Where does Bell come from?

Alexander bell Gender: Date of Male Death: 1847 ~ 1942 Country: Scotland.

biography

"I know that fate is in my own hands, and I know that great success is coming." Bell once confidently announced this to the world.

1847 was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on March 3rd. His father is a voice physiologist and an expert in correcting speech and teaching deaf people.

1862, Bell entered the famous Edinburgh University and chose phonetics as his major. Bell made rapid progress by summing up his parents' experience.

1867 After graduation, I went to London University to study linguistics. At this time, there was a massive lung disease in England, and Bell lost two brothers. His father moved to Canada with his family to escape the plague.

From 65438 to 0869, 22-year-old Bell was employed as a professor of linguistics at Boston University, teaching acoustics. In the more than 20 years after the invention of Morse telegraph, countless scientists tried to transmit sound directly with current, and Bell also took the invention of telephone as his bounden responsibility. However, because the telephone transmits continuous signals, rather than discontinuous on-off signals like telegrams, it was as difficult as going to heaven at that time. He tried to show the deaf-mute people "words" with continuous vibration curves, but failed. However, an interesting phenomenon was found in the experiment: every time the current was cut off, the coil would make a "tick" sound similar to Morse code. Jambers boldly imagined that if the current intensity could be used to simulate the change of sound, wouldn't it be possible to transmit sound with current? In the next two years, Nebel worked hard to master electricity. With a solid knowledge of linguistics, he seemed to have wings. He resigned as a professor and devoted himself to the experiment of inventing the telephone. He happened to meet Watson, an electrical engineer of 18 years old. At that time, everything was ready except one collaborator. Two years later, after numerous failures, they finally made two rough prototypes: the center of the film at the bottom of the cylinder was connected with a carbon rod inserted with sulfuric acid. When a person speaks, the vibration of the membrane changes the resistance and the current, and then the electric signal is changed back to speech by electromagnetic principle at the receiving place. Unfortunately, the experiment failed, and their voices were transmitted to each other through the ceiling of the apartment instead of the machine.

While they were thinking hard, Ding Dongsheng of the guitar outside the window reminded them that the sensitivity of the microphone and receiver was too low! They made their own speakers and improved the machine for two days and two nights. Then he started the experiment. At first, Watson only heard the hissing current from the receiver. Finally, he heard Bell's clear voice, "Mr. Watson, come on! I need you. 1On the evening of June 2, 875, Bell was 28 years old and Watson was 2 1 year old. They struck while the iron was hot, and after half a year's improvement, they finally made the world's first practical telephone. 1March 3, 876 (Bell's 29th birthday), Bell's patent application was approved with the patent number of US 174465. In fact, a few hours after Bell applied for a telephone patent, another outstanding inventor Eliza Gray also applied for a patent for his telephone. Due to the difference of several hours, the US Supreme Court ruled that Bell was the inventor of the telephone.

After returning to Boston, the two continued to improve it and seized every opportunity to promote it. Two years later, 1878, Bell conducted the first long-distance telephone experiment between Boston and new york, more than 300 kilometers away. Just as successful as Morse 34 years ago. The difference is that they hold a popular science publicity meeting, and the audience on both sides can talk to each other. There was a small problem in the middle: the black folk singer who performed the last program was too nervous to make a sound after hearing Bell's voice in the distance, and Beljean Watson, who used his quick wits, took his place. Watson's brave singing made the audience on both sides burst into applause and laughter from time to time, and the experiment was a complete success.

1877, the year after Bell invented the telephone, the first telephone line in Boston was opened, connecting Charles Williams' factory with his private residence in Somerville. It was also in this year that someone sent news information to the Boston Globe by telephone for the first time, and the era of using public telephones began.

1942, Bell died at the age of 95.

Related research fields:

1, acoustics and linguistics 2, metal sound transmission

Related works: Made the world's first practical telephone.