Where is Zhen 'an Guzhai?

Zhai, under the annotation of "Chai" in Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Xuan's annotation of "Chai" should not be called "Zhai"; According to Guang Yun in the Northern Song Dynasty, "Zhai" is also called "Zhai". It can be seen that the origin of "Zhai" is very early. When Zhen 'an Shanzhai began remains to be verified in detail. Most of the stockades we can see today were built in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, especially after Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. In the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804), in view of the lesson of suppressing the An Baili Rebel Army, Lu Youren, the governor of Shaanxi Province, said, "Instruct Shangzhou, Luonan, Yang Shan, Zhen 'an and Xiaoyi (now Zhashui) to trade in the same way, and all cities must be in their dangerous places, calling on the local authorities to set up their own stockyards and block important passes for monitoring. As a result, villages have been built in various places and pits have been dug in dangerous places. According to an incomplete survey, there are more than 200 mountain houses in the county, and more than 40 artificial holes are dug all over the cliffs, which is a great sight.

The main features of Zhen 'an Shanzhai are:

East is early and west is late, and Higashionishi is small. The eastern part of the county has good natural conditions and early development. There are Yangshao and Longshan cultural sites in Yanwu Village of Daping Town, Qianwan Village of Miliang Town and Zhaowan Village. Most of the immigrants in the early Ming Dynasty settled in Daping, rice planting, iron works, Gao Feng and other towns. With dense population and rich wealth, the enthusiasm for building a village is naturally high. There are five stockyards on the mountains on both sides of the Miliangchuan River, which are more than ten miles long. There are three stockaded villages around Daping Street, which are called "one mountain as the screen and three stockaded villages as the guards". In front of Qilixia Street, the two villages confronted each other, as if they had closed two doors. There are many "Xialaike" in the west of the county, and most of them have moved here since the middle of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, there were few households, so it was difficult to build stockades. In addition, there are many natural caves where things can be hidden everywhere, so there is little urgency to build fences. Most of the stockaded villages in the west were built in Tongguang period, generally on a small scale, and there were even stockaded villages of three or two families. But there are also famous villages such as Rener, Longxing, Baoan and Devil.

Stone fence house, stone wall. The stockades in plain villages are mostly made of earth, commonly known as "earth fences". The "village" where the army camped is a temporary "wooden fence" built by the resident. This may be the origin of the word "Chai". Come on! Zhen 'an stockade is made of local materials, and all stockades are made of stone. Is this stone wall the source of the word "house"? The stockade wall here is 5-6 meters high, and the stockade wall is about 8 meters high. There is a parapet and a crib on the upper part. Generally, there is one Zhaimen, a few are two Zhaimen, and the most is that Dazhai in Moligou is four Zhaimen. The peak of the village rises abruptly, towering into the sky, and a village gate is opened on each of the four small beams, named "Four Dragons Embrace the Sun".

Villages have various names. Some are named after place names, some by directions, some by surnames, and some by auspicious words. Named after auspicious words, such as Zaoyang, Moon, Phoenix, Gankun, Tianxing, Xinglong, Anle, Chang Yan, Ping 'an, Human Harmony, Concentricity and One Heart, there are only seven Taiping Villages. There are also barbarian Wang Village, Queen Village and Xiangma Village. Maluping and Changshao's Barbarian King Village (or Devil Village) is still a mystery. There are six small villages in the west, called "Hehe Village", which means that the mountains are short and close to human settlements, and people can be gathered in the village as soon as they shout.

There are many temples in the village. The temple is the residence of God, and God is the spiritual sustenance of good men and women. Jade Emperor Temple, laojunmiao, Lingguan Temple, Bodhisattva Temple and Guandi Temple are the most. They think that Guan Gong's loyalty to SHEN WOO can protect the safety of the hut, thus deducing many stories about Guan Gong's epiphany. The most popular story is that when bandits rushed in the direction of the stockade, Guan Gong was born, riding a horse and holding a knife, standing in front of the stockade with a figure of dozens of feet. Frightened, the bandits immediately retreated without bloodshed, thus keeping the stockade safe.

Some famous villages pay attention to cultural atmosphere. Some stockaded villages have stockade tablets, which record the process of stockade building, fund-raising and the list of main proponents in detail. Some doors are engraved with couplets with clear pronunciation and mellow voice; Some indoor powder walls also have murals. In Rener Village of Yungai Temple, the stone tablet records the will of the court to repair the village in the early years of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty. The lintel of the former village is engraved with "nature protection", and the lintel of the latter village is engraved with "human harmony". The rocks on the boulder in the middle of Shuangzhai Village in Gao Feng Town recorded the war of Anbalism. In Baoan Village, Daren Town, there are carved chessboards, lost squares and other entertainment facilities. Hua Teng Village in Daping Town is a combination of a village and a temple. This temple looks magnificent. There are more than 20 plaques in various fonts, but they were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution.

There have been wars in many shanzhai. In the late Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, the national fortune declined, the people were in dire straits, and peasant uprisings broke out one after another. Insurgents in the early years of Jiaqing, Sun Siwu in the ninth year of Xianfeng, Hu Zhengman's Hui Rebel, Taiping Rebel and Lan (Dashun) Cai (Changlin) Rebel in the early years of Tongzhi all went to Zhen 'an many times. In order to replenish supplies, they all broke the stronghold. In the three years of the Republic of China, the White Wolf Army, the Henan bandit foreigner in 12, and the Liu Zhenhua Army in 15 all crossed the border or were stationed in Zhen 'an, especially the bandit Wang Sanchun who repeatedly disturbed Zhen 'an for more than ten years. They broke through the thatched cottage, burning and looting, and the people suffered greatly. For example, the "White Wolf" army destroyed many shanzhai, only Wei Yuan Pucun village in Daping town was destroyed, killing more than 20 people, and Qingnigou cave dwelling in Linglong township was destroyed, killing 5 1 person. During the War of Liberation, under the political offensive of our army, Hu Baizhang, deputy village head of Daping New Village, and Zhu Diqing, the first squadron leader of the An Self-Defense Force in Longxing Village, Chaiping, respectively opened the village gate and surrendered. Qiu did not commit any crime.