Explanation of terms in "Democracy and Education"

Explanation of terms in the book "Democracy and Education":

1. Experience: In Dewey's theory, experience refers to the interaction process between the individual and the environment. This interaction includes not only the physical environment but also the social and cultural environment. Experience is educational because it provides the individual with a basis for learning and development.

2. Democracy: In "Democracy and Education", Dewey regarded democracy as a way of life and a form of social organization, one of whose basic principles is freedom and equality for all. He believed that education in a democratic society should develop individuals' critical thinking and problem-solving skills so that they can make meaningful contributions to their future civic lives.

3. Scientific thinking: Dewey emphasized the importance of scientific thinking in education. He believes that scientific thinking is an effective way to solve problems and make decisions based on empirical evidence and logical reasoning rather than subjective assumptions or traditional concepts.

4. Pragmatism: Dewey’s philosophical thought is deeply influenced by pragmatism. Pragmatism emphasizes action and results, advocating that ideas and methods should be judged based on their effectiveness in real life. In education, this means that curricula and teaching methods should focus on developing students' practical skills and knowledge rather than just imparting theoretical knowledge.

5. School and society: In "Democracy and Education", Dewey emphasized the close connection between school and society. He believed that schools should reflect and promote community life, not just impart knowledge and skills. This means that schools should provide an environment conducive to students' socialization and citizenship.

Creative background of "Democracy and Education":

"Democracy and Education" was written by John Dewey at the beginning of the 20th century, focusing on the problems existing in the American education system and the society at that time. background. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, American society underwent tremendous changes. Industrialization and urbanization accelerated, and social problems such as new technological revolutions and waves of immigration continued to emerge. Against this background, the American education system is also facing new challenges and changes.

As one of the important representatives of American pragmatist philosophy, Dewey actively participated in the educational reform movement at that time. He believes that the traditional education system cannot meet the development needs of modern society, so the education system needs to be re-examined and transformed.

In "Democracy and Education", Dewey elaborated on the relationship between the concept of democracy and education, and put forward many innovative educational ideas and concepts. He believes that the essence of education is to cultivate students with independent thinking, critical thinking and innovative abilities, rather than simply imparting knowledge. He also advocates combining education with practice and cultivating students' abilities and interests through practical operations and experiences.

Dewey also conducted an in-depth discussion of racial discrimination, class inequality and other issues in American society at that time, calling for education to pay attention to social justice and equality and make contributions to building a more democratic, equal and prosperous society. contribute.