Why did Qian Xuesen talk to Hsin P. Soh's son about his father Qian Xuesen: How did he return to China?

1 949 65438+1October1,the five-star red flag rose in Tiananmen Square, and the new China was founded. Five days later, it is a traditional festival in China-Mid-Autumn Festival. On this day, Qian Xuesen and his wife celebrated the festival with a dozen China students. While enjoying the moon, they poured out their hearts, rejoiced in the birth of the motherland and were full of expectations for the bright future of the motherland.

Soon, the United States launched a war in Korea and used the reactionary McCarthy law at home, which set off a counter-current that drove employees to be loyal to the US government. This countercurrent has also spread to the California Institute of Technology. Due to the arrest of Weinbaum, secretary of the Marxist-Leninist Group of the College, the suspicion of the FBI fell on Qian Xuesen. 1958+0950 In July, the US government decided to disqualify Qian Xuesen from participating in confidential research. The reason is that he has a friend relationship with Weinbaum, and accused Qian Xuesen of being a producer of party member and the United States and entering the country illegally. These groundless accusations were all denied by Qian Xuesen. But Qian Xuesen couldn't stand all this and decided to return to the motherland immediately on the grounds of visiting relatives. When meeting with kimble, the Deputy Secretary of the US Navy in charge of his research work, he solemnly announced to kimble that he would leave for home immediately. He said: "I would rather go back to my hometown in China than be suspected." Kimble was shocked when he heard this. He thinks that Qian Xuesen is worth five divisions no matter where he puts it. He also said, "I'd rather shoot him than let this guy leave America!" " So as soon as Qian Xuesen walked out of the office, kimble immediately notified the Immigration Bureau.

Without knowing it, Qian Xuesen made all the preparations for returning to China, went through the formalities of returning to China, bought a plane ticket from Canada to Hong Kong, and handed the luggage to the handling company for shipment. However, just two days before their family planned to leave Los Angeles, that is,1midnight on August 23, 950, he suddenly received a notice from the Immigration Bureau that they were not allowed to leave the United States. At the same time, the US Customs detained all Qian Xuesen's luggage.

1September 6, 950, Qian Xuesen was suddenly illegally detained by the FBI, and he was sent to the detention center of the Immigration Bureau for detention. In the detention center, Qian Xuesen was tortured like a criminal. Qian Xuesen once recalled: "I lost 30 pounds in 15 days of detention. At night, the agents woke me up every 1 hour, and there was no rest at all. After Qian Xuesen was detained for no reason, the teachers and students of California Institute of Technology, Mr. Feng Carmen, Qian Xuesen's teacher, and some American friendly people protested strongly to the Immigration Bureau, found a defense lawyer for him, and raised $6.5438+$5,000 bail to bail Qian Xuesen out. After that, Qian Xuesen continued to be persecuted by the Immigration Bureau. His actions were restricted by the Immigration Bureau and monitored by FBI agents. He was not allowed to leave Los Angeles where he lived.

However, Qian Xuesen's love for the motherland has not disappeared, but has become more intense. He missed the new China day and night, persisted in his struggle, and constantly asked the Immigration Bureau to return to China.

At this time, Qian Xuesen, whose country could not return, did not stop his devoted scientific career during these five years. One of the reasons why the American government prevented him from leaving the United States was that the rocket technology he studied was related to national defense. Knowing this, Qian Xuesen chose "engineering cybernetics" as his research direction to help remove the obstacles to returning to China. In fact, engineering cybernetics is closely related to national defense construction topics such as production automation, development and application of electronic computers, but.

Qian Xuesen struggled to return to the motherland and received the care and support of the motherland. The news that Qian Xuesen was persecuted and framed in the United States shocked New China, and domestic scientific circles supported Qian Xuesen in various ways. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was also extremely concerned about Qian Xuesen's situation in the United States, and the China administration publicly issued a statement condemning the US government for imprisoning Qian Xuesen against his will.

