What are the methods to extract information from primary Chinese?

Extracting information from materials should be one of the reading skills cultivated in Chinese reading teaching. Today, I will share with you some methods of extracting information from primary school Chinese, hoping to help you!

1 methods of extracting information in primary school Chinese

First, extract the information closely related to the topic.

The selection of Chinese textbooks often has a definite theme, and the compilation basically revolves around the theme. Topic sentence is a sentence used to summarize the central idea, content core, writing intention, thoughts and feelings of literary works. Therefore, it is particularly important to guide students to find information closely related to the theme to understand the text. The text of grade one is easy to understand, but it often implies truth. Reading the text can guide students to extract information closely related to the theme.

The Little Monkey Down the Mountain is a fairy tale. At the end of the article, the message "Little Monkey had to go home empty-handed" revealed the theme of the article: We should finish what we started, and should not be half-hearted.

Case 1: The teaching clip of the little monkey going down the mountain

Teacher: "Kid, did the little monkey get anything when he went down the mountain?" What sentence does this article tell us? Read the text and find it quickly. "

Students read the text and find out the sentences. )

Health: "The little monkey had to go home empty-handed." Tell us what happened when the little monkey went down the mountain. "

Teacher: "empty hands don't mean anything." What is the reason? "

Health 1: "because the little monkey saw this and liked it, he threw away the things in front." He likes this for a while and that for a while. "

Health 2: "The little monkey is half-hearted. He lost this. "

Teacher: "Yes, the little monkey insisted on going home empty-handed, that is, telling us to do things half-heartedly, and finally getting nothing."

By extracting information and simply understanding "why go home empty-handed", we can understand the truth that "half-hearted will eventually accomplish nothing"

The first-grade text is easy to understand, and many short stories contain sentences closely related to the theme. Extract this information from reading and taste it carefully to help students improve their reading depth.

Second, search the specific ideas revealed in the text.

The specific ideas revealed in the text usually appear in story-based texts, which reveal the inner activities of the characters or authors in the text. Guiding students to find specific ideas revealed in the text can help students feel the characters and understand the gist and essence of the text.

Yuanyuan was twenty minutes late because she slept for a minute. In the first paragraph of the text, Yuan Yuan's inner thought, "Sleep for one more minute, and you won't be late", is the cause of the story. Extract information, try to figure out his psychology, and contrast with the later "if only one minute earlier", so as to understand the importance of every minute.

Through in-depth understanding of Yuan Yuan's inner thoughts, students can further understand the main idea of the article on the premise of understanding the cause of the story.

The information of "revealing specific ideas" can help children understand the text more deeply, and consciously cultivate children to pay attention to this information from the first grade, laying a solid foundation for further reading the text.

Third, find the definition of important words or sentences.

The important words or sentences in the text are the "eyes" of the text, which refer to the key words and sentences that can best reveal the theme, sublimate the artistic conception and cover the content. They are the key windows to peep at the theme, sort out the context of the full text and grasp the interrelation of all parts of the article. Therefore, articles usually arrange corresponding sentence paragraphs to explain or interpret these words or sentences. Teachers can guide students to find relevant sentences and help them understand these important words or sentences.

The Tree and the Magpie is a fairy tale about a tree and a magpie living alone. Later, there were more trees, nests and magpies, and they lived happily together. The word "loneliness" is a new word and an important word in this paper. Only by understanding the meaning and feelings of "loneliness" can we feel the moral of fairy tales-we will be happy with friends. The first paragraph has three "only" in a row, which can just express the meaning and artistic conception of "loneliness"

Every article will have important words or sentences, which are difficult to understand. Understanding is the sign of reading the article. In order to grasp their meanings, students can be told to extract key words or sentences from the text for key analysis.

Fourth, excavate the important information of the story.

Most of the selections in the first-grade Chinese textbooks are short stories with strong narrative. To understand this kind of text, it is necessary to cultivate students' ability to extract key information such as background (time, place, environment, etc.). ), characters and plots (the cause, process and result of things) come from stories. By guiding students to refine this information, we can grasp the core of the story and understand the whole story.

Case 2: Teaching clip of "Don't forget the digger when drinking water"

Teacher: "Do you know where this story takes place? The first paragraph of the article tells us that there are three place names. Can you draw them with horizontal lines? "

Students read the text and underline the words. )

Student: "I found these three place names: Shazhouba, Ruijin City, Jiangxi Province."

The teacher shows the word card for the students to read. )

Teacher: "Can you arrange these three word cards?"

(Presentation card sequence: Jiangxi-Ruijin-Shazhouba)

Teacher: "What is the reason for your arrangement?"

