Main activities of the first meeting

Since the independence association movement, the imperial government of South Korea has always regarded civil society as a scourge, so it was suppressed by the central and local governments of South Korea after the establishment of the Council. Although there was a Japanese background, Japan was busy with the Russo-Japanese War at that time, so it suffered heavy losses under the repressive policy of the authorities. Once a meeting is held, I often hold rallies and speeches in Chundo, Seoul, protesting the repression of the authorities and demanding political reform. However, the Yijin Association usually relies on Japanese bullying, which arouses the indignation of ordinary people. 1In March, 905, the Yijin Association clashed with people in Quanzhou, and then people attacked members of the Yijin Association in Tokugawa County and Jinmeng County of South Pyongan Province. Zhao, the minister of Senate, pointed out: "Now, the so-called participants will start a prairie fire when they step on the countryside." The land keeper did not dare to ban it, so that it could not be used. "It can be seen that at the beginning of its establishment, the First Progressive Party used the Japanese background to bully in South Korea, but it was not tolerated by most officials and people, even by the government. Because Japan has no time to manage, the situation is not good. The first session also carried out some enlightenment activities. As of June 5th, 1905, 10, there were 34 new schools in Korea with 2255 students.

On the other hand, they actively assisted Japan in its war against Russia. "The advanced guides, detectives, transportation, ironworkers, servants and other things of the Japanese army are all done for sincerity." They recruited South Korean transport teams to transport munitions for the Japanese army, carried out espionage activities against the Russian army, and laid the Jingyi line railway with high strategic significance to Japan. During the two months of 1904, 10 and10, the Progressive Association and the Japanese army forcibly recruited 26,697 people to serve Japan in Anzhou, South Pyongan Province, while during the period of 1904 to 1905, Huanghaiyou 1 15 14 people1905 June 10 to10/0 on October 20th, and the Koreans mobilized for the first time had1/. During the Russo-Japanese War, "thousands of people died as soon as they entered the war". Because it will make great contributions to Japan's victory, it is more appreciated and protected by the Japanese. On the surface, the finance related to the operation of the first National Congress comes from membership fees, but in fact, the formal collection of membership fees is far from enough. Most of the funds were provided by the Japanese secret service stationed in Korea and later by the unified supervision office of Korea. The Yijin Society also received strong support from the Japanese right-wing organization, the Black Dragon Society headed by Ryuichi Uchida, and Ryuichi Uchida even served as a consultant to the Yijin Society. Therefore, it is appropriate to say that once you join the club, all activities are directed by it (the Black Dragon Club). After the Russo-Japanese War, the First Progressive Party received better treatment and began to further engage in pro-Japanese political activities. Especially on the eve of the conclusion of the second Japan-ROK agreement (the Yasukuni Treaty) in June1905+0/,NPC went all out to actively promote the Korean Empire to become a protectorate of Japan. 1905165438+1October 5, Li Rongjiu, Song Bingyou and others issued a declaration to the whole nation in the name of millions of deputies, calling on the Korean people to accept the protection of the Japanese Empire, declaring that "... the situation is like sending my grandfather's ambassador, and his name is very ostentatious, so I would rather be assigned to a friendly one.

