Three Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) voluntarily joined the Soviet Union 1940? Or was it annexed?

1939 On August 23rd, the Soviet Union and Germany signed a non-aggression treaty. Latvia and Estonia were accepted.

Enter the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union. On September 28th, the Soviet Union signed a friendly border treaty with Germany, which Lithuania handed over to it.

Soviet sphere of influence. The Soviet Union immediately began to annex the three Baltic countries after receiving the commitment from Germany.

The whole process can be divided into two stages.

Stage 1: signing control stage (August1939 ~ May 1940)

The three Baltic countries are extremely worried about the proximity of two powerful neighbors. Zotov, Soviet plenipotentiary in Riga.

Report to the whole country: "ribbentrop signed a treaty in Moscow, which first aroused the vigilance of police from all walks of life."

I'm afraid that the Soviet Union and Germany will collude to carve up Poland and the Baltic countries. "August 3 1, Molotov?

Recognize any agreement with Germany to divide the sphere of influence, and look forward to signing mutual assistance clauses with Baltic countries.

About, at the same time, ask for the right to station troops.

19 September, the Soviet Union put pressure on Estonia under the pretext of the Polish submarine Eagle incident, claiming that

The Soviet Union will not recognize Estonia's sovereignty over its coastal waters, and its security will be defended by the Soviet Union.

In order to alleviate the crisis, Estonian Foreign Minister Cerit personally led a government delegation to Mozambique on September 24th.

The SCO demands reconciliation. The Soviet government took the opportunity to request the signing of a mutual assistance treaty and submitted the mutual assistance proposed by the Soviet side.

Draft treaty and protocol. Molotov threatened: "If you don't want to sign a mutual assistance agreement with us,

About, then we will have to protect it through other channels, perhaps more severe and complicated ways.

Please don't force us to use force against Estonia for our own safety. "26th, Cheryl, come back.

After the country, it handed over the draft of the Soviet Union to its own government. The main content of the draft is: the Soviet Union recognizes Ashani.

As a sovereign country, Asia is willing to provide Estonia with military assistance and comprehensive economic and diplomatic assistance.

Yes, Estonia needs to give the Soviet Union the right to build naval bases and open airports.

In order to force the Estonian government to submit, the Soviet government kept sending planes to perform in Estonian airspace.

Wei. On September 26th, voroshilov, a member of the Soviet National Defense People's Committee, ordered the Soviets: "Start at Ella immediately.

Troops were assembled at the border and the operation was completed on September 29th. Requirements of Leningrad Military Region on Aisha.

Virginia made a strong and resolute attack. "

Under the strong pressure of the Soviet Union, on September 27th, the Estonian government decided to accept the proposal to conclude a treaty. thank

Little was ordered to fly to Moscow again. During the negotiation, the Soviet Union also used "Estonia defends the Soviet Union".

On the grounds of having a naval base in the port and ensuring Estonia's stability, the garrison 3.5 was proposed to the Estonian government.

Ten thousand people's new requirements, and instructed Estonia to reply immediately. The Estonian government can't stand it.

The Soviet Union accepted all the demands put forward by the Soviet Union, and on September 28, the two sides, that is, the Soviet Union.

On the day when the German Border and Friendship Treaty was signed, the Su Ai Mutual Assistance Treaty and its secret protocol were also concluded.

The treaty stipulates that the two sides provide each other with all assistance, including any European border defense between the two countries.

When European powers were invaded or threatened to invade, they provided military services from the Baltic Sea or through Latvian territory.

Assistance; The Soviet Union provided weapons and military materials to the Estonian army on preferential terms; Love is granted to the Soviet Union.

Have the right to rent naval bases and airports in Salema Island, Shiuma Island and Paldiski City in order to

In order to defend the above facilities, the Soviet Union can send a strictly limited number of army and air force to the region; Both sides promised not to

Join any alliance or group aimed at opposing each other; The implementation of this Treaty shall not impair the sovereignty of both parties,

Including the economic systems and institutions of the two countries. This secret agreement clarified the number and time of Soviet troops stationed in Ireland.

It is indeed stipulated that the number of people who need to settle in Europe during the war cannot exceed 25 thousand.

After the signing of the Treaty of Mutual Assistance in Su Ai, the Soviet government immediately turned its attention to Latvia. 65438+ 10 month 1,

The Soviet government suggested that the Latvian government hold "consultations" on the relations between the two countries. President of Latvia and Prime Minister

Umani said that the signing of the Soviet Union and Germany and the Treaty had a great impact on the situation in Eastern Europe.

