The origin of smallpox

Medical history: smallpox 10000 years ago, when agriculture started, there was evidence that smallpox had been prevalent in the Middle East (two river basins). In the war between Egypt and Hittites in BC 1350, Egyptian prisoners of war may have spread smallpox to the West Thais, and even Subiliumas I, king of West Thailand, and his successors all fell ill and died one after another. Soon, the Western Taiwan Province Empire also disappeared from history. (The earliest recorded smallpox virus infection is also the earliest recorded virus infection) BC 1 157 1. The mummy of Ramses V in Egypt showed signs of smallpox infection on his face and skin, and the new Egyptian empire collapsed shortly after his death. 2. The ninth chapter of Exodus records a story: The Lord told Moses to take ash from the furnace and scatter it in the air, causing blisters and sores on people's skin. It is speculated that Moses led the ancestors of the Jews to leave Egypt and enter the desert in order to avoid the smallpox plague. At the end of Shang Dynasty in China (about 1 100 ~ 1000 BC), there was a plague epidemic. Some scholars think it is smallpox infection, but it is not recorded in detail. Whether it caused the decline of Shang Dynasty and was replaced by Zhou Dynasty remains to be verified. From 407 BC to 3 10 BC, there were no traces of smallpox and measles in the records of the famous Greek doctor Hippocrates. It can be speculated that Hippocrates and his disciples had never encountered such a case at that time, and smallpox did not spread to Greece and the Mediterranean region at that time. According to Ge Hong's "Elbow Reserve" in the 10th century (AD 49, the 25th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty), most people think that smallpox was introduced to China during this period because of the war with Luman, so it is also called "Lupo". In the 2nd century 148 (the second year of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty), Biography of Wei Eighteen records that in the second year of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, An Shigao, a famous Buddhist monk, was buried in Luolai. Whether he immigrated to China to escape this plague remains to be verified. 165 1. Smallpox was introduced into the Mediterranean region. 2. The Romans brought smallpox, which was popular in Central Asia, back to Rome because of the war with the interested countries (now Iran, belonging to Persian nomads), which led to the world-famous "Anthony plague". At that time 1/3 ~ 1/4 Romans died in this war. Kangelin classified the disease as a lung abscess, because in his view, the symptoms of vomiting blood are better than the spots on the skin. The great plague experienced several waves and lasted until the third century. Among them, when the second wave of plague struck, Rome did not have enough manpower to protect itself and deal with foreign invasion, and finally had to move eastward and become the "Eastern Roman Empire". The 5th century (405 BC), 1. There was a smallpox plague in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China. 2. Ge Hong, a medical scientist, described the symptoms and prescriptions of smallpox (head covered with sores, like boils, all containing white pulp, which is the earliest smallpox in history. Smallpox was introduced to Japan in the 6th century BC (552 BC), probably brought in by Buddhist missionaries from South Korea, and then recurred periodically in Japan. The clinical symptoms of smallpox were first described clearly by the famous doctor Lazi who worked in Baghdad in the 9th century. Wang Dan, the prime minister of Song Zhenzong in the 10th century, was very worried that his second son would get smallpox because his eldest son died of smallpox. So he heard that some people in Emei Mountain were vaccinated against smallpox, so he took his son to seek medical treatment and made him immune for life. BC/KLOC-A Sad Night in the 6th Century 1520: In April of that year, the first Spanish troops invaded Central America (Mexico), and African slaves (Cuban slaves) infected with smallpox in the army brought the plague to the area and spread it to the central and inland areas of Central America. So when the second batch of troops arrived, the smallpox epidemic in Central America was already quite serious. Although the Mexican army defeated the Spanish invaders, Mexican kings and generals and many local Indian chiefs died of smallpox, so Spain was able to defeat Mexico and conquer Central America in a short time. The name "* *** allpox" appears in 157 1. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it was about1577 ~15781. At that time, doctors in the Ming Dynasty saw that smallpox (pox) was an infectious disease, so it was recorded as "pox epidemic" in local chronicles. 2. Li Shizhen completed Compendium of Materia Medica, which recorded immunotherapy similar to vaccinia, but it did not develop. (One-year-old white water vaccinia, rice noodles to make cakes, children to eat on an empty stomach, free of acne for life. On the one hand, 49 white cattle webbed beans and 49 cinnabar four-and-nine-cent honey-grinding pills, such as adzuki beans, were sent with the bean soup. ) BC17th century, 1688, in the 27th year of Kangxi, Russia sent people to the then Qing Empire to learn the medical methods of vaccination. In BC 170018th century, the nose-catching method of human pox in China was introduced to Britain, 172 1 1. Ambassador montague's wife, who came back from Turkey, brought back to Britain the miraculous cure for smallpox that she saw in Turkey. It spread all over Europe immediately, but only to a few nobles and rich people. 2. Reverend Major and Dr. Boylston in Boston, USA, also advocated treating smallpox with human pox. 1754 to 1763 The first smallpox biochemical war: In the Anglo-French war in North America, the British commander Jeffrey Amherst approved the use of blankets and handkerchiefs stained with smallpox and acne to infect Indians who stood on the same side as France. Fort Carrilon has fallen. King Louis 1774 of France died of smallpox, and France began to inoculate human pox vaccine1775 ~17821. A smallpox epidemic broke out during the American war, and even commander Thomas got sick and died. British troops are losing ground because they are more immune to human pox, but American troops are not. Washington's original solution was to isolate soldiers with smallpox, but then one day he suddenly changed his mind and ordered the army to be vaccinated with human pox vaccine, which stopped the spread of smallpox in time. 3. The death toll of smallpox plague that lasted for 7 years exceeded 654.38+200,000, five times that of the war. In addition, during the war, the American army went north to attack Quebec because of smallpox, otherwise Canada might be a part of the United States now. From 1795 to 1798, doctors in Che Jenner, England discovered the efficacy of vaccinia and published it, but it was not adopted. 1 9th century,1. Vaccinia has been accepted all over the world, replacing human pox. 2. 1805 Vaccinia was introduced into China by Portuguese businessmen. In the 20th century 1959, the General Assembly of the United Nations World Health Organization required all countries to carry out smallpox vaccination. 1967, the General Assembly of the United Nations World Health Organization formulated the international smallpox eradication plan. 1977, the last four countries (Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia)1On October 26th, the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) announced that smallpox had been eradicated globally, and WHO acknowledged that smallpox had been eradicated globally. Only two smallpox virus laboratories (Moscow, Russia and Atlanta, USA) are qualified to store smallpox virus (at present, smallpox virus is stored in two places: Moscow, Russia and the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, USA, because although people no longer suffer from smallpox, in case smallpox resurfaces on the earth, the preserved smallpox virus can quickly develop a smallpox vaccine that can kill it. )