Xining earthquake in history

Typical rumors, please see below, I hope it will help you.

Seismologist: There are three main grounds for identifying earthquake rumors.

BEIJING, May 14 th Since April this year, earthquake rumors have been circulating on the Internet in Xingping City, Shaanxi Province and Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province. Today, the website of China Seismological Bureau published an article, and Zhang Xiaodong, an earthquake expert, pointed out that there are three main grounds for identifying earthquake rumors: exceeding the actual level of current earthquake prediction, transnational earthquake prediction, and deliberately exaggerating the official color of rumors.

1. There are many rumors about earthquakes on the Internet recently. How to identify earthquake rumors?

Seismologist Zhang Xiaodong: Since April this year, there have been rumors about earthquake rumors in many areas, such as Xingping City in Shaanxi Province and Nanjing City in Jiangsu Province. It is said that earthquakes occurred in different places, but the main contents are basically the same. According to the prediction of NASA and the National Seismological Network of the United States, a magnitude earthquake in a certain place in China will arrive at 20 10, and the epicenter will be in a certain place.

This is a typical earthquake rumor, and the main identification basis is as follows:

① Exceeding the actual level of earthquake prediction at present. The actual level of earthquake prediction in China is to predict some types of earthquakes to some extent. Long-term and long-term forecasting with large time scale has certain credibility, but the success rate of short-term and imminent forecasting is still very low. Internationally, earthquake prediction is still in the exploration stage, and the law of earthquake preparation and development has not been fully grasped. Earthquake rumors put forward the so-called earthquake prediction opinion that the three elements of earthquake are very accurate. For example, it is rumored that the time, place and magnitude of the earthquake are very specific, and even the time of occurrence is accurate to "morning" and "night".

② Transnational earthquake prediction. This does not conform to international agreements, nor does it conform to China's regulations on issuing earthquake predictions. China's "Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation Law" clearly stipulates that earthquake prediction shall be issued in a unified system, and opinions on earthquake prediction within the administrative areas of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be issued by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in accordance with the procedures stipulated by the State Council.

(3) Deliberately render official colors for rumors. Rumors are generally published by "so-and-so well-known experts" and "so-and-so national earthquake department", causing public misunderstanding.

In addition, there are some rumors that exaggerate the consequences of the earthquake. Sometimes, especially after a strong earthquake, there are often rumors that "a certain place will sink" and "a certain place will be submerged". This sensational news is not credible.

2. What are earthquake rumors?

Zhang Xiaodong, an earthquake expert: Sometimes, some "news" about earthquakes will be circulated in the society or on the Internet. They are not earthquake prediction opinions published by the government, but earthquake rumors, which are easy to cause social disorder and affect people's normal life.

The disaster caused by a strong earthquake instantly makes people fear the earthquake. In addition, they don't know enough about earthquake knowledge and relevant laws and regulations, so people are easy to listen to some so-called "earthquake news" which is the soil where earthquake rumors exist. The specific reasons for earthquake rumors are:

① Some natural phenomena, such as the second flowering of fruit trees caused by climate warming, migration caused by animal reproduction, sand turning and water inrush caused by thawing in spring, are mistaken for earthquake anomalies.

② Suspicions caused by normal business activities of earthquake departments, such as field observation, earthquake investigation, implementation of some precursory anomalies, earthquake consultation, publicity on earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, earthquake emergency drills, etc.

(3) demagogic propaganda from abroad, or rumors with ulterior motives, in order to achieve a certain purpose.

(4) being deceived by feudal superstitions.

3. What should I do if I hear rumors about the earthquake?

Earthquake expert Zhang Xiaodong: ① I don't believe it. Although earthquake prediction has not passed the test, some earthquake departments are conducting monitoring and research, and some government departments are organizing and deploying earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work. Don't believe earthquake rumors without scientific basis.

② Non-proliferation. It should be believed that as long as the government knows that there will be a destructive earthquake, it will never hide it from the people. So, if you hear the earthquake rumor, don't continue to spread it. For those who spread earthquake rumors, the state will investigate their legal responsibilities according to law.

③ Report in time. When you hear earthquake rumors, you should report them to the local government and the earthquake department in time to help the earthquake department quell the rumors.

(4) If any abnormality is found in animals, plants or groundwater, it shall be reported to the earthquake department in time and shall not be dispersed at will. The earthquake department will take timely measures to investigate and verify. There are many reasons for these anomalies.

4. How should the public respond to earthquakes scientifically and correctly?

Seismologist Zhang Xiaodong: Earthquake is a natural phenomenon, which is the ground vibration caused by the sudden rupture of underground rocks after the deformation exceeds a certain limit. Like natural phenomena such as wind and rain, it is bound to happen.