Then he agreed to sign a contract with Sue. The next day, Foreign Minister Montessori arrived in Moscow in a Soviet-loving way.

Start negotiations on the basis. Molotov said: "If you agree with this opinion, then we can."

The principle has been determined. We need to build a base on the ice-free coast. Stalin pointed out: "We need to talk.

Airports and military defense issues. We will not touch your constitution, institutions, ministries, or foreign and financial affairs.

Political policy and economic system. Our demand is due to Germany's war against Britain and France. "

The Latvian delegation pointed out: Generally speaking, this is a step towards friendship, but it may lead to

To the Soviet Union's control of Latvia and the Soviet Union's demand for the number of Soviet troops of 50,000 people.

It's too high, and the Latin side needs to consider it carefully.

10 year 10 3, the negotiations continued, and the Latvian delegation indicated that it was difficult to transfer the treaty provided by the Soviet Union.

The draft was recommended to the government and could not be explained to the people. Montel thinks: "The treaty will be ignored.

It is unacceptable for people who love freedom to establish some kind of protective relationship, let alone?

At present, Latvia is fully capable of ensuring its own security and indirectly ensuring the security of the Soviet Union. "representative

The regiment also opposed the Soviet Union's establishment of military bases in two ice-free ports and Gus and Pitra, and insisted

The number of Soviet troops stationed is limited to 20 thousand, so as not to exceed the usual strength, and the time of stationing is only appropriate.

Used in "the current European war", once the European war is over, the garrison should be withdrawn immediately. Molotov continued to refuse.

Rejected the Latvian delegation's suggestion, claiming: "Your suggestion is absolutely unacceptable, please have a test."

Consider the situation! "Stalin added:" You should consider the worst, you don't believe it.

Let's do it. We don't trust you. You think we want to invade you. We could have cashed it.

Do it now, not do it. "He encouraged the delegation, the Soviet garrison is just a.

A preventive force.

After persistent, tense and fierce arguments, the two sides signed a mutual assistance treaty on 654381October 5. treaty

The content is similar to the Su Ai Mutual Assistance Treaty. Soviet naval bases and airports in Latin America are Lepa and Wenwen.

Spielberg, there are no more than 25 thousand troops stationed. After the Su Ai-Sura Treaty was signed, it was Lithuanian turn.

According to the secret agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany, Lithuania was originally within Germany's sphere of influence. On September 28th, the Soviet Union and Germany were friendly and peaceful.

World treaties also brought it into the sphere of influence of the Soviet Union. On the 30th, Molotov summoned the Lithuanian ambassador to Moscow.

Ambassador Natkiavicius called for negotiations on relations between the two countries. 6543813 October, Lithuanian Foreign Minister Ulbu

When Villeneo arrived in Moscow, Stalin proposed to return the city and parts of Villeneo province to Ritao.

Wan. At the same time, according to the Sura-Su Ai Treaty, a mutual assistance treaty was signed, valid for 20 years.

During the war, the Soviet Union stationed 50,000 troops. Ulbus pointed out that the draft treaty proposed by the Soviet Union is actually

The occupation of Lithuania. Stalin pointed out that "the Soviet Union has no intention of threatening Lithuania's independence. On the contrary, the garrison is

The real guarantee of Lithuania. Molotov threatened that Estonia had signed a similar treaty,

Latvia also agreed that if Lithuania refused, it would destroy the defense system that was about to be built. Zaisu

Under the pressure of the United Nations, Ulbus made concessions, but demanded that the number of Soviet troops be reduced to 23,000.

People, and only stationed in the villeno area. Stalin immediately rejected this request and proposed that the Soviet Union station troops.

The number cannot be less than 35,000.

On the morning of October 4th, 65438/KLOC-0, the Lithuanian delegation returned to kaunas, the capital, and returned to Moscow on October 7th, 65438/KLOC-0.

Lithuania put forward new suggestions on the timing of Soviet troops' presence, but the Soviet side was not interested and used peacekeeping.

The Elnor issue brought pressure to the people of Wan Tao, and Molotov threatened: "The Soviet government cannot create Elnor.

The Romanian people have remained stable for a long time and ignored their demands. "If Lithuanians don't accept mutual assistance treaties,

You can't have Villeneo. Pravda also keeps spreading news that it will put the city in the west.