Health: "Because Jiangxi is the largest province, Ruijin is the town, and Shazhouba is the smallest village."

Teacher: "Right? Let's take a look. "

Show me the map of Jiangxi. )

After finding out the place names, arrange these three places in a certain order according to the sentences in the text, so that students can understand the general location of "Jiangxi, Ruijin and Shazhouba" and their relationship, and promote further understanding of the text.

To read a story, we must first understand the key information of the story, such as the person, time and place. In the first grade reading teaching, help students learn to extract these key information and lay a good foundation for future reading.

2 methods of extracting information in primary school Chinese

First, the "standard, increase, note" teaching material information

In order to improve the effectiveness of extracting information from textbooks, students should be instructed to mark, add and annotate textbooks directly. Marking: Use various symbols to indicate the degree of knowledge mastery. Mark important content, relatively important content, particularly important content, keywords, words and important paragraphs with various symbols. Supplement: Give a very brief explanation of the difficult points in the book. For example, there is no explanation why restriction enzymes mainly exist in microorganisms, and students can add them in corresponding places. Note: If some parts of the textbook must be "moved forward" or "mistaken later" to explain the problem, they can be marked with memos for easy reading at any time. These methods are generally used in the teaching activities explained by teachers.

Second, get the implied information of textbooks.

The so-called hidden information refers to the content hidden in the illustrations, which is not easy for students to find. For example, the mitotic cycle diagram of (1) cells suggests that the mitotic interval is longer than the mitotic period; (2) The diagram of photosynthesis process implies that all the oxygen released by photosynthesis comes from the water of the reactant, all the six carbons in glucose come from the carbon dioxide of the reactant, and the dark reaction calvin cycle will be circulated six times; (3) The genetic map of two pairs of alleles in pea contains information about the proportion of homozygotes and the percentage of new combination traits in the total number of individuals. These hidden information are obstacles for students to understand problems and complete exercises. Therefore, it is necessary for teachers to give correct and enlightening guidance, guide reading, make hidden information explicit, and help students realize information that is not expressed in books and words.

Third, comprehensive teaching material information.

Let the students synthesize, summarize and sort out the similar knowledge in different chapters and organize it into a system. Taking chromosomes as an example, they have appeared many times in textbooks, and they are sorted according to the following aspects: (1) Morphology and quantity of chromosomes; (2) the chemical composition of chromosomes and the relationship between chromosomes and DNA; (3) the position and state of chromosome; (4) Chromosome replication (cycle and mode); (5) the law of chromosome transmission; (6) Chromosome variation and haploid and polyploid. The purpose of such thematic synthesis is to make scattered information form a complete knowledge structure network, cultivate students' comprehensive analysis ability of knowledge, and then improve students' comprehensive analysis ability of information given by the college entrance examination.

Fourthly, analyze the confusing information in textbooks.

People's understanding of things is often deepened by comparison, and they can better grasp the essential characteristics of things. In teaching, students should be encouraged to grasp and remember information that is easily confused. For example, the comparison between photosynthesis and respiration, between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, between genetic engineering, cell engineering and fermentation engineering, etc. While arranging the contents for students to compare, we should also teach students to adopt appropriate comparison methods, such as list comparison.

V. "Purifying" Teaching Material Information

If students learn to summarize, generalize and "purify" in reading, they can improve their understanding of concepts and definitions and make them easy to remember. The chapter "Metabolism" has a preface of about 200 words, which describes what metabolism is. Because this narrative is concise, abstract and general, it is not easy to remember. However, it will be easier to understand and remember if students are guided to analyze this text, purify the main points and sum up that this text is about "one definition, two functions, two metabolism and one update".

Six, the use of charts to obtain information

There are many important illustrations and charts in biology textbooks, which visualize, concretize and organize abstract and incomprehensible narrative contents, but students often ignore these contents. In teaching, we should pay attention to guiding students to refer to illustrations and charts and read against the text content of textbooks. Through corresponding reading, students can understand the content of the text and increase the profundity of memory. When students encounter a word problem during consideration, the picture immediately appears in their minds, which is helpful for memory and expression, and it is easier to fill in notes when they encounter a picture-filling problem. It is necessary to guide students to look at illustrations while reading textbooks and form the habit of using pictures.

3 methods of extracting information in primary school Chinese

First, read the information based on materials.

