and space scope. In space, it refers to the regional culture within the regional scope of Hunan Province, and in time, it is a regional cultural form constructed after the Song Dynasty and continued to modern times. Huxiang culture in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties belongs to another historical and cultural form-Chu culture. Qu Yuan's poetic art, Mawangdui's historical relics and Ningxiang's bronzes all have distinctive Chu cultural characteristics. Chu culture in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties has an important influence on Huxiang culture constructed after the Song Dynasty, and it is one of the sources of Huxiang culture. Since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to historical changes and development, especially after several large-scale immigrants in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Hunan scholars have undergone important changes in population, customs, fashion and ideas. Moreover, the geographical environment of mountains and lakes, the developed agricultural economy and the integration of national cultures in Huxiang area have formed a unique regional culture, thus combining and constructing a new regional culture, namely Huxiang culture. Ningxiang is geographically located in the middle of Hunan, and the Ningxiang people who live in it also have the characteristics of simplicity, self-improvement, "overbearing, hard-working and hard-working", which deeply branded her from head to toe and from the inside out in the development of Huxiang culture.

The migration of population has caused the mutual reference between the two places and the harmonious development and division of culture. According to the records of Ningxiang County in the Republic of China, from the Five Dynasties to the later Tang Dynasty, from Hongwu to Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty and Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, many people moved into Ningxiang from Jiangxi and Jiangsu. Peng Qiutan, a Tujia poet in Qingganlong, Sichuan, described in Fifty Poems on Bamboo Branches in Changyang: "Ningxiang is near Wushan Gorge, just like Ba Niang singing bamboo branches". This poem describes the influence of Ningxiang people on the formation of Xinchuan culture during the immigration of "Huguang filling Sichuan" for more than a hundred years in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Yi Shunding's Poems on Bamboo Branches in the Three Gorges in the late Qing Dynasty describes: "What are the distant mountains and waters? There are many broken souls in the sound of bamboo branches. Qianwu Gorge is connected with Baxia Gorge, and a Chongqing song meets the Chu song. Chuck holds the piano in a boat, and the green roses are deep in the thousand peaks and the moon. Don't play the Three Gorges Liuquan Exercise (Exercise: Qinqu), there is the sound of mourning for the cold geese. " This poem points out that due to geographical proximity, the cultures of Shu and Chu influence each other. "Wuxia meets the dam, and Chongqing songs meet Chu songs" geographically connects the two places. In addition, immigrants have had a profound impact on Bashu's politics, economy and culture, which led to the two places learning from each other in a certain period of time. The migration of people from different places in the past dynasties has led to the blending of different national cultures, cultural integration and integration in blending, and fission in integration and integration. Huxiang culture learns from each other's strong points in mutual blending, and gradually forms a unique regional culture with local characteristics in the long evolution process. Zhou's Shuanglong Dance, a municipal intangible cultural heritage in Ningxiang, was first spread in Sichuan, and was brought back to Shijiawan, Datunying Township, Ningxiang by a dragon dance team formed by Zhou Dawu, a famous actress from Jianchang, Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty. After more than 100 years of inheritance and development, it has gradually become a traditional cultural and entertainment activity in Ningxiang to celebrate the Spring Festival. It is in this historical deduction process that the local culture of Ningxiang has been continuously integrated with the surrounding culture, and gradually established its unique position under the background of the development and changes of Huxiang culture in ancient and modern times.

The academic exchanges between academies in the past dynasties have reorganized Ningxiang's unique local culture and formed a unique regional culture. In the distinctive Huxiang School in the Neo-Confucianism camp of the Song Dynasty, many scholars spread the essence of Huxiang culture to Ningxiang, pushing the local culture of Ningxiang to a new height. Hu Hong, founder of Neo-Confucianism, built a lecture room at the foot of Lingfeng Mountain in Shaoxing (A.D.11-162) and named it Lingfeng Academy, which officially influenced the authenticity of Huxiang culture in Ningxiang. In addition, the Huxiang School, known as the "most prosperous school of Huxiang Studies" and half of Ningxiang people, is Zhang Wei (the existing tomb of Zhang Wei and his son in Guanshan). Zhang Wei is an outstanding representative of Huxiang School and the founder of Yuelu Academy. The scholar of the martial arts school once said: "A taste is remembered by Mr. Zhang, and the important thing is to cultivate one's morality." After crossing Huxiang, he knows where he is going. " Huang Zongxi pointed out: "Xiang School was the most prosperous at that time." Zhang Wei's thought not only influenced the development of Huxiang culture in the past thousand years, but also played an important role in Neo-Confucianism. Zhang Wei once went to Yuelu Academy in Changsha and Yunshan Academy in Ningxiang to give lectures and publicize Huxiang theory, which made him famous for a while. During the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1524), the Academy was built beside Zhang Wei's tomb, and Emperor Jiajing gave the book plaque "Nanxuan Bookstore". Since then, Ningxiang students have a foundation for Huxiang theory.