While Qian Xuesen's desire to return to China was unreasonably blocked by the United States, China also detained a number of Americans, including American nationals detained by the China government for violating China laws and American soldiers detained by the China government for violating China's airspace. 1954 During the zhina International Conference on April 26th, 1954, Wang Bingnan, Secretary-General of the China delegation, and Yahya Johnson, head of the American delegation, made contact on behalf of the two governments on the issue of the return of civilians. During the contact, Wang Bingnan pointed out in particular that the United States is preventing many China people living in the United States from returning home, including scientist Qian Xuesen 45438+0954, and the United States, Britain, France, China and the Soviet Union held an international conference in Geneva to discuss the settlement of the North Korean issue and restore peace in zhina, India. Zhou Enlai, head of the China delegation attending the meeting, instructed that since the Americans invited British diplomats to dredge their relations with us, we should seize this opportunity and open up new channels of contact. During the negotiation, we should first contact Qian Xuesen, a scientist from China who is studying in the United States, and other detained issues. In order to seize the initiative, Zhou Enlai instructed Huang Hua, spokesman of the China delegation, to make a speech, demanding that the US government return the detained China citizens and students, and hinted that China was willing to negotiate directly with the United States on the issue of detaining American personnel. In this case, the US government has to agree to direct negotiations with the representative of China.

With the approval of Zhou Enlai, Wang Bingnan, Secretary-General of the China delegation, began a preliminary discussion with the US representative and Deputy Secretary of State Johnson on the issue of expatriates in the two countries on June 5. The United States submitted to China a list of American overseas Chinese and some American soldiers detained by China, asking China to give them a chance to return home. In order to show sincerity, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan that he made generous concessions in the third meeting between China and the United States held on June 15, 2005, demanding that the United States stop detaining Qian Xuesen and other China personnel studying in the United States. However, China's just demand was unreasonably rejected by the United States. On July 2 1 day, the Geneva meeting closed. In order not to interrupt communication channels, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan to agree with the United States to hold consular-level talks in Geneva. In order to further express its sincerity in negotiating with the US, the China administration decided to release four detained American pilots first. China's high-profile statement, the ultimate goal is to let Qian Xuesen and other scientists studying in the United States return to China as soon as possible. However, on this key issue, Americans cheated. US Congressman Johnson refused to let Qian Xuesen return to China on the grounds that China could not provide the real reason for his request.

Just as Premier Zhou Enlai was anxious about this, Chen Shutong, then vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), received a letter from the other side of the ocean. The signature of the letter is Qian Xuesen. It turned out that in order to get rid of the spy's surveillance, Qian Xuesen wrote the letter on a small cigarette paper and gave it to Chen Shutong. In the letter, Qian Xuesen asked the motherland to help him return to China. Chen Shutong personally handed the letter to Zhou Enlai. Zhou Enlai was overjoyed after reading it. He immediately made careful arrangements for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to quickly forward this letter to Wang Bingnan, who was negotiating in Geneva, and instructed: "This letter is very valuable. This is irrefutable evidence. The United States authorities are still obstructing the repatriation of civilians in China. You should use this letter to expose their lies in the negotiation. "

According to Zhou Enlai's instructions, Wang Bingnan took the lead in speaking at the beginning of the Sino-US ambassadorial talks on August 1 Japan. He said to Johnson, "Mr. Ambassador, before we begin our discussion, I have been instructed to inform you of the following news: On July 3 1, we decided to release Arnold and other American pilots 1 1 ahead of schedule. They left Beijing on July 365,438+0 and are expected to arrive in Hong Kong on August 4. I hope that this measure taken by the China government will have a positive impact on our talks. " But Johnson kept repeating the same old tune-"There is no evidence that Qian Xuesen will return to China. The US government cannot impose orders. " Wang Bingnan then flashed Qian Xuesen's letter to Chen Shutong and confidently refuted Johnson: "Since the US government publicly announced as early as April 1955 that scholars studying in the United States were allowed to travel freely, why did Dr. Qian Xuesen, a scientist from China, write to the China government for help in June? Obviously, the request of China scholars to return to China is still blocked. " In the face of facts, Johnson was speechless. The American government had to approve Qian Xuesen's request to return to China. 1On August 4, 955, Qian Xuesen received a notice from the US Immigration Bureau allowing him to return to China.

1On September 7th, 955, Qian Xuesen boarded the "President of Cleveland" with his wife Jiang Ying and a pair of young children, and embarked on the journey of returning home. 19951On October 8, when Qian Xuesen returned to Guangzhou from the United States, he said a very emotional sentence to the comrades of China Travel Agency who received him: "I always believe:"