1. The Three Gorges Project in China involves a large number of immigrants. 1In April, 1992, the National People's Congress passed the "Three Gorges Project Proposal", which laid down the principles for project resettlement. Since then, the State Council and local governments have passed a series of administrative regulations. According to relevant laws and regulations, various localities organized publicity and education and resettlement, and investigated and dealt with more than 65.438 million cases of erosion of resettlement funds, thus ensuring the smooth progress of the Three Gorges Project.

According to the above materials, explain how our country insists on "ruling the country according to law".

One of the characteristics of this kind of topic is that the answer to the question is directly hidden in the material given by the topic, so in the process of answering this kind of topic, we only need to read and analyze the material comprehensively, accurately and comprehensively read out the information related to the question in the material, and then make appropriate transformation to make it related to the basic viewpoints and principles of the textbook.

For example, 1, comprehensive reading and careful analysis of the materials, it is not difficult to find that the materials contain three meanings: First, the National People's Congress passed a bill to make principles for the project resettlement work, and the State Council and local governments passed a series of administrative regulations; Second, local organizations organize publicity, education and resettlement according to relevant laws and regulations; Third, local authorities have investigated and dealt with more than 65,438,000 cases of erosion of immigrant funds. These three meanings are closely related to governing the country according to law: first, the relevant departments strengthen legislative work, formulate and improve laws and regulations, and have laws to follow; Second, the relevant departments should act according to law and abide by the law; Third, the relevant departments strictly enforce the law and punish those who violate the law. It is not difficult to get the answer to this question by translating these three meanings into the language in the textbook.

Reference answer to this question: (1) Strengthen the legislative work according to law, improve the system of laws and regulations, and ensure that there are laws to follow. (two) the administrative organs shall administer according to law, and the laws shall be observed. (3) The judicial organs are fair and strictly enforce the law.

Second, ask questions in the process to extract information.

Example 2:1999165438+10/5. After 13 years of negotiations, China and the United States finally reached an agreement on China's accession to the World Trade Organization, which is an important step for China to join the organization. China government has always maintained China's national interests in the negotiations, and achieved this satisfactory "win-win" result. Please answer: How does this process reflect the basic characteristics of the foreign policy of the China administration?

The topic is "How does this process reflect the basic features of the foreign policy of the China administration". Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the relevant information of "this process" is the premise to solve this problem. To this end, we must further ask the question of this topic: What is this process? "why"? How's it going? What is this process? According to the data, this is a negotiation process of 13 years. Why is this process? The material has two meanings: first, why negotiate? Realize national interests; Second, why did the negotiations last for 13 years? In order to safeguard national interests, we do not accept harsh conditions and insist on independence. What is this process like? Get a "win-win" ending. Then we combine the excavated information with the foreign policy-related knowledge in the materials, and it is not difficult to get the basic characteristics of China's foreign policy, as shown in the following table:

Reference answer to this question: (1) China's foreign policy is determined by China's national interests. China and the United States negotiated and reached an agreement on joining the World Trade Organization, precisely to realize China's national interests. (2) Independence is the basic position of China's foreign policy. During the 13-year Sino-US negotiations on China's accession to the World Trade Organization, our government has always adhered to the principle of independence on issues involving national interests and safeguarded our national interests. (3) Equality and mutual benefit is an important principle of China's foreign policy. China and the United States have reached a "win-win" agreement on China's entry into the World Trade Organization, which embodies the principle of equality and mutual benefit in foreign policy.

Third, choose information "based on this"

Example 3: Fan Zhongyan lamented in The Story of Yueyang Tower: "The rest of Baling is beautiful. In Dongting Lake, there are distant mountains, huge soup, endless horizon, sunny and cloudy, and countless weather." Dongting Lake covers an area of over 6,000 square kilometers in history. But over the years, due to one-sided emphasis on food production, large-scale reclamation of Dongting Lake area, a large number of sediment deposition, Dongting Lake area has been shrinking. In recent years, the area has been gradually returning farmland to lakes, especially since 1998, the government has invested 7 billion yuan in comprehensive management, the area of Dongting Lake has been expanded by15, and the ecological environment of the lake area has been improved. In addition to traditional farming, aquaculture and processing industries have also been developed, and the income of residents in the lake area has increased significantly.

In the above changes, how did the government perform its economic management functions?

One of the characteristics of this kind of questions is that the materials contain rich information, but the scope of questions is relatively small, so it is easy to be disturbed by invalid information in the materials when answering questions. Therefore, the choice of information has become an important aspect to solve the problem. But what information in the material is valid? Which ones are invalid? This requires us to go back to the textbook when answering questions, and choose information on this basis.