China is located between the Pacific Rim seismic belt and the Eurasian seismic belt, and frequent earthquakes are a basic national condition of China. Strong earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above have occurred in most provinces of China. According to the global statistics in the 20th century, a continental earthquake of magnitude 7 or above occurred in China, accounting for 35% of the global earthquakes. On average, there are 20 earthquakes of magnitude 5 or above in Chinese mainland every year. There have been many strong earthquakes in the history of China, which caused serious casualties.

At present, the international earthquake prediction is not enough, and it is difficult for most earthquake experts at home and abroad to make accurate predictions. China implements a unified release system for earthquake prediction. Only the government has the right to issue earthquake predictions. The public must not believe earthquake rumors.

After the earthquake, the basic principles of scientific response to earthquake disasters are: calmly face the earthquake, avoid nearby during the earthquake, and quickly evacuate to a safe and open place after the earthquake. This is a better emergency damping method. During emergency evacuation, try to lower the center of gravity of the body and adopt the correct shock absorption posture of squatting, squatting or sitting down; Pay attention to protect important parts of the body such as head, neck, eyes, mouth and nose. If possible, put things around you, such as pillows and bedding, on your head; Bow your head and close your eyes to prevent foreign body injury; Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent dust and toxic gases from invading. Attention should be paid to avoid under or next to objects that are strong and difficult to topple indoors and can cover the body. It is best to choose a small and supportive place for shock absorption, such as a load-bearing corner, under the edge of a kang or the edge of a low and solid furniture; Under (beside) or under (beside) a solid table, etc.

5. How to improve the seismic fortification ability of rural houses?

Zhang Xiaodong, an earthquake expert: The earthquake disaster in China is very serious, and most destructive earthquakes occur in rural areas. Nearly 60% of the deaths caused by the earthquake are rural people. For a long time, restricted by the level of social and economic development, rural housing construction has not been included in the supervision of seismic fortification, and the people's awareness of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction is weak. The vast rural areas are basically unguarded. Earthquakes of magnitude 5 or above often cause casualties and house collapse.

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in rural areas. In view of the weak seismic capacity of rural houses in China, the Notice on Strengthening Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction issued by the State Council in 2004 put forward specific requirements for promoting earthquake safety engineering of rural houses. In order to sum up and exchange local experience in time, in 2006, the State Council held the National Conference on Earthquake Safety of Rural Houses in Xinjiang. After the meeting, the General Office of the State Council forwarded the opinions of the Seismological Bureau and the Ministry of Construction on the implementation of the earthquake safety project for rural houses, and made comprehensive arrangements for the implementation of the earthquake safety project for rural houses. The National Plan for Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Reduction issued by the State Council in 2006 takes "building a rural residential earthquake safety demonstration area" as the goal of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, and defines the main tasks of the rural residential earthquake safety project.

Since the national conference on seismic fortification of rural residential buildings, all localities have taken effective measures to vigorously promote the implementation of earthquake-resistant rural residential projects. 16 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) set up leading bodies and offices, and 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) held special meetings or issued documents to deploy rural housing projects in their respective regions; In some areas, through the introduction of preferential support policies, publicity and mobilization have been carried out to guide farmers to build earthquake-resistant farmhouses; In some areas, rural housing projects have been incorporated into the overall planning of new rural construction and promoted as a whole. At present, Xinjiang, Yunnan and Gansu have entered the stage of full implementation, with more than 6,543,800 earthquake-resistant farmhouses built in Xinjiang, nearly 590,000 earthquake-resistant farmhouses reinforced and rebuilt in Yunnan, more than 700,000 earthquake-resistant farmhouses built in Gansu in combination with post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, and 6,543,800 earthquake-resistant farmhouses built in other regions through demonstration pilots and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. In recent years, there have been many destructive earthquakes in Xinjiang, and none of the earthquake-resistant farmhouses collapsed. Even in the area where the actual intensity of Wenchuan earthquake is eight degrees, the earthquake-resistant farm houses have withstood the test. From the end of last year to the beginning of this year, Altay region suffered three rare heavy snowfalls, a large number of houses collapsed, and the earthquake-resistant farmhouses were intact, which fully demonstrated the remarkable results of the earthquake-resistant safety project of farmhouses. These disaster reduction achievements have improved the seismic capacity of rural areas. In the next step, the work will be further intensified, and the seismic fortification capacity of rural houses will be continuously improved in combination with new rural construction and other projects.