Belarus. Senior leaders of Belarus often fly to Villeno, trying to "take over" industry and architecture.

Establish the Soviet system.

10 year 10 month 10 day, the Lithuanian delegation accepted Molotov's amendment and signed the Peace-keeping Theory.

The transfer of Elnor City and Villene? o Province to Lithuania and the mutual assistance treaty between the Soviet Union and Lithuania, among which

Like the Su Ai Treaty and Sura Treaty, the number of Soviet troops can reach 20,000.

Are the three Baltic countries angry with the kindness and kindness of the Soviet Union and forcing them to sign a mutual assistance treaty?

In other words, they lack trust in Stalin's leadership group and are worried about the future of the three Baltic countries.

Montel Stancheng: "This means a turning point in Latvian history." Ulbus refers to

I: Lithuania signed the treaty with a very heavy heart. Cherieter of Estonia is signing a contract.

I submitted my resignation after the appointment.

For a period of time after the signing of the mutual assistance treaty, due to the unclear development of the war in Western Europe, the Soviet Union

The government adopts a cautious wait-and-see policy. The Soviet Union's consideration is that Britain, France and the Baltic countries have good relations.

Relations, once Britain and France win, the Soviet Union and Germany's sphere of influence division agreement will be worthless, such as the Soviet Union.

According to the Soviet-German agreement, Britain and France will take hostile actions against the three Baltic countries and send troops to do it.

Involve; Moreover, the Soviet Union's policy in the Baltic region is only regional and should be subordinated to the overall needs. for

Therefore, the Soviet government prohibited military and political leaders from interfering in the internal affairs of the Baltic countries.19391June 14.

Molotov called the plenipotentiary in kaunas: "All contacts with left-wing groups must be banned,

Can only keep in touch with the government and official groups. "65438+1October 2 1, Pozdnjakov is sharper.

It is pointed out that "you-all the staff of the plenipotentiary representative office, including the military attache, should have no rules in Lithuania.

It is forbidden to interfere in the affairs of both parties. "10,1October 23rd Molotov addressed to Ken Jin, the plenipotentiary in Tallinn.

She also issued the same instruction: "You should understand that you can't interfere in Estonia's internal affairs."

What move? "10 year 10 25, the people's Committee of the Ministry of National Defense issued an order on the issue of the Red Army's presence, demanding a comprehensive.

The officers and men of the aircraft "do not interfere in the internal affairs of the three countries under any circumstances", saying that "the Baltic countries practice the Soviet Union"

The argument of "Vientiane" is fundamentally contradictory to our policy, and there is no doubt that this is a provocative statement.

In ..... if there are such "Sovietized" emotions and remarks among soldiers, they should be completely eliminated.

We must stop it mercilessly in the future. "

As the Soviet Union strictly abides by the obligations stipulated in the mutual assistance treaty and adopts the policy of non-interference in internal affairs,

The timidity and fear of the three Baltic countries at the beginning of signing the mutual assistance treaty gradually disappeared, and the Soviet government's

Trust is also growing. The relationship between the two sides tends to be flat.

The second stage: formal merger stage (1940

May-August 2008)

On May 1940, the Germans invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. 10 day, land

Sen Bao surrendered without fighting, 15, and the Dutch army surrendered; On the 28th, Jun Bi surrendered; The British and French armies were repeatedly defeated,

Facing despair in Dunkirk. Stalin saw that the Germans were moving westward smoothly, and Britain and France could hardly protect themselves.

The need for self-security began to change the past policy of abiding by mutual assistance treaties and to prepare for the annexation of the Baltic Sea.

Sea, Three Kingdoms.

On May 25th, the Soviet side claimed that the Red Army soldiers appeared "under the protection of Lithuanian government agencies".

In the disappearance, the Lithuanian government was told to stop provocation immediately, or the Soviet Union would take special measures. Li Tao

In order to stop the anger of the Soviet Union, the Wan government replied the next day that it would "conduct a detailed investigation immediately". On the 28th,

Establish a commission of inquiry. However, the Soviet government's drunkenness is not about wine, and it continues to escalate and strengthen the conflict.

Never refuse to cooperate with Lithuanian investigation authorities. In order to prevent the development of the situation, Lithuania

Express "sincerely welcome the Soviet government to find out all the requirements of this incident", a series of.