There are also many people in the history of Ningxiang, who have inherited and pushed the local culture of Ningxiang to another height with their wisdom and hard work and their sincere, studious and tenacious nature. As early as the Five Dynasties, there was a monk Miracle (860-937) in Ningxiang. His poems with the title of Poem Capsule were famous in the whole Tang Dynasty, including the Collection of White Lotus. Today, The Whole Tang Poetry records ten volumes of his poems. Pei Xiu was appointed as my ambassador in the tenth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (856), and he was stationed in Tanzhou (now Yutan Town) and donated money to build Miyin Temple in Weishan. Yi Jian, the top scholar in the 12th year of Song Dynasty (1 185), was the official founder of Ningxiang, Li Shangshu. There are dozens of works handed down from generation to generation, such as Gong Yuhe's Rites, Zhouyi Tongyi, Mountain House Collection and so on. Wang Fuzhi, a thinker and writer in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wang Wenqing, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, Huang Benji, a historian in the Qing Dynasty, and Wang Lingbo, dean of Yunshan Academy, which is known as the cradle of revolution in Ningxiang, gradually laid a solid foundation for Ningxiang in Huxiang culture. He Shuheng, the founder of China, is famous in history. President People's Republic of China (PRC) and China Academy of Sciences President Zhou led the scientific peak in China ... Many Ningxiang celebrities carried forward the essence of Huxiang culture and influenced the process of China's historical civilization. Since then, Ningxiang's profound cultural accumulation and spiritual characteristics have been completely integrated into the blood of Huxiang culture. It can be seen that the profound cultural accumulation in Ningxiang has gradually evolved into a cultural form with local characteristics of Ningxiang and closely related to Huxiang culture in the great changes of Huxiang culture, which makes the cultural value and spiritual characteristics of Ningxiang blend well with Huxiang culture.

The unique bronze culture in Ningxiang is an important part of Huxiang culture. Bronze culture is an important aspect of studying ancient civilization. Hunan is one of the provinces with the largest number of bronzes found in the late Shang Dynasty in the south, and Hunan is concentrated in Ningxiang. More than 500 bronzes unearthed in Ningxiang, such as the Four Sheep Square Zun, the tripod with a human face, the elephant-patterned bronze cymbals and the pavilion, shocked the world. The bronzes unearthed in Ningxiang are famous for their tall and heavy figure, elegant and beautiful patterns, magnificent shapes and excellent casting, and occupy a high position in the bronze cultural treasure house of China. Since then, Ningxiang has been known as the "South China Bronze Culture Center". Ningxiang bronze culture has become an important evidence to study the historical development track of Huxiang culture and show the unique charm of Huxiang culture to the world.

Ningxiang folk art has a long history. Ningxiang once belonged to Yiyang. Ningxiang local flower drum combines Changsha flower drum and Yiyang "Caotaizi" flower drum drama. After years of tempering, it gradually evolved into Ningxiang local drama. Therefore, Ningxiang has also become one of the three cradles of Hunan ancient painting, which was formed in the Qing Dynasty and is widely popular in central Hunan, eastern Hunan and Dongting Lake. Ningxiang Dihuagu has a unique artistic style and a profound mass base, especially with distinctive local colors and rich flavor of life. Six years of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1867), Ningxiang County Records and two folklore records: "There are lion lanterns with wood as the head and dragon lanterns with paper as the head ...". Or more fish lights. Men and women pretend to sing songs such as transplanting rice seedlings and picking tea, saying' playing flower drums' or crossing bamboo lanterns. There are so many spectators outside the temple in the temple, which describes Ningxiang, a local small player in Ningxiang, to Huagu. Nowadays, there are famous dramas such as Mr. Zhang Begging for Money and He Xinchun. Children's flower drums and Mashan gongs and drums, another characteristic folk percussion music in Ningxiang, reflect the simple life of the people in Ningxiang and vividly embody the profound cultural traditions in Ningxiang? This local cultural tradition is closely related to Huxiang culture. Now, Ningxiang Duihuagu has been listed in the municipal intangible cultural heritage protection list, Mashan gongs and drums have been listed in the provincial list, and more than 30 Mashan gongs and drums music have been selected in the book "China National Folk Instrumental Music Integration". In 2008, CCTV made a special trip to interview and broadcast the excavation exhibition of Ningxiang folk cultural and artistic heritage, and the essence of Ningxiang folk art went to the whole country, making great contributions to the long history of Huxiang culture.

Miyin Temple, a thousand-year-old temple, explains the legend of Ningxiang traditional culture. Miyin Temple, a thousand-year-old temple, is the birthplace of Huiyang Sect, one of the five sects of Zen in China, where Buddhist culture once prevailed. According to historical records, during the Tang and Song Dynasties, Miyin Temple occupied a vast area, with a magnificent hall, more than 3,000 monks and 3,700 mu of temple fields, which was very popular. Legend has it that at that time, a thousand monks' pots were cast in the temple, which could serve 1000 people. In the second year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong (807), Ling Shuiyou, a Buddhist monk, came to Weishan to practice, and Pei Xiu, the prime minister, asked the court to give him the name "Tula Temple". In the first year of Daguan in the Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 107), a 5,048-Jin clock was cast, painted with gold and placed in the bell tower. Because the original Tibetan scriptures in the temple were 5,048 volumes, the original rent was 5,048 tons, which was called "Three Monks in Mudra". Zhang Wei's father, Zhang Jun, is also a famous Buddhist Zen Buddhist. "The study of people is based on the heart, and it is not good to concentrate on anything." His poems all inherited the Zen thought of "taking the heart as the foundation" for emperors. His son, Zhang Qian, was even more optimistic about the pure land of Weishan. Later, Zhang Qian himself was buried in Weishan to accompany his father. During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, imperial academy audited Tao Rufu's resignation, haircut and becoming a monk in Weishan after his death in the Ming Dynasty. His Zen Buddhism has been handed down from generation to generation, such as Daming of Huishanhai Zen Master and Rebuilding the Monument of Mudra Temple.

It can be seen that Ningxiang people have been proud of Ningxiang's profound humanistic heritage since ancient times. It is precisely because of the influence of this culture that Ningxiang people who have traveled all over the country can deduce their brilliant life and be admired by the world. In this sense, Ningxiang, a local characteristic culture, has surpassed her region and become a culture of concern to China and even the world.

Ningxiang, which has accumulated for more than a thousand years, is the root vein of Huxiang culture and an important part of Huxiang culture.