In Example 3, to find out how the government performs its economic management function in the above changes, we must first master the specific knowledge about the government's economic management function in the teaching materials: the government's economic management function is "centering on economic construction, vigorously developing social productive forces, and constantly meeting the people's growing material and cultural needs"; The requirements of our government's economic management function are "overall planning, mastering policies, guiding information, organizing and coordinating, providing services and inspecting and supervising". In other words, the functions of the state in managing the economy are mainly macro-control, social management and public services. According to this knowledge, it is not difficult for us to select effective information: "Returning farmland to lakes"-the state is making overall plans and making policy adjustments; "Invest 7 billion yuan in comprehensive management" ―― The state is implementing macro-control; "In addition to planting, aquaculture and processing industries have been developed, and the income of residents in the lake area has been significantly improved"-developing the economy and improving people's living standards.

Reference answer to this question: (1) Overall planning and policy adjustment; (2) Direct investment and economic adjustment; (3) Promote economic development and improve people's lives.

4 methods of extracting information in primary school Chinese

First, read the full text, grasp the structure, and clarify the thinking.

To read an article, we should first read the whole article, understand what the author wrote, why he wrote it this way, what kind of structure to organize the whole article, what is the writing idea of the whole article, what is the emotional trend of the author, and what are the clues connecting the whole article. Understanding these contents is the basis of reading the article. Only by mastering the article structure, emotional tone, article clues and author's ideas can we better understand the article and grasp the whole article. These are reading materials.

Second, clear objectives, determine the scope

On the basis of fully grasping the article structure, emotional tone, writing clues and the author's thoughts, students can be guided to carry out specific training in reading, thinking, feeling and appreciation. Curriculum standards point out that "reading is students' personalized behavior, and teachers' analysis should not replace students' reading practice." Then the mastery of reading information should also be the result of students' self-reading comprehension and taste. What teachers should do is to "teach people to fish", guide students to make clear their reading tasks, give reading goals or questions, and guide students to find relevant chapters or paragraphs around the goals or questions on the basis of reading the full text, so as to study in depth, so as to be targeted and not to read in general. We should grasp the key to the problem, think and appreciate, think and feel in reading, and finally gain something! Reading is like looking for gold in the sand. You should look for the most valuable things in the shortest time. In reading teaching, we should teach students to learn to browse, practice the skill of "seeing at a glance" and quickly capture reading information. At a glance, we can immediately distinguish important and unimportant contents and find out the core part, so as to get twice the result with half the effort.

Third, refine, refine, synthesize and generalize.

1, extraction method

The so-called extraction method is to extract the relevant content you need in categories while reading purposefully according to the key points of training, so as to understand the text and grasp the center. In specific article reading, it mainly refers to grasping the key contents of reading articles and sentences containing useful information, and extracting them. When training students to use the extraction method, teachers should guide students to learn to grasp the key words and phrases in the article and extract them, so as to avoid covering all aspects, generalizing and not grasping the key points!

2. Refining method

Refining refers to extracting healthy, educational and enlightening ideological contents and themes from the characteristics and meanings contained in reading materials. In specific training guidance, teachers can first train students to start with summarizing the contents of paragraphs and grasp what the article has written; Then gradually train students to summarize the main idea of the paragraph and refine the point of view of the article. This requires teachers to consciously use the text of teaching materials for relevant refining training in classroom teaching, so that the text in teaching materials can become practical materials and the Chinese classroom can become a practical position.

3. Integrated approach

Synthesis refers to the process of combining all parts or different characteristics and aspects of cognitive things. In reading an article, synthesis refers to the ability to combine the contents, themes and emotions of various parts of the material. Based on analysis, it finds out the similarities and differences between materials, analyzes and synthesizes materials according to these similarities and differences, and quickly integrates them according to the inherent similarity of different materials. Finally, get the general idea, theme or emotion expressed in the material.

4. Induction

Induction mainly refers to the summary of the main contents of the article. Summarizing the content of the article mainly includes paragraph meaning connection method, keyword link method, key paragraph summary method and article title expansion method.

Paragraph-meaning connection method summarizes the main content of the article, which means that when reading the article, it is clear what each natural paragraph has written, and then the paragraphs of each paragraph are arranged and connected in the order described in the article, thus summarizing the main content of the article.

Keyword linking means that there will be some keywords in some articles to express the clues or themes of the articles. As long as we grasp these keywords, we can grasp the main content of the article.

The expansion method of article title means that the title of some articles itself is a high summary of the main content of the article. To summarize the main content of this kind of article, just expand the title.

The generalization rule of key paragraphs refers to grasping the paragraphs that can express the key points or themes of the article and summarizing them, and other paragraphs only need to be briefly explained.