After the publication of this "Declaration", South Korean public opinion was in an uproar, and groups such as the Imperial Capital YMCA, the National Education Association, the Korean Club, and the Constitutional Research Association published articles to refute it. The South Korean government also had to post a notice, saying that "the so-called manifesto author who recently joined the club has fierce wording, crazy and contradictory arguments, and some people dare not speak, and the public opinion is shocking, chaotic and profound." The first thing that comes to mind is that people are loyal to each other. Whether you are sincere or not, it will be because of misunderstanding. I hereby declare that people of all ages need to understand and get rid of doubts. However, in order to offset the bad influence of the declaration of the first session, not only did Japanese police adviser Maruyama Shigeyoshi oppose this notice, but Song Bingzuo and others even went directly to the home of Minister of Political Participation Han Guijian to question this notice, saying that "violent speech and coercion are everywhere". "The Declaration of Yijinhui was widely publicized and used by Japan, and as a North Korean's voluntary request for protection, it contributed to the" legitimacy "of its aggression against North Korea. Then in June1905165438+1October 17, the Yasi Treaty was finally concluded, and Japan deprived the Korean Empire of its diplomatic rights, and set up a unified supervision department to control South Korea. At this point, South Korea became a protectorate of Japan. However, as Koreans, it means "drinking to celebrate each other, especially for the sun." "In the process of concluding the Yasukuni Treaty, Yijinhui once again made great contributions to Japan, just as Ge Sheng Nengjiu, an important figure of the Black Dragon Club, said:" Li Rongjiu and Song Bingyou echoed both inside and outside, and issued a declaration in the name of Yijinhui, which overwhelmed the time and made the establishment of the agreement much easier, and their contributions were also indispensable. "After the conclusion of the Yasukuni Treaty, JCI was supported by the Japanese, and its arrogance was once very arrogant. When Ito Bowen 1906 became the governor of South Korea in March, JCI set up an archway at the south gate of Seoul, with the word "welcome" written in big letters. However, the first National People's Congress has been a rat crossing the street in front of the Korean people. Violent cases of beating the first members often occur in various places. Not only that, the first session itself is once again facing difficulties. Since 1906, the patriotic cultural enlightenment in North Korea has sprung up, and various patriotic social groups have mushroomed and their speeches are active. Later, nationalist anti-Japanese movements such as the "national debt repayment movement" occurred, which made the pro-Japanese progressive conference unprecedentedly isolated and demoralized. Song Bingyou, an important figure in the first session, was even imprisoned for "harboring criminals" in August of 1906. Later, around the problem of Song Bingyou, the opposition and division between Li Rongjiu (pro-Song) and Yin Shibing (anti-Song) appeared in the first session. 1906165438+1October Li Rongjiu held a New Testament commemorative banquet to commemorate the first anniversary of the signing of the Ye Si Treaty, but none of the celebrities he invited went to the banquet, so at this time, he appeared a shrinking state of "wandering" as soon as he entered the conference.

In order to open up the situation, the first meeting began to vigorously attack Park Ji-chun's cabinet. Chancellor Ito Bowen urged Park Kai-chun to support the first session, but Park Kai-chun decided to resign, and the first session also clamored for the resignation of all cabinet members through lectures, parliaments and proposals. So in May 1907, Park Ji-chun's cabinet collapsed and was replaced by Li Wanyong's cabinet. As expected, the First Gold Club has achieved results. After he was released from prison, Song Bingjun became the new cabinet minister, and a large number of Yijin members were also used as local magistrates and observers. This event forced Emperor Li Xi to abdicate shortly after that, which really revived the power of the first session. It turned out that Emperor Gaozong did not want to be a puppet of Japan at that time, and sent envoys to The Hague, the Netherlands, in an attempt to attend the Second World Peace Conference. As a result, he failed to succeed, but was exposed to the Japanese. Emperor Gaozong has always been a thorn in Japan's side. Ito Bowen just took the opportunity of the "Hague emissary incident" to abolish him, and it was the Korean government and non-governmental organizations that were pushed to the front desk by Ito Bowen. Li Wanyong and Song Bingmou have already indicated the meaning of abolishing the emperor, so they are the hardest in this process. Uchida Ryohei, the consultant of the first meeting, also strongly encouraged Song Bingyou and Li Rongjiu, so at the command meeting on July 6, 1907/kloc-0, Song Bingyou shouted, "There are two ways to solve the Hague emissary incident, and the Ito prison army has accused each other, and General Hasegawa fired at Dahanmen, all because of the result of the emperor's secret arrangement of the day, or to go out in person." And in the following 10 days, he forced his way into the palace many times with Japanese force as the backing, and even Song Bingzhe threatened to draw his sword. His minions didn't rest when they entered the meeting. Under the mobilization of Song Bingyou, Li Rongjiu and Uchida Ryohei, the members, in groups of 15, held demonstrations in front of Qingyun Palace for several days, urging Gaozong to abdicate. The citizens of Seoul were fed up with the traitorous behavior of the first National People's Congress, and finally a bloody conflict broke out. The history book says: "Hundreds of people joined the club and surrounded Miyagi with weapons a few days ago, just like the Japanese. Even all the people are shouting:' If you enter the meeting, it will be ruined! "Kill each other," the staff rained down, and dozens of people died. Those who walk with broken limbs belong to the Tao. "1July 907 19, Emperor Gaozong announced that the Crown Prince would act as a political agent, and Japan announced that Emperor Gaozong had abdicated. So on this day, all walks of life in Seoul set off a larger-scale opposition demonstration. Once the trial is held, it will once again become the target of mass attacks. Its official newspaper, National News, was attacked, its printing press was destroyed and its members were beaten. The demonstrations were quickly suppressed by Japanese troops stationed in South Korea, and Emperor Gaozong was forced to abdicate on July 20th under the pressure of the Japanese and the First Progressive Party and other pro-Japanese forces. Later, Crown Prince Li Mao succeeded to the throne as the last monarch of the Korean dynasty-Chunzong of Korea. One-entry meeting is not only a pawn for Japan to embezzle South Korea, but also an accomplice for Japan's expansion to China, and it also plays an important role in the so-called "island issue". Once at the meeting, it penetrated into the island area very early. 1June, 905,1June, just after the meeting, Lee Kwang Soo was sent to "patrol" the island. Since then, a large number of members have emigrated to kendo. They set their headquarters in Liudaogou, Linjiang, set up many branches in other parts of the tunnel, carried out various reconnaissance and sabotage activities, and colluded with the Japanese "tunnel police station" in an attempt to seize local sovereignty. For example, Jin Yulong, one of the leaders who met for the first time, worked in the Jiandao police station. This book "Jilin Old News Record" has detailed records:

