Can I get a green card after working in America?

Theoretically, yes, but the chances of success are slim. If you fail, your status of studying abroad will be lost, because the F student visa is given to you on the premise that you have no immigration tendency. Once you fail to apply for immigration, your immigration tendency will also be recorded, and the government is likely to withdraw your student visa and send it back to China.

Therefore, most people don't want to take this risk. They only immigrate when they find a job and are quite sure that they can apply for a green card to avoid future troubles.