Arrest, and strengthen the monitoring of residents near the Soviet station. On June 7, Lithuanian Prime Minister Markey

On June 1 1, Foreign Minister Ulbus went to Moscow to hold talks with the Soviet side in an effort to resolve the conflict.

On June 14, at the request of Molotov, the Minister of Interior Skuchas and the Director of the Political Police Department were dismissed.

Vidis's position to show sincerity in solving this incident.

However, the Soviet Union continued to expand the situation, claiming that the three Baltic countries had concluded an army.

An alliance against the Soviet Union. However, the alliance treaty concluded by the three countries in September 1934 was not.

It is only regarded as a part of collective security by the Soviet government, and the Soviet Union is working with three

When China signed the mutual assistance treaty, it did not object to maintaining this alliance. 65438+June 0940

14, the Soviet union continued to increase pressure. Molotov issued a statement saying: "The Lithuanian government is trying to make the Soviet Union

Can't stay in Lithuania ..... grossly destroy the mutual assistance treaty signed with the Soviet Union, and prepare to invade the Soviet border.

Conditions. "And ask the Lithuanian government to: (1) bring Skuchas and Povidis to court for trial;

(2) In Lithuania, we have the ability and determination to ensure the faithful implementation of mutual assistance treaties and resolutely suppress objections.

Government; (3) Ensure that "Soviet troops freely pass through Lithuanian territory in order to be deployed in Lithuania.

To the center, the number of Soviet troops should be enough to ensure the implementation of the mutual assistance treaty and prevent provocative actions against the garrison. "

Lithuania is required to give a reply within 10 hour, otherwise "Soviet troops will enter Lithuania immediately".

Lithuania was isolated, before the last Soviet spy, Ulbu, expired 15 minutes.

Heath informed Molotov that Lithuania accepted all demands.

After Lithuania was forced to submit, the Soviet government did the same thing again and reported to Latvia on June 16.

Let Cochinche and Estonian Minister Ley submit a statement criticizing the Baltic agreement signed by the two countries.

The two countries were asked to form a new government, agreed to send troops to the Soviet Union, and were ordered to give a reply within six hours. Politics of two countries

The government was weak and accepted the conditions put forward by the Soviet Union within the specified time, and the original government announced its resignation.

After the three governments were forced to make concessions, the Soviet government instructed Jiekatazov, zhdanov and Vischinski.

As a special envoy, he went to Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia to discuss the formation of the new government. These three countries

Under the pressure of the Soviet Union, the President completely accepted the candidate appointed by the Soviet Union and formed a pro-Soviet government. Paretz

Keith is the Prime Minister of Lithuania, Kirchunstein is the Prime Minister of Latvia, and Vares is the Prime Minister of Estonia.

Soviet troops have been stationed in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The establishment of the new government and the arrival of the Soviet army.

Countries, in essence, completely lost the independence of the three countries. The three governments are implementing any important measures.

Always follow the instructions of Moscow or the wishes of Moscow representatives. In July 14, the three countries entered at the same time.

Hold parliamentary elections and announce the establishment of the Soviet regime. At the beginning of August, 1940, the seventh meeting in supreme soviet of the ussr.

The meeting decided to accept Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia as 14, 15 and 16 of the Soviet Union.

Alliance * * * and country. The three Baltic countries were formally annexed by the Soviet Union. New land in the Soviet Union1740,000 square kilometers.

Land, population 5.86 million.

Since the doomsday war has begun, all major countries have their own plans, so the Soviet Union annexed the three Baltic countries.

It has not caused much international repercussions. Germany is busy fighting on the western front at this time, and it is too busy to look east.

Unwilling to break off relations with the Soviet Union prematurely. What was Germany's attitude when the three Baltic countries asked Germany for mediation?

Degree is "this is purely a matter for the Soviet Union and the Baltic countries", "Germany has no intention of interfering in the Baltic countries.

Political affairs. "The attitudes of Britain and France are also negative. Between the two world wars, they once put the wave.

Romania's three maritime countries are regarded as "European anti-Bolshevism outposts". If the Soviet Union wants to merge, it is inevitable.

Opposition from western countries. But at this time, the British and French troops were defeated and fought repeatedly in the battle with the Germans, which was both powerless and powerless.

I have no time to take care of the three Baltic countries in Eastern Europe, and I can only listen to the actions of the Soviet Union in the three Baltic countries.

Let it go.