"North Korea, Hui, He and Wang belong to four genera, and the number of relocated people has exceeded 400,000. Even if you count the hukou, more than half of the Koreans will be. During this period, there will be more unruly people, and more people will join the club. They will lead the land to rent, and they will mix. I am deeply afraid that "walking into the meeting" is a dog and the Japanese will be jealous; "It's a puppet, and the Japanese are led by its rope. Yanbian is also the recovery place of South Korea. First frost is hard and awkward! "

The Qing government did not welcome the first session. Article 14 on conservative sovereignty formulated by Jilin authorities clearly stipulates: "Vietnamese who have cultivated in our country are those who have cultivated in our country. Many people have entered Korea. It seems that such a person, whether I am naturalized as a Korean citizen or not, will be arrested and dealt with separately by the civil criminal law. " Since then, until the merger of Japan and South Korea in 19 10, the association has been a headache for the Qing government on the border between China and South Korea. The First Progressive Party has always advocated a "political alliance" between Japan and South Korea (unlike Japan's request for the merger of Japan and South Korea, see above) and demanded that it be implemented as soon as possible. However, Ito Bowen's policy of governing Korea was gradual and did not meet the requirements of the first session. 1907 after the Hague emissary incident, Ryhei Uchida, the first consultant, urged Ito Bowen to merge immediately, but Ito Bowen refused on the grounds of "insufficient funds". Therefore, the Progressive Association has always been dissatisfied with Ito Bowen's policy. Uchida Ryohei, Li Rongjiu, Song Bingyou and others thought that since 1908, Bowen Ito had no intention to promote the merger, so he began to actively plan the anti-Ito movement. At the same time, Yi Jinhui also fell out with Prime Minister Li Wanyong. Interior Minister Song Bingyou 1909 resigned in February and went to Japan. On March 15 of the same year, he was elected as the president of Yijinhui. Since then, he has traveled back and forth between Japan and South Korea to carry out anti-Ito and merger activities. 1June, 909 After Ito left his post, he began to brew and put it into practice as soon as he entered the meeting. However, the successor of the governor, Zeng Nvjie, is as stable as Ito, so the Black Dragon will instruct Li Rongjiu and others to impeach Zeng Nvjie. 1909101On 26th October, Ito Bowen was stabbed to death by South Korean patriotic youth An Zhonggen in Harbin, China. Japan is in an uproar, and the voice calling for immediate merger is rampant. The first session also took this incident as an opportunity to launch a "petition movement for the United States" in South Korea, which caused an uproar.

