Spontaneous breathing pattern of space immigrants

Astronauts have to face many challenges all the time in space, and the working conditions are very difficult. Space is not like the universe. Astronauts can't decide what they want to eat and drink. Food can be prepared in compression packaging, but how to bring a lot of water into space? Especially when China conducts space exploration missions, there are sometimes three astronauts, and their demand for water is enormous.

Water is called "the source of life", and all living things on the earth originated from the ocean, so no matter what kind of living things, the most abundant component is water, which is also the trace left by the evolution of nearly 3 billion years. The human body is 70% water, and many life activities are inseparable from water.

Water can control people's metabolism, and all kinds of substances in the human body need water as a carrier. When the water is not enough, the material exchange of the human body will be affected, and the waste in the body can only be discharged if it accumulates too much, which is harmful to health.

When the body temperature is too high, it will increase its own water evaporation and dissipate heat for the body. If the heat dissipation is not timely, the human body temperature is too high, which will damage some organs. Our blood contains the most water. If there is no water, hemoglobin cannot flow all over the body, and the human body will be deprived of oxygen.

In addition, water is a good chemical reaction environment, and various biochemical reactions are taking place in the human body all the time, such as aerobic respiration, such as the combination of various ions, which all need the participation of water or are carried out in water.

If there is no water or insufficient water, these reactions will be affected, and people's bodies will also have adverse reactions. Water is also a lubricant for human body. People's eyeballs must be in a moist environment, and people's respiratory mucosa must also be kept moist. Without water, people can't see clearly, can't breathe smoothly, and will soon die.

Of course, the more water the better. If the water content of the human body exceeds the standard, the human body will swell. Moreover, too much water will change the concentration of body fluids and transfer substances, so people can't drink too much water or soak in water for a long time.

Water is more important for astronauts working in space. Most people living on the earth drink water, but in space, water is also used to make oxygen.

The chemical molecular formula of water is H2O, which means that water molecules consist of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Oxygen is an important gas for human survival. There is no air in space, and the astronauts' breathing depends entirely on the spacecraft to make oxygen (electrolytic water).

If only a spaceship carries water in space, according to the calculation that an astronaut needs 4.4 liters a day, the water needed by three astronauts will be very huge. There are strict regulations on the weight of the articles carried by the spacecraft, and there are more important experimental equipment inside. If all the water needed by three astronauts is transported into space, the whole spacecraft will be overloaded, so the weight of water used in space must be controlled. However, limiting the weight will lead to insufficient water. Take the Shenzhou-13 astronaut as an example, how to ensure the astronauts' domestic water?

The answer is to make full use of all available water in space. In addition to the water carried by the spacecraft itself, there is also the water of the astronauts themselves. People will evaporate 1.7 liters of sweat and excrete 1.6 liters of urine every day. In addition, there is moisture in people's feces, and the gas exhaled by people also has moisture, which is used. Don't get me wrong, instead of letting astronauts use urine and sweat directly, there is a special water collection device in the space capsule, which can collect water for recycling.

But circulating water is the most likely to cause substance precipitation. Therefore, astronauts should test the circulating water before using it to see if the microbial and mineral contents meet the requirements. Once the requirements are not met, astronauts can't use water.

In addition, due to weightlessness in space, water will not fly away in the space capsule, but will gather into water droplets, but some water molecules will escape from the water droplets and fly around. If they accidentally enter the equipment, it will endanger the safety of the spacecraft. Therefore, astronauts can't use cups to drink water, but put water into bags and squeeze it into their mouths like jelly.

Astronauts on the space station work longer hours, and the circulating water is enough for them to drink, but what if they want to take a bath?

Water is more precious in space than in the desert, so it is absolutely not allowed to waste any water. Astronauts generally don't bathe with water in space, not only bathing, but also shampooing.

There is a special material in the materials carried by astronauts, which is both light and thin of paper and tough of cloth. It is moist on the earth, and it has all the substances needed to clean the skin. Astronauts only need to wipe their bodies with it, and they can play a cleaning role.

Some people will ask, can this be clean? The environment of the universe is different from that of the earth, especially the space capsule. Basically, it is a dust-free environment, so astronauts' skin will not produce dirt like the earth, and they need a lot of water to clean it. This kind of "wet tissue" is mainly used to wipe the dander on the skin.

As for shampoo, R&D personnel specially developed a disposable shampoo. When you squeeze it out and apply it to your hair, you will wrap each hair, then wipe it off with a "wet tissue" and your hair will be washed. This is also the reason why female astronauts can keep their long hair in space, because they can completely avoid washing their hair, and it doesn't matter how long it is.

Some of the water in the spaceship is used for experiments, and some weightless experiments can't be carried out on earth, so they have to be done in space.

Some people may ask, why not use transportation and replenishment to let the transport spacecraft send a lot of water, so that astronauts don't have to use their own urine. Although the current launch technology is very mature, it is very expensive. It costs 10000 dollars to transport 1L of water into space. One astronaut needs 4.4 liters of water, and three astronauts 180 days need 2376 liters of water, which is 23.76 million dollars. This does not include oxygen production water and experimental water.

At present, space water extraction technology can extract 1.3 liters of water from 1.6 liters of urine, and the urine of three astronauts can extract 3.9 liters of water every day, which can save 702 liters of water in 1.80 days. According to the calculation of 10 thousand dollars for a liter of water, it can be said that this is the most expensive urine.

According to this efficiency, 180 days can extract about 756 liters of water from the urine of three astronauts, equivalent to 7.56 million US dollars. The total amount of urine and evaporation is14.58 million USD. Including the moisture recovery of feces, it is about $6.5438+0.5 million.

Using this method, the cost of10 million dollars was saved. Recycling urine to make drinking water sounds really unacceptable, but astronauts have undergone strict training and they think it's nothing.

We all know that the predecessor of an astronaut is an excellent pilot. Not every pilot can become an astronaut. He has to go through strict screening at different levels, and eventually he will become a preparatory astronaut and receive further training. Astronauts who can go into space have the best physical quality among human beings.

Even if such a celestial body goes into space, it still has to suffer a lot. Many changes have taken place in retired astronauts. Their bones will lose part of their bones due to weightlessness in space, and then osteoporosis will appear when they return to earth; Their eyeball lens will always be deformed to a certain extent, and they will not be able to see clearly when they return to the ground. You should know that their vision was top-notch before entering space.

Astronauts must also bear great mental stress every day, because they must always maintain a high degree of concentration when performing tasks in space. And always monitor your environment, such as repeatedly monitoring water quality many times a day. Many jobs are repetitive and boring.

In this case, their taste is also affected. Because astronauts have to worry a lot about their food, they only guarantee their nutrition, not their taste. Astronauts eat like chewing wax every day.

Under such difficult circumstances, it is really great that astronauts can complete their tasks with full enthusiasm. Not to mention the 22 astronauts who have died so far. Although these sacrificed astronauts belong to different nationalities, at this moment, they are all the pride of mankind.