After An Zhonggen killed Ito Bowen, as soon as he entered the venue, he suggested that South Korea send an "apology group" to Japan, and its vice president Hong Jianxie personally went to Japan to attend Ito Bowen's funeral. During his stay in Japan, he held consultations with Song Bingzhen, president of the conference, on the issue of Japan-Korea alliance. After returning to China, he discussed the matter with Li Rongjiu and decided to immediately launch the "alliance petition movement". They asked Cui Yongnian, a member of Takeda Hiroyuki, a member of the Japanese Black Dragon Society, to draft papers and petitions for the Emperor, Cabinet and Ombudsman of North Korea respectively. 1February 2, 909, 1909, three traitorous documents were finally completed. That night, the first National People's Congress held an all-night temporary general meeting, and finally passed the resolution of "Japan-Korea alliance", which mainly included "permanently ensuring the security of the Korean royal family", "abolishing the Korean government and allowing the Japanese government to directly implement laws and regulations", "abolishing the unified supervision office" and "only retaining the first National People's Congress and dissolving all associations". 1909 12.4 the representative of the first progressive party submitted the letter on Japan-Korea cooperation and the letter on the prime minister to Emperor Chunzong and the prime minister, and Li Rongjiu, chairman of the first progressive party, personally submitted the letter on supervising the upper progressive party to Zeng. On the same day, Li Rongjiu published the declaration of the Korea-Japan alliance in the name of millions of members in the first organ newspaper, National New Newspaper, and vigorously advocated the Korea-Japan alliance. However, the "petition movement for the United States" launched by the first session of the National People's Congress did not get much response, but was opposed by all parties. On February 5, 65438, more than 4,000 people from all walks of life and organizations in Seoul held a speech at the National Assembly, denouncing the traitorous behavior of the Yijin Association. The opposition not only spread to all parts of the country, but also spread to Korean society overseas. On the same day, the Korean daily Daily published an editorial entitled "Declaration of Slave Congress", calling the first session "Slave Congress" and exposing its plot of "American petition movement". Li Wanyong has no objection to the first meeting. He even let his son and his master attend the first meeting to flatter the Japanese. I didn't expect him to advocate the theory of "harmonious state" before entering the meeting. "I was very angry after using it, so I banned it." He deliberately didn't play the sparse text of the first meeting to the emperor, but returned it. After that, he wanted to play with it when they first met, but Li Wanyong returned it. In addition, Li Wanyong split and disintegrated the first session, and on June 7th, 12, Hong Kenxie, the vice chairman of the first session, withdrew from the session. Zeng You, the governor of the Communist Party of China, also believed that the "petition for reunification" caused a sensation among the people. On the one hand, he suppressed the voice against national reunification, on the other hand, he also strictly controlled the activities of the first Congress and held a negative attitude towards Japanese and Korean public opinion. The Japanese government has also exercised restraint over the "riverside". Li Rongjiu and Uchida Liangping have become street rats in South Korea, and they must be strictly protected before going out. It is reported that "the headquarters of the recent meeting was protected by two Japanese gendarmes and two patrol officers, and six Korean patrol officers were dispatched from yesterday." Even many members in the venue couldn't help it. "Wait for all members to have a meeting. I am also angry with Rong Jiu's actions, complaining about his pollution, and denouncing Rong Jiu's withdrawal from the meeting because of self-harm, ranging from 70 to 80 people a day, and outsiders have also withdrawn. " In view of the bad influence of the "Riverside Petition Movement" of the First National People's Congress on Korean society, on February 20th, 1909+65438, you ordered Uchida Ryohei to return to Japan.

Entering the venue, Li Rongjiu naturally didn't want to stop there. 65438+ 10 In February, Li Rongjiu established the Confederate Declaration of Solidarity with Comrades Association, and then established the nominal pro-Japanese groups such as Seoul Puxin Society, Solidarity Suggestion Society, National Obligations Association and Gentlemen's Agreement Society to issue a statement calling for the Confederacy. 1909, 1909 On February 23, 2009, Li Rongjiu wrote a love letter to Japanese Prime Minister Keitaro, criticizing the help of Li Wanyong and Zeng You, and imploring Japan to annex South Korea. 1910 65438+10 2, Li Rongjiu once again entered the unified cell and earnestly begged for the implementation of the Japan-Korea alliance. He also tried to spy on the actions of bureaucratic ministers and celebrities and secretly promoted the cause of the country. 19 10 in the spring, the voice against the country gradually subsided, and Song Bingzhen, chairman of the First Progressive Party, also thought that "the state affairs seem to have been completed." 19 10 In mid-February, Song Bingzhen, chairman of the First Progressive Party, returned to China secretly, and Li Rongjiu went to Busan to meet him. Song Bingzhen ordered him to suspend the "peaceful founding petition movement" and then return to Japan. 19 10 On February 2nd, Kyotaro specially sent a note to commend the "achievements" of the first session. On April 9, the first session held a congratulatory ceremony for this note, shouting "Long live the Emperor of Korea and Japan!" "Long live the meeting!" . The first National People's Congress worked so hard to promote the alliance between Japan and South Korea, which paved the way for the conclusion of the Japan-South Korea merger treaty and the eventual Japanese colonization of the Korean Peninsula.